10G安装DataGuard

最后更新时间：2013年8月4日,星期日

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★ oracle 10G安装环境

数据库软件安装环境不详细描述，网上到处有这方面资料，下面只简单描述下。

也可参考官方文档：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/install.102/b15667/pre_install.htm

yum install libXp

oracle用户.bash_profile文件增加

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=primary

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

    ulimit -p 16384

    ulimit -n 65536

  else

    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

  fi

fi

/etc/security/limits.conf中添加以下内容

oracle              soft    nproc   2047

oracle              hard    nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile  1024

oracle              hard    nofile  65536

oracle              soft    stack   10240

/etc/sysctl.conf 增加

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 262144

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

/etc/pam.d/login 增加：

session    required     pam_limits.so

安装第二台oracle，只安装数据库软件，创建监听，不建库；

★ dg配置

准备工作：

1. Enabel Forced Logging

SQL> alter database force logging;

select force_logging from v$database;

2. MOUNT状态下开归档

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> archive log list;

3. 创建 Password File

默认有这文件，直接传到dg2主机目录：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs ，修改文件名为 orapwstandby

4. 配置tnsnames.ora

DG1 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg1.bugbeta.cn)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = primary.bugbeta.cn)

    )

  )

DG2=

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg2.bugbeta.cn)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = standby.bugbeta.cn)

    )

  )

★ 创建standby数据库

DG1：

先生成pfile，修改好，再关实例，使用pfile创建spfile;

create pfile='/tmp/a.pfile' from spfile;

修改pfile:

*.db_unique_name=primary

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)'  --这里写的是db_unique_name

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/oracle/data/primary/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=primary'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=DG2 arch valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=standby'  --这里service写的是tns中配置

--以下为作为standby角色的配置，primary与standby角色互换则需在primary也配置

*.fal_server=DG2  --tns中配置

*.fal_client=DG1  --tns中配置

*.standby_file_management=auto

再使用上述修改好的pfile创建spfile；

创建standby用的control文件

SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/standby.ctl';

select FILE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_data_files;

primary>alter database begin backup;

primary>host scp /oracle/data/orcl/*.dbf dg2:/oracle/data/orcl/

primary>alter database end backup;

DG2:

将控制文件，密码文件，数据文件都复制到standby对应目录；

mkdir -p /oracle/data/standby/arch

echo "db_name=orcl" >/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initstandby.ora

启动数据库到mount(使用修改过的pfile启动)

export ORACLE_SID=standby

SQL> startup pfile='/home/oracle/a.pfile' mount;

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/a.pfile';

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; --应用日志；

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; --开启实时应用日志

--以下仅为作查询服务前操作

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL; --暂停应用日志

alter database open read only; --只读模式开启，可做查询操作；

★ 检查DG物理standby工作是否正常

1. 检查归档日志（DG1,DG2）

col name for a50

set linesize 200

SQL> SELECT NAME,SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE# desc;

2. 强制在DG1上切换日志

DG1> alter system switch logfile;

DG1>select name,SEQUENCE#,STANDBY_DEST,ARCHIVED,APPLIED,DELETED,STATUS,fal from v$archived_log order by sequence#;

检查日志传输到DG2且是否已应用：

DG2>select name,SEQUENCE#,STANDBY_DEST,ARCHIVED,APPLIED,DELETED,STATUS,fal from v$archived_log order by sequence#;

★ 常用视图

最最常用的两个视图：

Select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest; --检查DG配置spfile是否正确

select name,SEQUENCE#,STANDBY_DEST,ARCHIVED,APPLIED,DELETED,STATUS,fal from v$archived_log; --检查standby日志应用情况 

SELECT DESTINATION, STATUS, ARCHIVED_THREAD#, ARCHIVED_SEQ# FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS; --检查最近归档在各destination状态

Select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest; --可检查LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2是否设置正确；

select name,SEQUENCE#,STANDBY_DEST,ARCHIVED,APPLIED,DELETED,STATUS,fal from v$archived_log order by sequence#; --检查日志状态 物理standby

SELECT SEQUENCE#,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE#,TIMESTAMP,APPLIED FROM DBA_LOGSTDBY_LOG; --检查日志应用状态 逻辑standby

select THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,STATUS from v$managed_standby;

select THREAD# ,SEQUENCE#,STATUS,ARCHIVED from v$standby_log;

select FACILITY,SEVERITY,MESSAGE from v$dataguard_status;

SELECT EVENT_TIME,STATUS,EVENT FROM DBA_LOGSTDBY_EVENTS ORDER BY EVENT_TIMESTAMP;

select * from V$LOGSTDBY_STATE; --逻辑Standby是否启用实时应用；

SELECT * FROM V$ARCHIVE_GAP;  --查看GAP

参考

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14239/create_ps.htm#i68626 创建物理standby

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/backup.111/b28273/rcmsubcl010.htm  %s之类格式说明

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14239/log_transport.htm#i1008089  redo传输检查