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  • Django中组合搜索功能

    需求分析

    很多电商网站中有组合搜索的功能,所谓组合搜索就是网页中组合多个条件,对数据库中进行查询,并且将结果显示在页面中,看个例子吧:
    组合search

    注意红框中的标识,我们可以根据URL来做组合搜索.

    video-3-1-1.html 使用split可以将三个数字取到,
    第一位数字:	分类
    第二位数字:	课程名称
    第三位数字:	级别
    

    分析到这里,我们就可以进行下一步了.

    Code分析

    urls.py

    首先,如果想把url按我们的需求取出来,我们可以在urls.py中设置:

    from app01 import views
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
        # url(r'^student/', views.student),
        url(r'^video-(?P<direction_id>d+)-(?P<classfication_id>d+)-(?P<level_id>d+).html', views.video),
    ]
    

    说明下,这里是本身的正则表达式的语法,先分组,并且赋予了变量

    
    1.此处的(?P<name>…),和普通的(?…):
    
    基本类似。区别在于,此处由于是给此group命名了,所以,后续(同一正则表达式内和搜索后得到的Match对象中),都可以通过此group的名字而去引用此group。
    
    2. group的名字,当前需要是正常的Python标识符,即字母,数字,下划线等,即,没有特殊的字符。
    
    3.同一正则表达式内,每个group的组名,是唯一的,不能重复。
    
    4. 虽然此处group内命名了,但是其仍然和普通的
    
    

    这样,我们就可以在后续的代码中用到这些了!

    modles.py

    from django.db import models
    
    # 技术方向,
    class Direction(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField(verbose_name='名称', max_length=32)
    
        classification = models.ManyToManyField('Classification')
    
        class Meta:
            db_table = 'Direction'
            verbose_name_plural = u'方向(视频方向)'
    
        def __str__(self):
            return self.name
    
    
    # 技术分类、语言
    class Classification(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField(verbose_name='名称', max_length=32)
    
        class Meta:
            db_table = 'Classification'
            verbose_name_plural = u'分类(视频分类)'
    
        def __str__(self):
            return self.name
    
    
    # 技术视频,
    class Video(models.Model):
        level_choice = (
            (1, u'初级'),
            (2, u'中级'),
            (3, u'高级'),
        )
        level = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='级别', choices=level_choice, default=1)
    
        classification = models.ForeignKey('Classification', null=True, blank=True)
    
        title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)
        summary = models.CharField(verbose_name='简介', max_length=32)
        img = models.ImageField(verbose_name='图片', upload_to='./static/images/Video/')
        href = models.CharField(verbose_name='视频地址', max_length=256)
    
        create_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    
        class Meta:
            db_table = 'Video'
            verbose_name_plural = u'视频'
    
        def __str__(self):
            return self.title
    

    技术方向:多对多技术分类

    技术视频:一对多技术分类

    views.py

    from django.shortcuts import render
    from app01 import models
    # Create your views here.
    
    def video(request,**kwargs):
        #在url.py中已经设置,结果为:{'direction_id': '3', 'classfication_id': '4', 'level_id': '1'}
        print(kwargs)
        print(request.path_info)
        #request.path._info可以得到url的后缀,比如:/video-3-4-1.html
        current_url = request.path_info
        direction_id = kwargs.get('direction_id','0')
        classfication_id = kwargs.get('classfication_id', '0')
        q = {}
        # 方向是0,表示是全部
        if direction_id == '0':
            #如果技术分类id为0,取分类数据库中的数据,为字典模式,元素为id和name
            cList = models.Classification.objects.values('id', 'name')
            # 分类是0
            if classfication_id == '0':
                # 如果课程也是全部,video-0-0
                pass
            else:
                # video-0-1
                # 否则,选中了对应的分类
                q['classification__id'] = classfication_id
        else:
            #如果分类不是全部,得到分类对应的数据,通过map函数处理迭代器temp,并将其转化为列表,取得ID
            obj = models.Direction.objects.get(id=direction_id)
            temp = obj.classification.all().values('id','name')
            id_list = list(map(lambda x:x['id'],temp))
            cList = obj.classification.all().values('id','name')
    
            if classfication_id == '0':
                # video-1-0
                # 根据方向ID,找到所属的分类ID
    
                print(id_list)
                q['classification__id__in'] = id_list
            else:
                # video-1-1
                #如果分类ID在方向ID列表中
                if int(classfication_id) in id_list:
                    q['classification__id'] = classfication_id
                else:
                    q['classification__id__in'] = id_list
                    #url分割取分类的ID,然后改为0,修改url
                    url_list = current_url.split('-')
                    url_list[2] = "0"
                    current_url = '-'.join(url_list)
        level_id = kwargs.get('level_id',None)
        if level_id != '0':
            q['level'] = level_id
    
        result = models.Video.objects.filter(**q)
    
        dList = models.Direction.objects.values('id', 'name')
    
        lList = models.Video.level_choice
        # level_choice = (
        #     (1, u'初级'),
        #     (2, u'中级'),
        #     (3, u'高级'),
        # )
        return render(request, 'video.html', {"dList":dList,
                                                'cList': cList,
                                                'lList': lList,
                                              'current_url': current_url})
    

    自定义扩展template函数

    由于处理函数比较复杂,所以我们要写一些自定义的simple_tag函数,用来对相应的a标签进行href预处理,得到相应的url路径,xx.py:

    from django import template
    from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
    
    ############################################
    #此部分无用
    register = template.Library()
    @register.simple_tag
    def action1(current_url, nid):
        # /video-2-1-3.html
        url_list = current_url.split('-')
        url_list[1] = str(nid)
    
        return '-'.join(url_list)
    
    @register.simple_tag
    def action2(current_url, nid):
        # /video-2-1-3.html
        url_list = current_url.split('-')
        url_list[2] = str(nid)
    
        return '-'.join(url_list)
    
    @register.simple_tag
    def action3(current_url, nid):
        # /video-2-1-3.html
        url_list = current_url.split('-')
        url_list[3] = str(nid) + '.html'
    
        return '-'.join(url_list)
        
    ###################################################
    
    @register.simple_tag
    def ac1(current_url, nid, name):
        # # /video-2-1-3.html
        url_list = current_url.split('-')
        old = url_list[1]
        if old == str(nid):
            temp = '<a class="active" href="%s">%s</a>'
        else:
            temp = '<a href="%s">%s</a>'
    
        url_list[1] = str(nid)
        tag = temp %('-'.join(url_list),name)
    
        return mark_safe(tag)
    
    
    @register.simple_tag
    def ac2(current_url, nid, name):
        # # /video-2-1-3.html
        url_list = current_url.split('-')
        old = url_list[2]
        if old == str(nid):
            temp = '<a class="active" href="%s">%s</a>'
        else:
            temp = '<a href="%s">%s</a>'
    
        url_list[2] = str(nid)
        tag = temp %('-'.join(url_list),name)
    
        return mark_safe(tag)
    
    
    @register.simple_tag
    def ac3(current_url, nid, name):
        # # /video-2-1-3.html
        url_list = current_url.split('-')
        old = url_list[3]
        if old == str(nid) + '.html':
            temp = '<a class="active" href="%s">%s</a>'
        else:
            temp = '<a href="%s">%s</a>'
    
        url_list[3] = str(nid) +  '.html'
        tag = temp %('-'.join(url_list),name)
    
        return mark_safe(tag)
    
    @register.simple_tag
    def all_menu(current_url):
        # video-0-10-0.html
        url_list = current_url.split('-')
        if url_list[1] == '0':
            temp = '<a class="active" href="%s">全部</a>'
        else:
            temp = '<a  href="%s">全部</a>'
    
        url_list[1] = '0'
        temp = temp %('-'.join(url_list))
    
        return mark_safe(temp)
    

    vedio.html

    {% load xx %}
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title></title>
        <style>
        		// 设定之间的间隔
            .condition a{
                display: inline-block;
                padding: 5px;
            }
            // 设定当前选择条件的css样式
            .condition a.active{
                background-color: coral;
                color: white;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="condition">
            <div>
                // 处理全部
                {% all_menu current_url %} :
                // 遍历方向列表
                {% for i in dList %}
                		// 将方向列表中的id,name作为参数传入定义好的自定义函数中处理,生成
                    {% ac1 current_url i.id i.name %}
                {% endfor %}
            </div>
            <div>
                {% for i in cList %}
                    {% ac2 current_url i.id i.name %}
                {% endfor %}
            </div>
            <div>
                {% for i in lList %}
                    {% ac3 current_url i.0 i.1 %}
    
                {% endfor %}
            </div>
        </div>
    
    </body>
    </html>
    

    页面中的搜索条件距离,可以使用css来控制

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ccorz/p/5985205.html
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