整个流程如下：（参考文章：linux安装git方法）
[carsonzhu@localhost 桌面]$ wget https://github.com/git/git/archive/v2.8.3.zip
--2016-05-23 14:43:32-- https://github.com/git/git/archive/v2.8.3.zip
正在解析主机 github.com... 192.30.252.130
正在连接 github.com|192.30.252.130|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 302 Found
位置：https://codeload.github.com/git/git/zip/v2.8.3 [跟随至新的 URL]
--2016-05-23 14:43:34-- https://codeload.github.com/git/git/zip/v2.8.3
正在解析主机 codeload.github.com... 192.30.252.162
正在连接 codeload.github.com|192.30.252.162|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：未指定 [application/zip]
正在保存至: “v2.8.3”
[ <=> ] 7,048,716 1.44M/s in 5.2s
2016-05-23 14:43:40 (1.30 MB/s) - “v2.8.3” 已保存 [7048716]
[root@localhost 桌面]# unzip v2.8.3
[root@localhost 桌面]# cp -r git-2.8.3 /opt/git2.8.3
[root@localhost 桌面]# cd /opt/git2.8.3
[root@localhost git2.8.3]# ls
abspath.c git-sh-i18n.sh run-command.c
aclocal.m4 git-sh-setup.sh run-command.h
advice.c git.spec.in send-pack.c
advice.h git-stash.sh send-pack.h
alias.c git-submodule.sh sequencer.c
alloc.c git-svn.perl sequencer.h
archive.c GIT-VERSION-GEN server-info.c
archive.h gitweb setup.c
archive-tar.c git-web--browse.sh sha1-array.c
archive-zip.c gpg-interface.c sha1-array.h
argv-array.c gpg-interface.h sha1_file.c
argv-array.h graph.c sha1-lookup.c
attr.c graph.h sha1-lookup.h
attr.h grep.c sha1_name.c
base85.c grep.h shallow.c
bisect.c hashmap.c shell.c
bisect.h hashmap.h sh-i18n--envsubst.c
blob.c help.c shortlog.h
blob.h help.h show-index.c
block-sha1 hex.c sideband.c
branch.c http-backend.c sideband.h
branch.h http.c sigchain.c
builtin http-fetch.c sigchain.h
builtin.h http.h split-index.c
bulk-checkin.c http-push.c split-index.h
bulk-checkin.h http-walker.c strbuf.c
bundle.c ident.c strbuf.h
bundle.h imap-send.c streaming.c
cache.h INSTALL streaming.h
cache-tree.c khash.h string-list.c
cache-tree.h kwset.c string-list.h
check_bindir kwset.h submodule.c
check-builtins.sh levenshtein.c submodule-config.c
check-racy.c levenshtein.h submodule-config.h
color.c LGPL-2.1 submodule.h
color.h line-log.c symlinks.c
column.c line-log.h t
column.h line-range.c tag.c
combine-diff.c line-range.h tag.h
command-list.txt list-objects.c tar.h
commit.c list-objects.h tempfile.c
commit.h ll-merge.c tempfile.h
commit-slab.h ll-merge.h templates
compat lockfile.c test-chmtime.c
config.c lockfile.h test-config.c
config.mak.in log-tree.c test-ctype.c
config.mak.uname log-tree.h test-date.c
configure.ac mailinfo.c test-delta.c
connect.c mailinfo.h test-dump-cache-tree.c
connected.c mailmap.c test-dump-split-index.c
connected.h mailmap.h test-dump-untracked-cache.c
connect.h Makefile test-fake-ssh.c
contrib match-trees.c test-genrandom.c
convert.c merge-blobs.c test-hashmap.c
convert.h merge-blobs.h test-index-version.c
copy.c merge.c test-line-buffer.c
COPYING merge-recursive.c test-match-trees.c
credential.c merge-recursive.h test-mergesort.c
credential-cache.c mergesort.c test-mktemp.c
credential-cache--daemon.c mergesort.h test-parse-options.c
credential.h mergetools test-path-utils.c
credential-store.c name-hash.c test-prio-queue.c
csum-file.c notes.c test-read-cache.c
csum-file.h notes-cache.c test-regex.c
ctype.c notes-cache.h test-revision-walking.c
daemon.c notes.h test-run-command.c
date.c notes-merge.c test-scrap-cache-tree.c
decorate.c notes-merge.h test-sha1-array.c
decorate.h notes-utils.c test-sha1.c
delta.h notes-utils.h test-sha1.sh
diff.c object.c test-sigchain.c
diffcore-break.c object.h test-string-list.c
diffcore-delta.c pack-bitmap.c test-submodule-config.c
diffcore.h pack-bitmap.h test-subprocess.c
diffcore-order.c pack-bitmap-write.c test-svn-fe.c
diffcore-pickaxe.c pack-check.c test-urlmatch-normalization.c
diffcore-rename.c pack.h test-wildmatch.c
diff-delta.c pack-objects.c thread-utils.c
diff.h pack-objects.h thread-utils.h
diff-lib.c pack-revindex.c trace.c
diff-no-index.c pack-revindex.h trace.h
dir.c pack-write.c trailer.c
dir.h pager.c trailer.h
Documentation parse-options.c transport.c
editor.c parse-options-cb.c transport.h
entry.c parse-options.h transport-helper.c
environment.c patch-delta.c tree.c
ewah patch-ids.c tree-diff.c
exec_cmd.c patch-ids.h tree.h
exec_cmd.h path.c tree-walk.c
fast-import.c pathspec.c tree-walk.h
fetch-pack.c pathspec.h unicode_width.h
fetch-pack.h perl unimplemented.sh
fmt-merge-msg.h pkt-line.c unix-socket.c
fsck.c pkt-line.h unix-socket.h
fsck.h po unpack-trees.c
generate-cmdlist.sh ppc unpack-trees.h
gettext.c preload-index.c update_unicode.sh
gettext.h pretty.c upload-pack.c
git-add--interactive.perl prio-queue.c url.c
git-archimport.perl prio-queue.h url.h
git-bisect.sh progress.c urlmatch.c
git.c progress.h urlmatch.h
git-compat-util.h prompt.c usage.c
git-cvsexportcommit.perl prompt.h userdiff.c
git-cvsimport.perl quote.c userdiff.h
git-cvsserver.perl quote.h utf8.c
git-difftool--helper.sh reachable.c utf8.h
git-difftool.perl reachable.h varint.c
git-filter-branch.sh read-cache.c varint.h
git-gui README.md vcs-svn
git-instaweb.sh ref-filter.c version.c
gitk-git ref-filter.h versioncmp.c
git-merge-octopus.sh reflog-walk.c version.h
git-merge-one-file.sh reflog-walk.h walker.c
git-merge-resolve.sh refs walker.h
git-mergetool--lib.sh refs.c wildmatch.c
git-mergetool.sh refs.h wildmatch.h
git-p4.py RelNotes worktree.c
git-parse-remote.sh remote.c worktree.h
git-quiltimport.sh remote-curl.c wrap-for-bin.sh
git.rc remote.h wrapper.c
git-rebase--am.sh remote-testsvn.c write_or_die.c
git-rebase--interactive.sh replace_object.c ws.c
git-rebase--merge.sh rerere.c wt-status.c
git-rebase.sh rerere.h wt-status.h
git-relink.perl resolve-undo.c xdiff
git-remote-testgit.sh resolve-undo.h xdiff-interface.c
git-request-pull.sh revision.c xdiff-interface.h
git-send-email.perl revision.h zlib.c
编译安装：
将其安装在“/usr/local/git”目录下
先编译
[root@localhost git2.8.3]# make prefix=/usr/local/git all
GIT_VERSION = 2.8.3
* new build flags CC credential-store.o
/bin/sh: cc: command not found make: *** [credential-store.o] 错误 127
解决方法：安装git依赖的包
[root@localhost git2.8.3]# yum -y install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel gcc perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
再次编译：make prefix=/usr/local/git all就ok了
然后安装
[root@localhost git2.8.3]# make prefix=/usr/local/git install
SUBDIR perl
/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL PREFIX='/usr/local/git' INSTALL_BASE='' --localedir='/usr/local/git/share/locale'
Writing perl.mak for Git
GEN git-add--interactive
GEN git-difftool
GEN git-archimport
GEN git-cvsexportcommit
GEN git-cvsimport
GEN git-cvsserver
GEN git-relink
GEN git-send-email
GEN git-svn
SUBDIR git-gui
SUBDIR gitk-git
SUBDIR perl
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <private-Error.pm >blib/lib/Error.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/SVN/Editor.pm >blib/lib/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/SVN/Migration.pm >blib/lib/Git/SVN/Migration.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/SVN/Log.pm >blib/lib/Git/SVN/Log.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/SVN.pm >blib/lib/Git/SVN.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm >blib/lib/Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/I18N.pm >blib/lib/Git/I18N.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/SVN/Ra.pm >blib/lib/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/SVN/Prompt.pm >blib/lib/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm >blib/lib/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm >blib/lib/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/IndexInfo.pm >blib/lib/Git/IndexInfo.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git/SVN/Utils.pm >blib/lib/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
/usr/bin/perl -pe "s<Q++LOCALEDIR++E></usr/local/git/share/locale>" <Git.pm >blib/lib/Git.pm
SUBDIR templates
install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/git/bin'
install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/git/libexec/git-core'
install git-credential-store git-daemon git-fast-import git-http-backend git-imap-send git-sh-i18n--envsubst git-shell git-show-index git-upload-pack git-remote-testsvn git-http-fetch git-http-push git-credential-cache git-credential-cache--daemon git-remote-http git-remote-https git-remote-ftp git-remote-ftps git-bisect git-difftool--helper git-filter-branch git-merge-octopus git-merge-one-file git-merge-resolve git-mergetool git-quiltimport git-rebase git-request-pull git-stash git-submodule git-web--browse git-add--interactive git-difftool git-archimport git-cvsexportcommit git-cvsimport git-cvsserver git-relink git-send-email git-svn git-p4 git-instaweb '/usr/local/git/libexec/git-core'
install -m 644 git-mergetool--lib git-parse-remote git-rebase--am git-rebase--interactive git-rebase--merge git-sh-setup git-sh-i18n '/usr/local/git/libexec/git-core'
install git git-upload-pack git-receive-pack git-upload-archive git-shell git-cvsserver '/usr/local/git/bin'
make -C templates DESTDIR='' install
make[1]: Entering directory `/opt/git2.8.3/templates'
install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/git/share/git-core/templates'
(cd blt && tar cf - .) |
(cd '/usr/local/git/share/git-core/templates' && umask 022 && tar xof -)
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/git2.8.3/templates'
install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/git/libexec/git-core/mergetools'
install -m 644 mergetools/* '/usr/local/git/libexec/git-core/mergetools'
install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/git/share/locale'
(cd po/build/locale && tar cf - .) |
(cd '/usr/local/git/share/locale' && umask 022 && tar xof -)
make -C perl prefix='/usr/local/git' DESTDIR='' install
make[1]: Entering directory `/opt/git2.8.3/perl'
make[2]: Entering directory `/opt/git2.8.3/perl'
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Error.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/SVN.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/I18N.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/IndexInfo.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/SVN/Log.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/SVN/Migration.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/perl5/Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/man/man3/Git.3pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/man/man3/Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML.3pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/man/man3/Git::SVN::Ra.3pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/man/man3/Git::SVN::Fetcher.3pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/man/man3/private-Error.3pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/man/man3/Git::SVN::Prompt.3pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/man/man3/Git::SVN::Utils.3pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/man/man3/Git::SVN::Editor.3pm
Installing /usr/local/git/share/man/man3/Git::I18N.3pm
Appending installation info to /usr/local/git/lib64/perl5/perllocal.pod
make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/git2.8.3/perl'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/git2.8.3/perl'
make -C gitweb install
make[1]: Entering directory `/opt/git2.8.3/gitweb'
make[2]: Entering directory `/opt/git2.8.3'
make[2]: “GIT-VERSION-FILE”是最新的。
make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/git2.8.3'
GEN gitweb.cgi
GEN static/gitweb.js
install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/git/share/gitweb'
install -m 755 gitweb.cgi '/usr/local/git/share/gitweb'
install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/git/share/gitweb/static'
install -m 644 static/gitweb.js static/gitweb.css static/git-logo.png static/git-favicon.png '/usr/local/git/share/gitweb/static'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/git2.8.3/gitweb'
make -C gitk-git install
make[1]: Entering directory `/opt/git2.8.3/gitk-git'
install -m 755 gitk-wish '/usr/local/git/bin'/gitk
install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs'
install -m 644 po/bg.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/ca.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/de.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/es.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/fr.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/hu.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/it.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/ja.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/pt_br.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/ru.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/sv.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/vi.msg '/usr/local/git/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && true
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/git2.8.3/gitk-git'
make -C git-gui gitexecdir='/usr/local/git/libexec/git-core' install
make[1]: Entering directory `/opt/git2.8.3/git-gui'
DEST /usr/local/git/libexec/git-core
INSTALL 755 git-gui
INSTALL 755 git-gui--askpass
LINK git-citool -> git-gui
DEST /usr/local/git/share/git-gui/lib
INSTALL 644 tclIndex
INSTALL 644 about.tcl
INSTALL 644 blame.tcl
INSTALL 644 branch_checkout.tcl
INSTALL 644 branch_create.tcl
INSTALL 644 branch_delete.tcl
INSTALL 644 branch_rename.tcl
INSTALL 644 branch.tcl
INSTALL 644 browser.tcl
INSTALL 644 checkout_op.tcl
INSTALL 644 choose_font.tcl
INSTALL 644 choose_repository.tcl
INSTALL 644 choose_rev.tcl
INSTALL 644 class.tcl
INSTALL 644 commit.tcl
INSTALL 644 console.tcl
INSTALL 644 database.tcl
INSTALL 644 date.tcl
INSTALL 644 diff.tcl
INSTALL 644 encoding.tcl
INSTALL 644 error.tcl
INSTALL 644 index.tcl
INSTALL 644 line.tcl
INSTALL 644 logo.tcl
INSTALL 644 merge.tcl
INSTALL 644 mergetool.tcl
INSTALL 644 option.tcl
INSTALL 644 remote_add.tcl
INSTALL 644 remote_branch_delete.tcl
INSTALL 644 remote.tcl
INSTALL 644 search.tcl
INSTALL 644 shortcut.tcl
INSTALL 644 spellcheck.tcl
INSTALL 644 sshkey.tcl
INSTALL 644 status_bar.tcl
INSTALL 644 themed.tcl
INSTALL 644 tools_dlg.tcl
INSTALL 644 tools.tcl
INSTALL 644 transport.tcl
INSTALL 644 win32.tcl
INSTALL 644 git-gui.ico
INSTALL 644 win32_shortcut.js
DEST /usr/local/git/share/git-gui/lib/msgs
INSTALL 644 bg.msg
INSTALL 644 de.msg
INSTALL 644 el.msg
INSTALL 644 fr.msg
INSTALL 644 hu.msg
INSTALL 644 it.msg
INSTALL 644 ja.msg
INSTALL 644 nb.msg
INSTALL 644 pt_br.msg
INSTALL 644 ru.msg
INSTALL 644 sv.msg
INSTALL 644 vi.msg
INSTALL 644 zh_cn.msg
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/git2.8.3/git-gui'
bindir=$(cd '/usr/local/git/bin' && pwd) &&
execdir=$(cd '/usr/local/git/libexec/git-core' && pwd) &&
{ test "$bindir/" = "$execdir/" ||
for p in git git-shell git-upload-pack git-cvsserver; do
rm -f "$execdir/$p" &&
test -z "" &&
ln "$bindir/$p" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null ||
cp "$bindir/$p" "$execdir/$p" || exit;
done;
} &&
for p in git-receive-pack git-upload-archive; do
rm -f "$bindir/$p" &&
test -z "" &&
ln "$bindir/git" "$bindir/$p" 2>/dev/null ||
ln -s "git" "$bindir/$p" 2>/dev/null ||
cp "$bindir/git" "$bindir/$p" || exit;
done &&
for p in git-add git-am git-annotate git-apply git-archive git-bisect--helper git-blame git-branch git-bundle git-cat-file git-check-attr git-check-ignore git-check-mailmap git-check-ref-format git-checkout-index git-checkout git-clean git-clone git-column git-commit-tree git-commit git-config git-count-objects git-credential git-describe git-diff-files git-diff-index git-diff-tree git-diff git-fast-export git-fetch-pack git-fetch git-fmt-merge-msg git-for-each-ref git-fsck git-gc git-get-tar-commit-id git-grep git-hash-object git-help git-index-pack git-init-db git-interpret-trailers git-log git-ls-files git-ls-remote git-ls-tree git-mailinfo git-mailsplit git-merge git-merge-base git-merge-file git-merge-index git-merge-ours git-merge-recursive git-merge-tree git-mktag git-mktree git-mv git-name-rev git-notes git-pack-objects git-pack-redundant git-pack-refs git-patch-id git-prune-packed git-prune git-pull git-push git-read-tree git-receive-pack git-reflog git-remote git-remote-ext git-remote-fd git-repack git-replace git-rerere git-reset git-rev-list git-rev-parse git-revert git-rm git-send-pack git-shortlog git-show-branch git-show-ref git-stripspace git-submodule--helper git-symbolic-ref git-tag git-unpack-file git-unpack-objects git-update-index git-update-ref git-update-server-info git-upload-archive git-var git-verify-commit git-verify-pack git-verify-tag git-worktree git-write-tree git-cherry git-cherry-pick git-format-patch git-fsck-objects git-init git-merge-subtree git-show git-stage git-status git-whatchanged; do
rm -f "$execdir/$p" &&
test -z "" &&
ln "$execdir/git" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null ||
ln -s "git" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null ||
cp "$execdir/git" "$execdir/$p" || exit;
done &&
remote_curl_aliases="git-remote-https git-remote-ftp git-remote-ftps" &&
for p in $remote_curl_aliases; do
rm -f "$execdir/$p" &&
test -z "" &&
ln "$execdir/git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null ||
ln -s "git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null ||
cp "$execdir/git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" || exit;
done &&
./check_bindir "z$bindir" "z$execdir" "$bindir/git-add"
查看git所在的路径：
[root@localhost git2.8.3]# whereis git
git: /usr/local/git
[root@localhost etc]# cd /usr/local/git/bin
查看新安装的git版本号：
[root@localhost bin]# ./git --version
git version 2.8.3
其他可参考文章：centos编译安装git最新版本