不应该做什么
官网原文：
Installation Instructions
Linux Install
These instructions explain how to install Anaconda on a Linux system.
After downloading the Anaconda installer, run the following command from a terminal:
bash Anaconda-2.x.x-Linux-x86[_64].sh
After accepting the license terms, you will be asked to specify the install location (which defaults to ~/anaconda).
Note: You do NOT need root privileges to install Anaconda, if you select a user writable install location, such as ~/anaconda.* After the self extraction is finished, you should add the anaconda binary directory to your PATH environment variable.
As all of Anaconda is contained in a single directory, uninstalling Anaconda is easy (you simply remove the entire install location directory).
虽然原文里写You do NOT need root privileges to install Anaconda，其实根本不应该使用root权限（或者sudo）。
如果使用sudo ./Anaconda-2.x.x-Linux-x86[_64].sh的方式安装，则用户失去了anaconda文件夹的写入权限，只剩下执行权限，这样会导致使用pip或者conda安装软件时无法写入软件包！！！
安装程序做了什么
如果是以默认路径安装anaconda，安装程序会在安装过程中修改～/.bashrc文件，加上了下面一行命令：
export PATH="/home/ric/anaconda/bin:$PATH"