前言
django发邮件的功能很简单,只需简单的配置即可,发邮件的代码里面已经封装好了,调用send_mail()函数就可以了
实现多个邮件发送可用用send_mass_mail()函数
send_mail()函数
先导入send_mail函数
from django.core.mail import send_mail
进入源码里面看看具体函数对应的参数
subject, message, from_email, 和recipinet_list 这四个参数是必须的。
subject:字符串,邮件标题
message:字符串,邮件内容
from_email:字符串,发件邮箱
recipinet_list:list列表,列表中每个成员都有一个邮箱地址,而且每个收件人都会在"收件人/To:" 栏看到出现在recipient_list中的其他收件人。
faiy_silently:(可选)布尔值。为False时,send_mail会抛出smtplib.SMTPException异常。smtplib文档列出了所有可能的异常。这些异常都是SMTPException的子类。
auth_password:(可选)SMTP服务器的认证密码,没提供该参数的情况下,Django会使用EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD配置项的设置。
connection:(可选)发送邮件的后端。没提供该参数的情况下,Django会使用默认后端的实例。
html_messages:(可选)send_mail方法独有,可以比较简单地实现一个html文本的传输。
def send_mail(subject, message, from_email, recipient_list, fail_silently=False, auth_user=None, auth_password=None, connection=None, html_message=None): """ Easy wrapper for sending a single message to a recipient list. All members of the recipient list will see the other recipients in the 'To' field. If auth_user is None, use the EMAIL_HOST_USER setting. If auth_password is None, use the EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD setting. Note: The API for this method is frozen. New code wanting to extend the functionality should use the EmailMessage class directly. """ connection = connection or get_connection( username=auth_user, password=auth_password, fail_silently=fail_silently, ) mail = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, message, from_email, recipient_list, connection=connection) if html_message: mail.attach_alternative(html_message, 'text/html') return mail.send()
settings.py配置
发送邮件之前先在setting.py配置文件里面配置相关的邮箱信息,比如我这里是用的QQ邮箱,使用SSL加密方式,需要授权登录(至于如何获取授权码,可以在QQ邮箱设置里面开启,发送短信“配置邮件客户端”到1069070069)
EMAIL_BACKEND='django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend' EMAIL_USE_SSL=True #SSL加密方式 EMAIL_HOST='smtp.qq.com' #发送邮件的邮箱的SMTP服务器, EMAIL_PORT=465 #SMTP服务器端口 EMAIL_HOST_USER='371933505@qq.com' #发件人 EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD='abcejkkljkl' #密码(这里使用的是授权码) EMAIL_FROM='hui<371933505@qq.com>' #邮件显示的发件人
如果是其它的企业邮箱,直接密码登录的话,使用TLS方式
EMAIL_USE_SSL = True EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.xx.com' # 如果是其它企业邮箱 EMAIL_PORT = 25 EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'xxx@xx.com' # 帐号 EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '**********' # 密码 EMAIL_FROM = 'yoyo<xx@xx.com>' # 邮件显示的发件人
EMAIL_USE_SSL和EMAIL_USE_TLS是互斥的,只能有一个为True。
views.py里面写个视图函数,调用发送邮件的功能
#coding:utf-8 from django.http import HttpResponse from django.core.mail import send_mail def mail(request): send_mail('发工资了', #主题 "今天是10号", #正文 '371933505@qq.com', #发件人 ['371933505@qq.com','155271040@163.com'], #收件人 fail_silently=False) return HttpResponse('邮件发送成功,收不到就去垃圾桶中找!')
urls.py写个访问地址触发发邮件
# coding:utf-8 from django.conf.urls import url from tb import views urlpatterns = [ # 新增用户 url(r'^register/', views.register), url(r'^login/', views.login), url('^chpwd/',views.reset_pwd), url('^sendmail',views.mail), ]
浏览器上访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/sendmail后,就能收到邮件了。
前面讲的send_mail()函数只能发送一个邮件,如果想实现发送多个邮件,可以用send_mass_mail()函数。
send_mass_mail函数
先导入
from django.core.mail import send_mass_mail
查看对应的源码
def send_mass_mail(datatuple, fail_silently=False, auth_user=None, auth_password=None, connection=None): """ Given a datatuple of (subject, message, from_email, recipient_list), send
给定tuple数据类型(subject,message,from_email,recipient_list),发送每封邮件 each message to each recipient list. Return the number of emails sent. 到每个收件人列表。返回发送的电子邮件数量。 If from_email is None, use the DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL setting.
如果from_email为None,请使用DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL设置 If auth_user and auth_password are set, use them to log in.
如果设置了auth_user和auth_password,请使用他们登录 If auth_user is None, use the EMAIL_HOST_USER setting.
如果auth_user为None,请使用EMAIL_HOST_USER设置。 If auth_password is None, use the EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD setting. 如果auth_password为None,请使用EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD设置。 Note: The API for this method is frozen. New code wanting to extend the functionality should use the EmailMessage class directly.
注意:此方法的API已冻结。想要扩展的新代码功能应该直接使用EmailMessage类 """ connection = connection or get_connection( username=auth_user, password=auth_password, fail_silently=fail_silently, ) messages = [ EmailMessage(subject, message, sender, recipient, connection=connection) for subject, message, sender, recipient in datatuple ] return connection.send_messages(messages)
从上面介绍可以看出,需传元组类型的数据,如果想实现更多的给你可以用EmailMessage类;
发送多个邮件
多个邮件的配置信息放到了一个元组里面,传给datatuple参数,代码实现如下;
#coding:utf-8 from django.http import HttpResponse from django.core.mail import send_mass_mail def mails(request): msg1=('别克跑', '20201212别克3km跑步', '371505@qq.com', ['155240@163.com']) msg2 = ('跨年跑', '20201231跨年5km跑步', '37505@qq.com', ['373505@qq.com']) send_mass_mail((msg1,msg2),fail_silently=False) return HttpResponse("邮件发送成功!")