如果持久类有List对象，我们可以通过列表或者bag元素在映射文件中映射。 这个包(bag)就像List一样，但它不需要索引元素。
在这里，我们使用论坛的场景: 论坛中一个问题有多个答案。
我们来看看如何在映射文件中实现包(bag)：
<class name="com.yiibai.Question" table="q100">
...
<bag name="answers" table="ans100">
<key column="qid"></key>
<element column="answer" type="string"></element>
</bag>
...
</class>
在集合映射中映射包的示例
在这个例子中，我们将学习包(bag)的集合映射的完整示例。 这是一个bag的例子，如果它存储的值不是实体引用，这就是为什么要使用element元素标签来代替one-to-many。 如果您已经看过映射列表示例，这个示例与列表示例的所有情况下都是相同的，而是在文件映射中使用bag而不是列表(list)。
创建一个Java项目：bagstring，完整的项目结构如下所示 -
1)创建持久类
这个持久化类定义了类的属性，包括List。下面是 Question.java 文件的代码 -
package com.yiibai;
import java.util.List;
public class Question {
private int id;
private String qname;
private List<String> answers;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getQname() {
return qname;
}
public void setQname(String qname) {
this.qname = qname;
}
public List<String> getAnswers() {
return answers;
}
public void setAnswers(List<String> answers) {
this.answers = answers;
}
}
2)创建持久化类的映射文件
在这里，我们创建用于定义列表的question.hbm.xml文件。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.yiibai.Question" table="q101">
<id name="id">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="qname"></property>
<bag name="answers" table="ans101">
<key column="qid"></key>
<element column="answer" type="string"></element>
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
3)创建配置文件
此文件包含有关数据库和映射文件的信息。hibernate.cfg.xml 文件的内容如下 -
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. -->
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="question.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
4)创建存储数据的类
创建一个类：MainTest.java用于运行测试数据，在这个类中存储Question类的数据。
package com.yiibai;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.hibernate.*;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.*;
public class MainTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 但在5.1.0版本汇总，hibernate则采用如下新方式获取：
// 1. 配置类型安全的准服务注册类，这是当前应用的单例对象，不作修改，所以声明为final
// 在configure("cfg/hibernate.cfg.xml")方法中，如果不指定资源路径，默认在类路径下寻找名为hibernate.cfg.xml的文件
final StandardServiceRegistry registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build();
// 2. 根据服务注册类创建一个元数据资源集，同时构建元数据并生成应用一般唯一的的session工厂
SessionFactory sessionFactory = new MetadataSources(registry)
.buildMetadata().buildSessionFactory();
/**** 上面是配置准备，下面开始我们的数据库操作 ******/
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();// 从会话工厂获取一个session
// creating transaction object
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
ArrayList<String> list1 = new ArrayList<String>();
list1.add("java is a programming language");
list1.add("java is a platform");
ArrayList<String> list2 = new ArrayList<String>();
list2.add("Python is an Interface");
list2.add("Python is an API");
Question question1 = new Question();
question1.setQname("What is Java?");
question1.setAnswers(list1);
Question question2 = new Question();
question2.setQname("What is Python?");
question2.setAnswers(list2);
session.persist(question1);
session.persist(question2);
t.commit();
session.close();
System.out.println("success");
}
}
如何获取数据
在这里，我们使用HQL来获取Question类的所有记录，包括答案。 在这种情况下，它从功能相关的两个表中获取数据。FetchData.java代码如下所示 -
package com.yiibai;
import java.util.*;
import org.hibernate.*;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.*;
public class FetchData {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 但在5.1.0版本汇总，hibernate则采用如下新方式获取：
// 1. 配置类型安全的准服务注册类，这是当前应用的单例对象，不作修改，所以声明为final
// 在configure("cfg/hibernate.cfg.xml")方法中，如果不指定资源路径，默认在类路径下寻找名为hibernate.cfg.xml的文件
final StandardServiceRegistry registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build();
// 2. 根据服务注册类创建一个元数据资源集，同时构建元数据并生成应用一般唯一的的session工厂
SessionFactory sessionFactory = new MetadataSources(registry)
.buildMetadata().buildSessionFactory();
/**** 上面是配置准备，下面开始我们的数据库操作 ******/
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();// 从会话工厂获取一个session
// creating transaction object
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
Query query = session.createQuery("from Question");
List<Question> list = query.list();
Iterator<Question> itr = list.iterator();
while (itr.hasNext()) {
Question q = itr.next();
System.out.println("Question Name: " + q.getQname());
// printing answers
List<String> list2 = q.getAnswers();
Iterator<String> itr2 = list2.iterator();
while (itr2.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(itr2.next());
}
}
session.close();
System.out.println("success");
}
}
运行示例代码
首先运行 MainTest.java，将数据添加到数据库表中，执行结果如下
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.jboss.logging).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.
Sun Mar 26 21:14:36 CST 2017 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Hibernate: select max(id) from q101
Hibernate: insert into q101 (qname, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into q101 (qname, id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into ans101 (qid, answer) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into ans101 (qid, answer) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into ans101 (qid, answer) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into ans101 (qid, answer) values (?, ?)
success
运行 FetchData.java，读取上面创建的数据，如下结果 -
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.jboss.logging).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.
Sun Mar 26 21:08:23 CST 2017 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Hibernate: select question0_.id as id1_1_, question0_.qname as qname2_1_ from q101 question0_
Question Name: What is Java?
Hibernate: select answers0_.qid as qid1_0_0_, answers0_.answer as answer2_0_0_ from ans101 answers0_ where answers0_.qid=?
java is a programming language
java is a platform
Question Name: What is Python?
Hibernate: select answers0_.qid as qid1_0_0_, answers0_.answer as answer2_0_0_ from ans101 answers0_ where answers0_.qid=?
Python is an Interface
Python is an API
success