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  • mysql常用 查询(语法)

    基础查询

    1.查询一张表: select * from 表名;

    2.查询指定字段: select 字段1,字段2,字段3....from 表名;

    3.where条件查询:select 字段1,字段2,字段3 frome 表名 where 条件表达式;

    例:select * from t_studect where id=1;
            select * from t_student where age>22;
    

    4.带in关键字查询: select 字段1,字段2 frome 表名 where 字段 [not]in(元素1,元素2);

    例: select * from t_student where age in (21,23);
             select * from t_student where age not in (21,23);
    

    5.带between and的范围查询: select 字段1,字段2 frome 表名 where 字段 [not]between 取值1 and 取值2;

    例:select * frome t_student where age between 21 and 29;
            select * frome t_student where age not between 21 and 29;
    

    6.带like的模糊查询: select 字段1,字段2... frome 表名 where 字段 [not] like '字符串';
    “%”代表任意字符;
    “_"代表单个字符;

    例: select * frome t_student where stuName like '张三'';
             select * frome t_student where stuName like '张三%'';
              select * frome t_student where stuName like '%张三%'';//含有张三的任意字符
             select * frome t_student where stuName like '张三_''
    

    7.空值查询: select 字段1,字段2... frome 表名 where 字段 is[not] null;

    8.带and的多条件查询:
    select 字段1,字段2... frome 表名 where 条件表达式1 and 条件表达式2 [and 条件表达式n]
    例: select * frome t_student where gradeName='一年级' and age=23;

    9.带or的多条件查询
    select 字段1,字段2... frome 表名 where 条件表达式1 or 条件表达式2 [or 条件表达式n]
    例: select * frome t_student where gradeName='一年级' or age=23;//或者,条件只要满足一个

    10.distinct去重复查询:select distinct 字段名 from 表名;

    11.对查询结果排序order by:select 字段1,字段2...from 表名 order by 属性名 [asc|desc]
    例: select * frome t_student order by age desc;//降序,从大到小
    select * frome t_student order by age asc;//升序,asc默认可以不写

    12.分组查询group by

    group by 属性名 [having 条件表达式][with rollup]

    1.单独使用(毫无意义,不能单独使用);

    2.与group_concat()函数一起使用;

    例:select gradeName,group_concat(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName;
    

    3.与聚合函数一起使用;

    例:select gradeName,count(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName;
    

    4.与having一起使用(显示输出的结果);

    例:select gradeName,count(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName having count(stuName)>3 ;
    

    5.与with rollup 一起使用(最后加入一个总和行);

    例:select gradeName,group_concat(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName with rollup;
    

    多表连接查询

    1.内连接查询(两张或以上的表连接起来查询需要的数据)

    2.外连接查询( 两张或以上的表连接起来 查询某张表的信息)

    3.左连接查询
    select * from t_book left join t_bookType on t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
    查出表一(左边表)t_book的数据全部查出 表二没有的字段用null代替

    4.右连接查询
    select * from t_book right join t_bookType on t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
    查出表二(右边表)的所有信息,表一没有的用null代替

    子查询

    1.带 in关键字的子查询(一个查询语句的条件可能落在另一个select语句的查询结果中)

    select * from t_book where bookType  in(select id from t_bookType);
    select * from t_book where bookType  not in(select id from t_bookType);
    

    2.带比较运算符的子查询(子查询可以使用比较运算符)

    select * from t_book where price >=(select price from t_priceLevel where priceLevel=1);
    

    3.带exists关键字的子查询(加入子查询查询到记录,则进行外层查询,否则,不执行外层查询)

    select * from t_book where  exists(select * from t_booktype);
    select * from t_book where  not exists(select * from t_booktype);
    

    4.带any关键字的子查询(any关键字表示满足其中任一条件)

    select * from t_book where price >= any(select price from t_priceLevel);
    

    5.带all关键字的子查询(all关键字表示满足所有条件)

    select * from t_book where price >= all(select price from t_priceLevel);
    

    合并查询

    1.union
    使用union关键字是,数据库系统会将所有的查询结果合并到一起,然后去掉相同的记录;

    select id from t_book  union select id from t_bookType;
    

    2.union all
    使用union all,不会去除掉重复的记录;

    select id from t_book  union all select id from t_bookType;
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/caibaotimes/p/13722176.html
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