通配符
Linux系统中预定义的字符 man 7 glob
[:alnum:]：任意一个数字或者字母
[:alpha:]：任意一个大写或者小写的字母
[:blank:]：水平空白字符
[:cntrl:]：控制（非打印）字符
[:digit:]：任意一个数字，相当于0-9
[:graph:]：图形字符
[:lower:]：任意一个小写字母，相当于a-z
[:print:]：可打印字符（能看得见的，不是换行符之类的）
[:punct:]：标点符号
[:space:]：水平或垂直空白字符
[:upper:]：任意一个大写字母，相当于A-Z
[:xdigit:]：十六进制字符
范例：
- 显示/etc/test/目录下以l开头任意小写字母结尾，且中间至少出现一个数字的所有文件和目录列表
[21:25:31 root@C8-3-55 ~]#ls /etc/test/l*[:digit:]*[[:lower:]]
2.显示/etc目录下以任意一位数字开头，且以非数字结尾的文件和目录列表
[21:34:42 root@C8-3-55 ~]#ls /etc/test/[[:digit:]]*[^[:digit:]]
3.显示/etc目录下以非字母开头且后面跟了一个字母及其他任意长度任意字符的文件和目录列表
[21:35:28 root@C8-3-55 ~]#ls /etc/[^[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]]*
4.显示/etc目录下所有以rc开头，并且后面是0-6之间的数字，其他为任意字符的文件或目录列表
[21:43:48 root@C8-3-55 ~]#ls /etc/rc[0-6]*
5.显示/etc目录下以m,n,r,p开头且以.conf结尾的文件和目录列表
[21:45:00 root@C8-3-55 ~]#ls /etc/[mnrp]*.conf
/etc/man_db.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/mke2fs.conf /etc/php-fpm.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf
6.只显示/root下的隐藏文件和目录列表
[21:49:05 root@C8-3-55 ~]#ls -a /root/.[^.]*
/root/.bash_history /root/.gitconfig /root/.tcshrc
/root/.bash_logout /root/.lesshst /root/.viminfo
/root/.bash_profile /root/.mysql_history /root/.wget-hsts
/root/.bashrc /root/.nmcli-history /root/.Xauthority
/root/.cshrc /root/.online.sh.swp
/root/.config:
. .. procps
/root/.mozilla:
. .. extensions
/root/.ssh:
. .. id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts
- 只显示/etc目录下的非隐藏文件和目录列表
[21:49:49 root@C8-3-55 ~]#ls /etc/[^.]*
/etc/adjtime /etc/man_db.conf
/etc/aliases /etc/mime.types
/etc/anacrontab /etc/mke2fs.conf
/etc/asound.conf /etc/motd
/etc/at.deny /etc/mtab
/etc/bashrc /etc/my.cnf
/etc/bindresvport.blacklist /etc/nanorc
/etc/centos-release /etc/netconfig
/etc/centos-release-upstream /etc/networks
/etc/chrony.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/chrony.keys /etc/nsswitch.conf.bak
/etc/cron.deny /etc/nsswitch.conf.rpmnew
/etc/crontab /etc/oddjobd.conf
/etc/crypttab /etc/os-release
/etc/csh.cshrc /etc/passwd
/etc/csh.login /etc/passwd-
/etc/DIR_COLORS /etc/php-fpm.conf
/etc/DIR_COLORS.256color /etc/php.ini
/etc/DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor /etc/pinforc
/etc/dracut.conf /etc/printcap
/etc/environment /etc/profile
/etc/ethertypes /etc/protocols
/etc/exports /etc/rc.local
/etc/favicon.png /etc/redhat-release
/etc/filesystems /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/fprintd.conf /etc/rpc
/etc/fstab /etc/rsyslog.conf
/etc/fuse.conf /etc/screenrc
/etc/GREP_COLORS /etc/services
/etc/group /etc/sestatus.conf
/etc/group- /etc/shadow
/etc/grub2.cfg /etc/shadow-
/etc/gshadow /etc/shells
/etc/gshadow- /etc/sos.conf
/etc/host.conf /etc/subgid
/etc/hostname /etc/subgid-
/etc/hosts /etc/subuid
/etc/idmapd.conf /etc/subuid-
/etc/inittab /etc/sudo.conf
/etc/inputrc /etc/sudoers
/etc/issue /etc/sudo-ldap.conf
/etc/issue.net /etc/sysctl.conf
/etc/kdump.conf /etc/system-release
/etc/krb5.conf /etc/system-release-cpe
/etc/ld.so.cache /etc/tcsd.conf
/etc/ld.so.conf /etc/trusted-key.key
/etc/libaudit.conf /etc/updatedb.conf
/etc/libuser.conf /etc/usb_modeswitch.conf
/etc/locale.conf /etc/vconsole.conf
/etc/localtime /etc/vimrc
/etc/login.defs /etc/virc
/etc/logrotate.conf /etc/wgetrc
/etc/machine-id /etc/xattr.conf
/etc/magic /etc/xinetd.conf
/etc/mailcap /etc/yum.conf
/etc/makedumpfile.conf.sample
/etc/alternatives:
cifs-idmap-plugin ifup libnssckbi.so.x86_64 ncman python
ifdown ld libwbclient.so.0.14-64 nmap unversioned-python-man
/etc/audit:
auditd.conf audit.rules audit-stop.rules plugins.d rules.d
/etc/authselect:
authselect.conf dconf-locks password-auth system-auth
custom fingerprint-auth postlogin user-nsswitch.conf
dconf-db nsswitch.conf smartcard-auth
/etc/bash_completion.d:
authselect-completion.sh bpftool iprconfig redefine_filedir vdo vdostats
/etc/binfmt.d:
/etc/chkconfig.d:
/etc/cifs-utils:
idmap-plugin
/etc/cni:
net.d
/etc/cockpit:
machines.d ws-certs.d
/etc/containers:
certs.d oci policy.json registries.conf registries.d storage.conf
/etc/cron.d:
0hourly raid-check
/etc/cron.daily:
logrotate
/etc/cron.hourly:
0anacron
/etc/cron.monthly:
/etc/cron.weekly:
/etc/crypto-policies:
back-ends config local.d state
/etc/dbus-1:
session.conf session.d system.conf system.d
/etc/dconf:
db profile
/etc/default:
grub useradd
/etc/depmod.d:
dist.conf kvdo.conf
/etc/dhcp:
dhclient.conf dhclient.d
/etc/dnf:
aliases.d dnf.conf modules.d modules.defaults.d plugins protected.d vars
/etc/dracut.conf.d:
/etc/firefox:
pref
/etc/firewalld:
firewalld.conf icmptypes lockdown-whitelist.xml zones
helpers ipsets services
/etc/fonts:
conf.d fonts.conf
/etc/gcrypt:
random.conf
/etc/gnupg:
/etc/groff:
site-font site-tmac
/etc/grub.d:
00_header 01_users 20_ppc_terminfo 40_custom
00_tuned 10_linux 30_os-prober 41_custom
01_menu_auto_hide 20_linux_xen 30_uefi-firmware README
/etc/gss:
mech.d
/etc/httpd:
conf conf.d conf.modules.d logs modules run state
/etc/init.d:
functions README
/etc/iproute2:
bpf_pinning group rt_dsfield rt_realms rt_tables
ematch_map nl_protos rt_protos rt_scopes
/etc/iscsi:
initiatorname.iscsi iscsid.conf
/etc/issue.d:
cockpit.issue
/etc/kernel:
install.d postinst.d
/etc/krb5.conf.d:
crypto-policies kcm_default_ccache
/etc/ld.so.conf.d:
bind-export-x86_64.conf kernel-4.18.0-147.el8.x86_64.conf
/etc/libblockdev:
conf.d
/etc/libnl:
classid pktloc
/etc/libreport:
events events.d plugins workflows.d
/etc/libssh:
libssh_client.config libssh_server.config
/etc/logrotate.d:
bootlog chrony httpd mariadb psacct sssd up2date
btmp dnf iscsiuiolog php-fpm samba syslog wtmp
/etc/lsm:
lsmd.conf pluginconf.d
/etc/lvm:
archive backup cache lvm.conf lvmlocal.conf profile
/etc/mcelog:
mcelog.conf triggers
/etc/microcode_ctl:
ucode_with_caveats
/etc/modprobe.d:
firewalld-sysctls.conf tuned.conf
/etc/modules-load.d:
/etc/motd.d:
cockpit
/etc/multipath:
/etc/my.cnf.d:
auth_gssapi.cnf enable_encryption.preset mysql-clients.cnf
client.cnf mariadb-server.cnf
/etc/NetworkManager:
conf.d dnsmasq.d NetworkManager.conf
dispatcher.d dnsmasq-shared.d system-connections
/etc/nftables:
all-in-one.nft ipv4-filter.nft ipv6-filter.nft netdev-ingress.nft
arp-filter.nft ipv4-mangle.nft ipv6-mangle.nft
bridge-filter.nft ipv4-nat.nft ipv6-nat.nft
inet-filter.nft ipv4-raw.nft ipv6-raw.nft
/etc/nginx:
conf.d default.d
/etc/oddjob:
/etc/oddjobd.conf.d:
oddjobd-introspection.conf oddjobd-mkhomedir.conf
/etc/openldap:
certs ldap.conf
/etc/opt:
/etc/ostree:
remotes.d
/etc/PackageKit:
PackageKit.conf Vendor.conf
/etc/pam.d:
atd fingerprint-auth postlogin sshd system-auth
chfn login remote sssd-shadowutils systemd-user
chsh other runuser su vlock
cockpit passwd runuser-l sudo vmtoolsd
config-util password-auth screen sudo-i
crond polkit-1 smartcard-auth su-l
/etc/php.d:
20-bz2.ini 20-curl.ini 20-ftp.ini 20-phar.ini
20-calendar.ini 20-exif.ini 20-gettext.ini 20-sockets.ini
20-ctype.ini 20-fileinfo.ini 20-iconv.ini 20-tokenizer.ini
/etc/php-fpm.d:
www.conf
/etc/pipewire:
pipewire.conf
/etc/pkcs11:
modules
/etc/pki:
ca-trust java nssdb rpm-gpg rsyslog tls
/etc/plymouth:
plymouthd.conf
/etc/pm:
config.d power.d sleep.d
/etc/polkit-1:
localauthority localauthority.conf.d rules.d
/etc/popt.d:
/etc/prelink.conf.d:
grub2.conf
/etc/profile.d:
bash_completion.sh colorxzgrep.csh env.sh less.csh which2.csh
colorgrep.csh colorxzgrep.sh gawk.csh less.sh which2.sh
colorgrep.sh colorzgrep.csh gawk.sh sh.local
colorls.csh colorzgrep.sh lang.csh vim.csh
colorls.sh csh.local lang.sh vim.sh
/etc/rc0.d:
/etc/rc1.d:
/etc/rc2.d:
/etc/rc3.d:
/etc/rc4.d:
/etc/rc5.d:
/etc/rc6.d:
/etc/rc.d:
init.d rc0.d rc1.d rc2.d rc3.d rc4.d rc5.d rc6.d rc.local
/etc/rhsm:
syspurpose
/etc/rpm:
macros.dist
/etc/rsyslog.d:
/etc/rwtab.d:
logrotate sssd
/etc/samba:
lmhosts smb.conf smb.conf.example
/etc/sasl2:
/etc/security:
access.conf console.perms.d namespace.d pwquality.conf.d
chroot.conf group.conf namespace.init sepermit.conf
console.apps limits.conf opasswd time.conf
console.handlers limits.d pam_env.conf
console.perms namespace.conf pwquality.conf
/etc/selinux:
config semanage.conf targeted
/etc/setroubleshoot:
setroubleshoot.conf
/etc/skel:
/etc/smartmontools:
smartd.conf smartd_warning.d smartd_warning.sh
/etc/ssh:
moduli ssh_host_ecdsa_key ssh_host_rsa_key
ssh_config ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
ssh_config.d ssh_host_ed25519_key
sshd_config ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub
/etc/ssl:
certs
/etc/sssd:
conf.d pki
/etc/sudoers.d:
/etc/sysconfig:
anaconda ebtables-config irqbalance network-scripts samba
atd firewalld kdump nftables.conf selinux
chronyd grub kernel raid-check smartmontools
console htcacheclean man-db rhn sshd
cpupower ip6tables-config modules rsyslog
crond iptables-config network run-parts
/etc/sysctl.d:
99-sysctl.conf
/etc/systemd:
coredump.conf logind.conf system user
journald.conf resolved.conf system.conf user.conf
/etc/terminfo:
/etc/test:
1a.log la1d.log la3d.log lb2d.log lc1d.log lc3d.log rc4B.log
1b.log la1e5.log la3e5.log lb2e5.log lc1e5.log lc3e5.log rc4C.log
2a.log la1e6.log la3e6.log lb2e6.log lc1e6.log lc3e6.log rc5A.log
2b.log la1e7.log la3e7.log lb2e7.log lc1e7.log lc3e7.log rc5B.log
3a.log la1e8.log la3e8.log lb2e8.log lc1e8.log lc3e8.log rc5C.log
3b.log la1e.log la3e.log lb2e.log lc1e.log lc3e.log rc6A.log
4a.log la2d5.log lb1d5.log lb3d5.log lc2d5.log rc rc6B.log
4b.log la2d6.log lb1d6.log lb3d6.log lc2d6.log rc0A.log rc6C.log
5a.log la2d7.log lb1d7.log lb3d7.log lc2d7.log rc0B.log rc7A.log
5b.log la2d8.log lb1d8.log lb3d8.log lc2d8.log rc0C.log rc7B.log
6a.log la2d.log lb1d.log lb3d.log lc2d.log rc1A.log rc7C.log
6b.log la2e5.log lb1e5.log lb3e5.log lc2e5.log rc1B.log rc8A.log
7a.log la2e6.log lb1e6.log lb3e6.log lc2e6.log rc1C.log rc8B.log
7b.log la2e7.log lb1e7.log lb3e7.log lc2e7.log rc2A.log rc8C.log
8a.log la2e8.log lb1e8.log lb3e8.log lc2e8.log rc2B.log rc9A.log
8b.log la2e.log lb1e.log lb3e.log lc2e.log rc2C.log rc9B.log
la1d5.log la3d5.log lb2d5.log lc1d5.log lc3d5.log rc3A.log rc9C.log
la1d6.log la3d6.log lb2d6.log lc1d6.log lc3d6.log rc3B.log
la1d7.log la3d7.log lb2d7.log lc1d7.log lc3d7.log rc3C.log
la1d8.log la3d8.log lb2d8.log lc1d8.log lc3d8.log rc4A.log
/etc/tmpfiles.d:
/etc/tuned:
active_profile bootcmdline profile_mode recommend.d tuned-main.conf
/etc/udev:
hwdb.bin hwdb.d rules.d udev.conf
/etc/udisks2:
udisks2.conf
/etc/unbound:
icannbundle.pem root.key
/etc/vmware-tools:
guestproxy-ssl.conf resume-vm-default suspend-vm-default
poweroff-vm-default scripts vgauth
poweron-vm-default statechange.subr vgauth.conf
/etc/X11:
applnk fontpath.d xinit xorg.conf.d
/etc/xdg:
autostart systemd
/etc/xinetd.d:
chargen-dgram daytime-stream echo-dgram time-dgram
chargen-stream discard-dgram echo-stream time-stream
daytime-dgram discard-stream tcpmux-server
/etc/yum:
pluginconf.d protected.d vars
/etc/yum.repos.d:
CentOS-AppStream.repo CentOS-centosplus.repo CentOS-HA.repo
CentOS-AppStream.repo.bac CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Base.repo.backup CentOS-Extras.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Base.repo.backup.3 CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo