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  • C# 使用NLog记录日志

    引用:https://www.cnblogs.com/felixnet/p/5498759.html

    NLog是一个记录日志组件,和log4net一样被广泛使用,它可以将日志保存到文本文件、CSV、控制台、VS调试窗口、数据库等。最近刚用到这个组件,觉得不错,水一篇。

    下载

    通过Nuget安装NLog,你也可以同时安装NLog.Config,它会在项目目录下帮你建立一个配置文件NLog.config,不过不需要,我们直接手动建立一个,你也可以将配置的信息写入到 App.config/Web.config,我比较喜欢独立出来,不与其它配置掺和在一起。

    配置

    在项目根目录下新建一个NLog.config,基本目录结构:targets下面配置日志输出目标及相关参数,rules下面配置目标输出规则。

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    <?xml version="1.0" ?>
    <nlog>
        <targets>
            <target></target>
            <target></target>
        </targets>
        <rules>
            <logger></logger>
            <logger></logger>
        </rules>
    </nlog>

    记得在NLog.config的属性中设置 Copy to Output Directory: Copy always

    现在我们要将日志输出到文本文件,数据库,VS调试窗口,完整配置文件如下:

    复制代码
    <?xml version="1.0" ?>
    
    <!--<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          autoReload="true"
          internalLogLevel="Trace"
          internalLogFile="D:\work\log.txt">-->
    
    <nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          autoReload="true">
      
      <targets>
        
        <!-- Log in a separate thread, possibly queueing up to
            5000 messages. When the queue overflows, discard any
            extra messages-->
    
        <!-- write logs to file -->
        <target name="file" xsi:type="AsyncWrapper" queueLimit="5000" overflowAction="Discard">
          <target xsi:type="File" fileName="${basedir}/logs/${shortdate}.log" layout="${longdate} ${level:uppercase=true} ${event-context:item=Action} ${message} ${event-context:item=Amount} ${stacktrace}" />      
        </target>
    
        <!-- write log message to database -->
        <target name="db" xsi:type="AsyncWrapper" queueLimit="5000" overflowAction="Discard">
          <target type="Database" dbProvider="mssql" connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=EFinance;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=sa;Password=123456;">
    
            <commandText>
              INSERT INTO Log(Timestamp,Level,Message,Action,Amount,StackTrace) VALUES(@time_stamp, @level, @message, @action, @amount, @stacktrace);
            </commandText>
    
            <!-- database connection parameters -->
            <parameter name="@time_stamp" layout="${date}" />
            <parameter name="@level" layout="${level:uppercase=true}" />
            <parameter name="@message" layout="${message}" />
            <parameter name="@action" layout="${event-context:item=Action}" />
            <parameter name="@amount" layout="${event-context:item=Amount}" />
            <parameter name="@stacktrace" layout="${stacktrace}" />
          </target>
        </target>
    
        <!--write log message to Visual Studio Output-->
        <target name="debugger" xsi:type="Debugger" layout="NLog: ${date:format=HH\:mm\:ss} | ${level:uppercase=true:padding=-5} | ${message}" />
      </targets>
    
      <rules>
        <!--TRACE,DEBUG,INFO,WARN,ERROR,FATAL-->
        <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="debugger" />
        <!--INFO,WARN,ERROR,FATAL-->
        <logger name="*" minlevel="Info" writeTo="db" />
        <!--DEBUG,INFO,WARN,ERROR,FATAL-->
        <logger name="*" minlevel="Debug" writeTo="file" />    
      </rules>
    </nlog>
    复制代码
    • 如在根节点(nlog)配置 internalLogLevel, internalLogFile,可以查看NLog输出日志时的内部信息,比如你配置文件有错误,很有帮助,不过项目发布后还是关闭比较好,以免影响效率;
    • 在target外面罩了一个 <target>并且xsi:type为 AsyncWrapper,即表示这条 target 将异步输出,这里我将文件和数据库日志异步输出;
    • db target内指定了数据库连接字符串 connectionString,SQL语句,SQL参数,还可以指定数据库/表创建和删除的脚本(推荐看NLog源码示例,这里不介绍),同时我们自定义了2个参数 action和amount;
    • target参数里有些是NLog内置参数,比如message,level,date,longdate,exception,stacktrace等,NLog在输出时会自动赋值;
    • layout设置了每条日志的格式;
    • 在rules节点,我们分别指定了三个target输出日志的级别,NLog用于输出日志的级别包括:Trace,Debug,Info,Warn,Error,Fatal,可以设置 minlevel设置最小级别,也可以用 levels定义你所有需要的级别(多个用逗号分隔)。

    封装

    简单两句就可以使用NLog了:

    NLog.Logger logger = Nlog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
    logger.Fatal("发生致命错误");
    logger.Warn("警告信息");

    但是这样只能记录了NLog的内置字段,我们定义的 Amount, Action都不能写入,接下来我们来封装一个Logger:

    复制代码
    public class Logger
        {
            NLog.Logger _logger;
    
            private Logger(NLog.Logger logger)
            {
                _logger = logger;
            }
    
            public Logger(string name) : this(LogManager.GetLogger(name))
            {
    
            }
    
            public static Logger Default { get; private set; }
            static Logger()
            {
                Default = new Logger(NLog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger());
            }
    
            #region Debug
            public void Debug(string msg, params object[] args)
            {
                _logger.Debug(msg, args);
            }        
    
            public void Debug(string msg, Exception err)
            {
                _logger.Debug(err, msg);
            }        
            #endregion
    
            #region Info
            public void Info(string msg, params object[] args)
            {
                _logger.Info(msg, args);
            }
    
            public void Info(string msg, Exception err)
            {
                _logger.Info(err, msg);
            }
            #endregion
    
            #region Warn
            public void Warn(string msg, params object[] args)
            {
                _logger.Warn(msg, args);
            }
    
            public void Warn(string msg, Exception err)
            {
                _logger.Warn(err, msg);
            }
            #endregion
    
            #region Trace
            public void Trace(string msg, params object[] args)
            {
                _logger.Trace(msg, args);
            }
    
            public void Trace(string msg, Exception err)
            {
                _logger.Trace(err, msg);
            }
            #endregion
    
            #region Error
            public void Error(string msg, params object[] args)
            {
                _logger.Error(msg, args);
            }
    
            public void Error(string msg, Exception err)
            {
                _logger.Error(err, msg);
            }
            #endregion
    
            #region Fatal
            public void Fatal(string msg, params object[] args)
            {
                _logger.Fatal(msg, args);
            }
    
            public void Fatal(string msg, Exception err)
            {
                _logger.Fatal(err, msg);
            }
            #endregion
    
            #region Custom
    
            public void Process(Models.Log log)
            {
                var level = LogLevel.Info;
                if (log.Level == Models.EFLogLevel.Trace)
                    level = LogLevel.Trace;
                else if (log.Level == Models.EFLogLevel.Debug)
                    level = LogLevel.Debug;
                else if (log.Level == Models.EFLogLevel.Info)
                    level = LogLevel.Info;
                else if (log.Level == Models.EFLogLevel.Warn)
                    level = LogLevel.Warn;
                else if (log.Level == Models.EFLogLevel.Error)
                    level = LogLevel.Error;
                else if (log.Level == Models.EFLogLevel.Fatal)
                    level = LogLevel.Fatal;
    
                var ei = new MyLogEventInfo(level, _logger.Name, log.Message);
                ei.TimeStamp = log.Timestamp;
                ei.Properties["Action"] = log.Action;
                ei.Properties["Amount"] = log.Amount;
    
                _logger.Log(level, ei);
            }
    
            #endregion
    
            /// <summary>
            /// Flush any pending log messages (in case of asynchronous targets).
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="timeoutMilliseconds">Maximum time to allow for the flush. Any messages after that time will be discarded.</param>
            public void Flush(int? timeoutMilliseconds = null)
            {
                if (timeoutMilliseconds != null)
                    NLog.LogManager.Flush(timeoutMilliseconds.Value);
    
                NLog.LogManager.Flush();
            }
        }
    
        public class MyLogEventInfo : LogEventInfo
        {
            public MyLogEventInfo() { }
            public MyLogEventInfo(LogLevel level, string loggerName, string message) : base(level, loggerName, message)
            { }
    
            public override string ToString()
            {
                //Message format
                //Log Event: Logger='XXX' Level=Info Message='XXX' SequenceID=5
                return FormattedMessage;
            }
        }
    复制代码
    复制代码
    public class Log : IEntityBase<long>
        {
            public long Id { get; set; }
            /// <summary>
            /// 日志级别 Trace|Debug|Info|Warn|Error|Fatal
            /// </summary>
            public string Level { get; set; }        
            public string Message { get; set; }
            public string Action { get; set; }
            public string Amount { get; set; }
            public string StackTrace { get; set; }
            public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; }
    
            private Log() { }
            public Log(string level, string message, string action = null, string amount = null)
            {
                this.Level = level;
                this.Message = message;
                this.Action = action;            
                this.Amount = amount;
            }
        }
    复制代码
    • Models.Log是我们项目里的日志对象,它对应一个数据表Log,NLog将日志数据写入到这个表;
    • Process(Models.Log)是我们处理自定义对象的日志方法,用LogEventInfo来写入;
    • 重写 LogEventInfo.ToString() 是因为 LogEventInfo的Message格式是“Log Event: Logger='XXX' Level=Info Message='XXX' SequenceID=5”,不便于查阅,我们只需要我们设置的Message。

    使用:

    下面是测试方法,我们一共输出9条日志,这9条日志将输出到哪个目标,由配置文件中的Rules/logger决定

    复制代码
    Logger.Default.Trace("Hello World! Trace");
    Logger.Default.Info("Hello World! Info");
    Logger.Default.Warn("Hello World! Warn");
    Logger.Default.Debug("Hello World! Debug");
    Logger.Default.Error("Hello World! Error");
    Logger.Default.Fatal("Hello World! Fatal");
    
    Logger.Default.Process(new Models.Log(Models.EFLogLevel.Info, "Hello World! Info", "TEST", "100.00"));
    Logger.Default.Process(new Models.Log(Models.EFLogLevel.Debug, "Hello World! Debug", "TEST", "100.00"));
    Logger.Default.Process(new Models.Log(Models.EFLogLevel.Error, "Hello World! Error", "TEST", "100.00"));
    Logger.Default.Flush();
    复制代码

    因为我们在Target中设置了异步,所以如果我们想当场看到输出结果,就需要使用Flush()方法,实际输出日志时就不需要了。

    结果:

    查看日志记录:

    nlog 的可以写在app.config 文件

    <nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
      <variable name="logLayout" value="${time}|${assembly-version}|${pad:padding=5:inner=${level:uppercase=true}}|${pad:padding=20:inner=${logger:shortName=true}}|${message}|${exception:format=toString,Data:maxInnerExceptionLevel=1};" />
      <targets async="true">
        <target name="asyncFile" xsi:type="File" fileName="${basedir}/logfile_${shortdate}.log" layout="${logLayout}" concurrentWrites="true" keepFileOpen="false" archiveAboveSize="10240000" maxArchiveFiles="100" archiveEvery="Day" />
        <target name="debugger" xsi:type="Debugger" layout="NLog: ${date:format=HH\:mm\:ss} | ${level:uppercase=true:padding=-5} | ${message}" />
      </targets>

      <rules>
        <!--TRACE,DEBUG,INFO,WARN,ERROR,FATAL-->
        <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="asyncFile" />
      </rules>
    </nlog>

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bruce1992/p/15691969.html
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