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  • C# WebClient调用WebService

    WebClient调用WebService

    (文末下载完整代码)

    先上代码:

          object[] inObjects = new[] { "14630, 14631" };
          HttpWebClient wc = new HttpWebClient(2300);
          var result1 = WebServiceClientHelper.InvokeWebService("ESBService_TEST", "http://localhost/ESBService/VitalSign.svc?wsdl", "QueryVocabSet", inObjects, wc);
          WriteLine(result1.ToString());
        public class HttpWebClient : WebClient
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 初始化需要设置超时时间,以毫秒为单位
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="timeout">毫秒为单位</param>
            public HttpWebClient(int timeout)
            {
                Timeout = timeout;
            }
    
            public int Timeout { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 重写 GetWebRequest,添加 WebRequest 对象超时时间
            /// </summary>
            protected override WebRequest GetWebRequest(Uri address)
            {
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)base.GetWebRequest(address);
                request.Timeout = Timeout;
                request.ReadWriteTimeout = Timeout;
                return request;
            }
        }

      HttpWebRequest 改造依据:

    WebClient

    HttpWebRequest

    提供用于将数据发送到由 URI 标识的资源及从这样的资源接收数据的常用方法。

    public class HttpWebRequest : WebRequest, ISerializable

    Assembly location:

    C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv4.0.30319System.dll

    Assembly location:

    C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv4.0.30319System.dll

        protected virtual WebRequest GetWebRequest(Uri address)
        {
          WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(address);
          this.CopyHeadersTo(request);
          if (this.Credentials != null)
            request.Credentials = this.Credentials;
          if (this.m_Method != null)
            request.Method = this.m_Method;
          if (this.m_ContentLength != -1L)
            request.ContentLength = this.m_ContentLength;
          if (this.m_ProxySet)
            request.Proxy = this.m_Proxy;
          if (this.m_CachePolicy != null)
            request.CachePolicy = this.m_CachePolicy;
          return request;
        }
    
        protected virtual WebResponse GetWebResponse(WebRequest request)
        {
          WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
          this.m_WebResponse = response;
          return response;
        }
        public class HttpWebClient : WebClient
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 初始化需要设置超时时间,以毫秒为单位
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="timeout">毫秒为单位</param>
            public HttpWebClient(int timeout)
            {
                Timeout = timeout;
            }
    
            public int Timeout { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 重写 GetWebRequest,添加 WebRequest 对象超时时间
            /// </summary>
            protected override WebRequest GetWebRequest(Uri address)
            {
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)base.GetWebRequest(address);
                request.Timeout = Timeout;
                request.ReadWriteTimeout = Timeout;
                return request;
            }
        }

      调用服务处理:

            public static object InvokeWebService(string providerName, string url, string methodName, object[] args, WebClient wc = null)
            {
                object result = null;
    
                if (wc == null) wc = new WebClient();
                using (wc)
                {
                    using (Stream wsdl = wc.OpenRead(url))
                    {
                        var client = GetClient(wsdl, url, methodName, providerName);
                        client.SetValue("Timeout", wsdl.ReadTimeout);
                        result = client.InvokeService(args);
                    }
                }
    
                return result;
            }

      形如这样 http://192.168.2.100:8090/services/dududuTest?wsdl 的地址,

      返回的是 dududuTest 服务下公开的方法,以流的形式,

      代码处理里面需要解读这种流,目前看到的一种方式是,把这个流解读编译成一个动态的dll,利用反射,动态调用方法。

        /// <summary>为从具有 <see cref="T:System.String" /> 指定的 URI 的资源下载的数据打开一个可读的流。</summary>
        /// <returns>一个 <see cref="T:System.IO.Stream" />,用于从资源读取数据。</returns>
        /// <param name="address"><see cref="T:System.String" /> 形式指定的 URI,将从中下载数据。</param>
        public Stream OpenRead(string address)
        {
          if (address == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof (address));
          return this.OpenRead(this.GetUri(address));
        }
    
        /// <summary>为从具有 <see cref="T:System.Uri" /> 指定的 URI 的资源下载的数据打开一个可读的流</summary>
        /// <returns>一个 <see cref="T:System.IO.Stream" />,用于从资源读取数据。</returns>
        /// <param name="address"><see cref="T:System.Uri" /> 形式指定的 URI,将从中下载数据。</param>
        public Stream OpenRead(Uri address)
        {
          if (Logging.On)
            Logging.Enter(Logging.Web, (object) this, nameof (OpenRead), (object) address);
          if (address == (Uri) null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof (address));
          WebRequest request = (WebRequest) null;
          this.ClearWebClientState();
          try
          {
            request = this.m_WebRequest = this.GetWebRequest(this.GetUri(address));
            Stream responseStream = (this.m_WebResponse = this.GetWebResponse(request)).GetResponseStream();
            if (Logging.On)
              Logging.Exit(Logging.Web, (object) this, nameof (OpenRead), (object) responseStream);
            return responseStream;
          }
          catch (Exception ex)
          {
            Exception innerException = ex;
            if (innerException is ThreadAbortException || innerException is StackOverflowException || innerException is OutOfMemoryException)
            {
              throw;
            }
            else
            {
              if (!(innerException is WebException) && !(innerException is SecurityException))
                innerException = (Exception) new WebException(SR.GetString("net_webclient"), innerException);
              WebClient.AbortRequest(request);
              throw innerException;
            }
          }
          finally
          {
            this.CompleteWebClientState();
          }
        }
    View Code

      类 DefaultWebServiceClient 定义:

        public class DefaultWebServiceClient
        {
            Type _type;
            MethodInfo _method;
            object _obj;
    
            public object InvokeService(object[] args)
            {
                object proxy = GetProxy();
                return _method.Invoke(proxy, args);
            }
    
            public void SetValue(string fieldName, object value)
            {
                object proxy = GetProxy();
                PropertyInfo field = _type.GetProperty(fieldName);
                if (field != null)
                    field.SetValue(proxy, value);
            }
    
            public object GetProxy()
            {
                if (_obj == null)
                    _obj = Activator.CreateInstance(_type);
    
                return _obj;
            }
    
            public MethodInfo MethodInfo
            {
                get { return _method; }
            }
    
            public DefaultWebServiceClient(Stream wsdl, string url, string methodname, string providerName)
            {
                if (wsdl == null || (wsdl.CanWrite && wsdl.Length == 0))
                    throw new Exception("Wsdl为空");
    
                try
                {
                    ServiceDescription sd = ServiceDescription.Read(wsdl);
                    ServiceDescriptionImporter sdi = new ServiceDescriptionImporter();
                    sdi.AddServiceDescription(sd, "", "");
                    CodeNamespace cn = new CodeNamespace(string.Format("DefaultWebServiceClient_{0}_{1}", providerName, wsdl.GetHashCode().ToString()));
    
                    DiscoveryClientProtocol dcp = new DiscoveryClientProtocol();
                    dcp.DiscoverAny(url);
                    dcp.ResolveAll();
                    foreach (object osd in dcp.Documents.Values)
                    {
                        if (osd is ServiceDescription) sdi.AddServiceDescription((ServiceDescription)osd, null, null); ;
                        if (osd is XmlSchema) sdi.Schemas.Add((XmlSchema)osd);
                    }
    
                    //生成客户端代理类代码 
                    CodeCompileUnit ccu = new CodeCompileUnit();
                    ccu.Namespaces.Add(cn);
                    sdi.Import(cn, ccu);
                    CSharpCodeProvider csc = new CSharpCodeProvider();
                    ICodeCompiler icc = csc.CreateCompiler();
    
                    //设定编译器的参数 
                    CompilerParameters cplist = new CompilerParameters();
                    cplist.GenerateExecutable = false;
                    cplist.GenerateInMemory = true;
                    cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll");
                    cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.XML.dll");
                    cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Web.Services.dll");
                    cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Data.dll");
    
                    //编译代理类 
                    CompilerResults cr = icc.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu);
                    if (true == cr.Errors.HasErrors)
                    {
                        System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                        foreach (CompilerError ce in cr.Errors)
                        {
                            sb.Append(ce.ToString());
                            sb.Append(System.Environment.NewLine);
                        }
                        throw new Exception(sb.ToString());
                    }
    
                    //生成代理实例,并调用方法 
                    Assembly assembly = cr.CompiledAssembly;
                    Type type = null;
                    foreach (Type t in assembly.GetExportedTypes())
                    {
                        if (t.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(System.Web.Services.WebServiceBindingAttribute), false).Count() > 0)
                        {
                            type = t;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
    
                    MethodInfo mi = null;
    
                    if (type == null)
                    {
                        throw new Exception("从Wsdl中找不到可调用的类型");
                    }
    
                    mi = type.GetMethod(methodname);
                    if (mi == null)
                    {
                        throw new Exception(string.Format("从Wsdl中找不到可调用的方法{0}.{1}", type.Name, methodname));
                    }
                    _type = type;
                    _method = mi;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    throw new Exception("创建WebService客户端失败!", ex);
                }
            }
        }
    View Code

      WebClient 是一个操作 WebRequest 的类型,相当于一个 worker,它把服务器能提供的内容(资源)都以流的形式返回来,供我们调用,

      解读这种流,需要 ServiceDescription 类实例,再将每项加载入 ServiceDescriptionImporter 类的实例中,

      再把它编译成能本地使用的组件,动态地调用,相当于运行时加载了一个dll。

      (注:三种方法调用 webService https://www.jb51.net/article/190211.htm

    验证 1

    验证 2

    新建了一个webClient(服务代理),

    它请求的处理对象默认是webRequest,

    因为webRequest没有TimeOut属性,于是我继承了webCLient,override处理对象为HttpWebRequest

    (注,HttpWebRequest 是 WebRequest的子类)

    新建了一个webClient,

    它请求的处理对象默认是webRequest

    结果

    在完成整个调用当中charles获取了2次http请求,其中:

    第一次:在获取wsdl流的时候,请求包是http请求的get方式;

    第二次:加载动态dll反射调用方法时,请求包是http请求的post方式;

    同左

    webClient真的是一个代理,像一个worker,代码上看似在本地动态引用了第三方的dll,但实际上还是http请求

    就算不写死类型为 HttpWebRequest,识别出来的对象仍然是HttpWebRequest 的实例,这个服务本质提供的就是 http 请求

    待证

    识别为http请求应该是url的前缀是http的原因,如果是ftp://...那么识别出来就应该是ftpWebRequest

      这种 WebClient 的方式应该只适用于取 wsdl 来处理,

      我尝试直接用 HttpWebRequest 用 get 方法取 http://localhost/ESBService/VitalSign.svc?wsdl 的内容,返回了一段服务中的方法说明 xml,

      而我试过直接照着第二次包的请求内容来发 HttpWebRequest,并不能成功(报错500内部服务器出错),可能是我入参处理不对。

      WebClient 方式和直接发 HttpWebRequest 方式应该是互通的,可以互相转换的,

      不过 WebClient 使用 Httpwebrequest 的方式封装了别的处理,某些程度上减少了程序员的工作,总归是数据结构整合的问题,这块就不多研究了。

      WebClient封装 HttpWebRequest 的部分内容(头部等),它还提供了一些方法,

      这里有一个示例,是异步请求,得到响应后触发事件的适用,不过这个实例比较久远了,2008年的:

    https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/archive/blogs/silverlight_sdk/using-webclient-and-httpwebrequest

      .Net当中,WebRequest 与 HttpWebRequest 区别,从名字感觉很相似,反编译结果确实是。

    由客服端构建的(不同协议的)请求发给服务器

    WebRequest

    FtpWebRequest

    FileWebRequest

    HttpWebRequest

    WebSocket

    抽象基类

    继承于WebRequest

    继承于WebRequest

    继承于WebRequest

    抽象基类

    与WebResponse成对存在

    ftp:// 开头

    file:// 开头,一般是打开本机文件,

    形如:

    file:///C:/Users/dududu/0209.pdf

    file://dududu/Share2021/

    http:// 开头

    ws:// 开头

    wss:// 

    Websocket主要是javaScript在页面中使用,不需要像http请求那样等待一整个页面文件返回,只取业务数据。

    点击看看参考

       放一些地址给观察观察,感知请求和接受的运作模式,各有性格,殊途同归:

    http://192.168.8.100:9000/empId=<EmployeeId>&jobId=<JobId>

    get 方式,相当于有这样一个格式的服务地址,可以返回一个超文本内容(网页)或者一些某种格式的数据。

    (我比较好奇是服务器怎么响应网络,光知道配置总显得苍白)

    http://172.18.99.100:8080/yyzx/index.action?userName=<userName>&passWord=<passWord>

    有些网址中这样是等价的,应该是哪里(服务配置、架构配置等)处理到了这个逻辑:

    http://192.168.29.100:8081/emr/index.php/index/emr/getemr?personid=7321446

    http://192.168.29.100:8081/emr/index.php/index/emr/getemr/personid/7321446

    附:点击下载完整代码

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/carmen-019/p/14391357.html
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