Python操作git

一、Git版本管理

很多公司在使用git的tag进行版本的管理。

git tag -n                          查看本地Tag
git tag -l 'v1.4.2.*'               查看本地Tag，模糊匹配
git show v1.0                       查看
 
git tag -a v1.0 -m '版本介绍'        本地创建Tag
git tag -d v1.0                     删除Tag
git checkout v.10                   切换tag
 
git push origin  --tags             推送本地tag到远程
git pull origin  --tags             获取远程tag
 
git clone -b v0.10  http://...      指定版本克隆代码

二、Python操作git

"""
基于Python实现对git仓库进行操作，使用前需要安装模块：gitpython
    pip3 install gitpython
"""
 
# ############## 1. clone下载代码 ##############
"""
import os
from git.repo import Repo
 
download_path = os.path.join('code', 'fuck')
Repo.clone_from('https://gitee.com/wupeiqi/fuck.git', to_path=download_path, branch='master')
"""
 
# ############## 2. pull最新代码 ##############
"""
import os
from git.repo import Repo
 
local_path = os.path.join('code', 'fuck')
repo = Repo(local_path)
repo.git.pull()
"""
# ############## 3. 获取所有分支 ##############
"""
import os
from git.repo import Repo
 
local_path = os.path.join('code', 'fuck')
repo = Repo(local_path)
 
branches = repo.remote().refs
for item in branches:
    print(item.remote_head)
"""
# ############## 4. 获取所有版本 ##############
"""
import os
from git.repo import Repo
 
local_path = os.path.join('code', 'fuck')
repo = Repo(local_path)
 
for tag in repo.tags:
    print(tag.name)
"""
 
# ############## 5. 获取所有commit ##############
"""
import os
from git.repo import Repo
 
local_path = os.path.join('code', 'fuck')
repo = Repo(local_path)
 
commit_log = repo.git.log('--pretty={"commit":"%h","author":"%an","summary":"%s","date":"%cd"}', max_count=50,
                          date='format:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
log_list = commit_log.split("
")
real_log_list = [eval(item) for item in log_list]
print(real_log_list)
"""
 
# ############## 6. 切换分支 ##############
"""
import os
from git.repo import Repo
 
local_path = os.path.join('code', 'fuck')
repo = Repo(local_path)
 
before = repo.git.branch()
print(before)
repo.git.checkout('master')
after = repo.git.branch()
print(after)
repo.git.reset('--hard', '854ead2e82dc73b634cbd5afcf1414f5b30e94a8')
"""
 
# ############## 7. 打包代码 ##############
"""
with open(os.path.join('code', 'fuck.tar'), 'wb') as fp:
    repo.archive(fp)
"""

import os
from git.repo import Repo
from git.repo.fun import is_git_dir


class GitRepository(object):
    """
    git仓库管理
    """

    def __init__(self, local_path, repo_url, branch='master'):
        self.local_path = local_path
        self.repo_url = repo_url
        self.repo = None
        self.initial(repo_url, branch)

    def initial(self, repo_url, branch):
        """
        初始化git仓库
        :param repo_url:
        :param branch:
        :return:
        """
        if not os.path.exists(self.local_path):
            os.makedirs(self.local_path)

        git_local_path = os.path.join(self.local_path, '.git')
        if not is_git_dir(git_local_path):
            self.repo = Repo.clone_from(repo_url, to_path=self.local_path, branch=branch)
        else:
            self.repo = Repo(self.local_path)

    def pull(self):
        """
        从线上拉最新代码
        :return:
        """
        self.repo.git.pull()

    def branches(self):
        """
        获取所有分支
        :return:
        """
        branches = self.repo.remote().refs
        return [item.remote_head for item in branches if item.remote_head not in ['HEAD', ]]


    def commits(self):
        """
        获取所有提交记录
        :return:
        """
        commit_log = self.repo.git.log('--pretty={"commit":"%h","author":"%an","summary":"%s","date":"%cd"}',
                                       max_count=50,
                                       date='format:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
        log_list = commit_log.split("
")
        return [eval(item) for item in log_list]

    def tags(self):
        """
        获取所有tag
        :return:
        """
        return [tag.name for tag in self.repo.tags]

    def change_to_branch(self, branch):
        """
        切换分值
        :param branch:
        :return:
        """
        self.repo.git.checkout(branch)

    def change_to_commit(self, branch, commit):
        """
        切换commit
        :param branch:
        :param commit:
        :return:
        """
        self.change_to_branch(branch=branch)
        self.repo.git.reset('--hard', commit)

    def change_to_tag(self, tag):
        """
        切换tag
        :param tag:
        :return:
        """
        self.repo.git.checkout(tag)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    local_path = os.path.join('codes', 'luffycity')
    repo = GitRepository(local_path, 'https://gitee.com/wupeiqi/fuck.git')
    branch_list = repo.branches()
    print(branch_list)
    repo.change_to_branch('dev')
    repo.pull()

三、Python解压缩文件

在py2和py3中对文件进行解压缩稍有不同。

• shutil 模块【压缩支持py2和py3，解压只支持py3】
• tarfile / zipfile模块【支持py2和py3】 

import shutil

# 文件压缩
"""
ret = shutil.make_archive(
    base_name="code/www",  # 压缩包文件路劲
    format='zip',  # “zip”, “tar”
    root_dir='code/fuck'  # 被压缩的文件件
)
print(ret)
"""

# 解压文件
"""
shutil._unpack_zipfile('code/www.zip', 'code/new')
shutil._unpack_tarfile('code/www.tar', 'code/new')
"""

import zipfile

# 压缩
z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w')
z.write('a.log')
z.write('data.data')
z.close()

# 解压
z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r')
z.extractall()
z.close()

import tarfile

# 压缩
tar = tarfile.open('your.tar', 'w')
tar.add('utils/codes/luffycity/a1.py')
tar.add('utils/codes/luffycity/a3.py')
tar.close()

# 解压
tar = tarfile.TarFile('code/www.tar', 'r')
tar.extractall(path='/code/x1/')  # 可设置解压地址
tar.close()

四、执行本地命令

import subprocess
 
result = subprocess.check_output('ls -l', cwd='/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects', shell=True)
print(result.decode('utf-8'), type(result))

五、Paramiko执行远程操作

import paramiko
 
 
class SSHProxy(object):
 
    def __init__(self, hostname, port, username, private_key_path):
        self.hostname = hostname
        self.port = port
        self.username = username
        self.private_key_path = private_key_path
 
        self.transport = None
 
    def open(self):
        private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(self.private_key_path)
        self.transport = paramiko.Transport((self.hostname, self.port))
        self.transport.connect(username=self.username, pkey=private_key)
 
    def close(self):
        self.transport.close()
 
    def command(self, cmd):
        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        ssh._transport = self.transport
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
        result = stdout.read()
        #ssh.close()
        return result
 
    def upload(self, local_path, remote_path):
        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.transport)
        sftp.put(local_path, remote_path)
        sftp.close()
 
    def __enter__(self):
        self.open()
        return self
 
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.close()
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    with SSHProxy('10.211.55.25', 22, 'root', '/Users/wupeiqi/.ssh/id_rsa') as ssh:
        # v1 = ssh.command('sudo ifconfig')
        # print(v1)
        ssh.upload('your.tar', '/data/your.tar')　　

六、杀进程

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import os
import signal
import subprocess
 
output = subprocess.check_output("pgrep -f python", shell=True)
pid_list = map(int, output.split())
for pid in pid_list:
    os.kill(pid, signal.SIGKILL)

七、其他

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
"""
SaltAPI推送文件
"""

# #### 基于SSH：API ####
"""
from salt.client.ssh.client import SSHClient
client = SSHClient()

# 执行命令
# result = client.cmd('*', 'cmd.run', ('ls',))

# 调用grains
# ret = client.cmd('*','grains.items')

# 调用pillar
# ret = client.cmd('*','pillar.items')

# 执行 state
# ret = client.cmd('*','state.sls',('fengfeng','pillar={"xxxx":"luffy"}'))

# 发送文件
# ret = client.cmd('*','cp.get_file',('salt://fengfeng/files/test.conf','/data/s1.conf'))

# 发送文件
# ret = client.cmd('*','cp.get_url',('http://www.pythonav.com/allstatic/imgs/mv/picture/2.jpeg','/data/s1.jpeg'))
"""
# #### 基于Master：API ####
"""
import salt.client
local = salt.client.LocalClient()

# 执行命令
# result = client.cmd('*', 'cmd.run', ('ls',))

# 调用grains
# ret = client.cmd('*','grains.items')

# 调用pillar
# ret = client.cmd('*','pillar.items')

# 执行 state
# ret = client.cmd('*','state.sls',('fengfeng','pillar={"xxxx":"luffy"}'))

# 发送文件
# ret = client.cmd('*','cp.get_file',('salt://fengfeng/files/test.conf','/data/s1.conf'))

# 发送文件
# ret = client.cmd('*','cp.get_url',('http://www.pythonav.com/allstatic/imgs/mv/picture/2.jpeg','/data/s1.jpeg'))
"""

########  1. 执行命令
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import subprocess
import commands

result = subprocess.check_output('ls', cwd='/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects', shell=True)
print(result, type(result))

ret = commands.getoutput("pgrep -f python")
print(ret)

########  2. 解压缩文件
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import shutil

# 文件压缩
"""
ret = shutil.make_archive(
    base_name="/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/deploy27/前戏/wwwwwwwwww",
    format='gztar', # “zip”, “tar”, “bztar”，“gztar”
    root_dir='/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/deploy27/deploy'
)
print(ret)
"""

# 文件解压
import tarfile
import zipfile

# shutil._unpack_zipfile(file.stream, upload_path)
"""
tar = tarfile.open('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/deploy27/前戏/wwwwwwwwww.tar.gz', 'r')
tar.extractall(path='/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/deploy27/前戏/dp/')  # 可设置解压地址
tar.close()
"""

########  3. 遍历文件夹下的所有文件
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import os

for item in os.listdir('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/deploy27/deploy'):
    print(item)

for item in os.walk('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/deploy27/deploy'):
    print(item)

########  4. 重命名和删除
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import shutil

# shutil.move('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/deploy27/deploy1','/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/deploy27/deploy')

# shutil.rmtree('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/deploy27/t')


########  5. 杀进程
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import os
import signal
import subprocess
import commands

output = subprocess.check_output("pgrep -f python", shell=True)
pid_list = map(int, output.split())
for pid in pid_list:
    os.kill(pid, signal.SIGKILL)

########  6. salt推送文件
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
"""
SaltAPI推送文件
"""

# #### 基于SSH：API ####
"""
from salt.client.ssh.client import SSHClient
client = SSHClient()

# 执行命令
# result = client.cmd('*', 'cmd.run', ('ls',))

# 调用grains
# ret = client.cmd('*','grains.items')

# 调用pillar
# ret = client.cmd('*','pillar.items')

# 执行 state
# ret = client.cmd('*','state.sls',('fengfeng','pillar={"xxxx":"luffy"}'))

# 发送文件
# ret = client.cmd('*','cp.get_file',('salt://fengfeng/files/test.conf','/data/s1.conf'))

# 发送文件
# ret = client.cmd('*','cp.get_url',('http://www.pythonav.com/allstatic/imgs/mv/picture/2.jpeg','/data/s1.jpeg'))
"""
# #### 基于Master：API ####
"""
import salt.client
local = salt.client.LocalClient()

# 执行命令
# result = client.cmd('*', 'cmd.run', ('ls',))

# 调用grains
# ret = client.cmd('*','grains.items')

# 调用pillar
# ret = client.cmd('*','pillar.items')

# 执行 state
# ret = client.cmd('*','state.sls',('fengfeng','pillar={"xxxx":"luffy"}'))

# 发送文件
# ret = client.cmd('*','cp.get_file',('salt://fengfeng/files/test.conf','/data/s1.conf'))

# 发送文件
# ret = client.cmd('*','cp.get_url',('http://www.pythonav.com/allstatic/imgs/mv/picture/2.jpeg','/data/s1.jpeg'))
"""