Django之model admin自定义后台管理

Admin管理界面是django的杀手级应用。它读取你模式中的元数据，然后提供给你一个强大而且可以使用的界面，网站管理者可以用它立即向网站中添加内容。

比如,数据表如下:

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Author(models.Model):
    #作者
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30,verbose_name='姓名')#姓名
    age = models.CharField(max_length=30,verbose_name='年龄')#年龄
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11,verbose_name='手机号')#手机号
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱')#邮箱
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '作者'
        verbose_name_plural = '作者'
class Publisher(models.Model):#出版社
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30,verbose_name='出版社')#出版社姓名
    address = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name='地址')#出版社地址
    city = models.CharField(max_length=60,verbose_name='城市')#出版社城市
    state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30,verbose_name='省份')#省份
    country = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name='国家')#国家
    website = models.URLField(verbose_name='官网')#官网
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '出版社'
        verbose_name_plural = '出版社'
class Book(models.Model):#书
    name = models.CharField(max_length=60,verbose_name='书名')#书名
    author = models.ManyToManyField(Author,verbose_name='作者')#关联作者
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher,verbose_name='出版社')#关联
    publication_date = models.DateField(verbose_name='出版时间')#时间
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '书名'
        verbose_name_plural = '书名'

要使用admin，可以按照下面的步骤：

1. 将'django.contrib.admin'加入setting的INSTALLED_APPS配置中。

2. 保证INSTALLED_APPS中,包含'django.contrib.auth'，'django.contrib.contenttypes'，'django.contrib.messages'和'django.contrib.sessions.'，Django的admin需要这4个包。

   settings.py:

   INSTALLED_APPS = [
       'django.contrib.admin',
       'django.contrib.auth',
       'django.contrib.contenttypes',
       'django.contrib.sessions',
       'django.contrib.messages',
       'django.contrib.staticfiles',
       'book',
       ] 
   

3. 将'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages'添加到 TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS中，并确保MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES 包含'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware'和'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware'。 (默认已加入)

4. 确定哪些Model需要应用到admin中。

5. 为每个需要admin的app中的admin.py中创建一个ModelAdmin。

6. 注册Model及ModelAdmin:

   from django.contrib import admin
   from myproject.myapp.models import Author
           
   class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
   pass
   admin.site.register(Author, AuthorAdmin)
   

7. 将admin访问配置在URLconf中

   from django.contrib import admin
   admin.autodiscover()
   
   # And include this URLpattern...
   urlpatterns = patterns('',
       # ...
       (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
       # ...
   )
   

8. 运行python manage.py migrate提醒创建superuser后就可以访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/ 了。其实就是生成表结构的过程:

   python manage.py makemigrations
   python manage.py migrate
   python manage.py createsuperuser
   

ModelAdmin对象

register装饰器

register(*models[, site=django.admin.sites.site])

1.7中新添加。Model和ModelAdmin可以这样注册：

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Author
 
@admin.register(Author)
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    pass

可以一次注册多个Model，并且可以使用自己定制的AdminSite：

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Author, Reader, Editor
from myproject.admin_site import custom_admin_site
 
@admin.register(Author, Reader, Editor, site=custom_admin_site)
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    pass

Admin是如何工作的

当把'django.contrib.admin'添加到INSTALLED_APPS后，django会自动查找每个app中的admin.py模块并且import载入。

class apps.AdminConfig

Django 1.7新增.

admin默认的AppConfig类.当django启动时会执行autodiscover()。

class apps.SimpleAdminConfig

Django 1.7新增.

类似于AdminConfig,不会执行autodiscover().

autodiscover()

import每个app的admin.py模块。

Django 1.7改变:
在以前的版本中需要在urls.py中手动启动此方法去寻找每个app的admin.py，1.7后AdminConfig会自动执行此方法。

如果正在使用定制的AdminSite，需要将ModelAdmin的子类载入到自己的代码中并全部注册到定制的AdminSite中。这种情况下需要停止自动discovery()，可以将'django.contrib.admin.apps.SimpleAdminConfig'代替INSTALLED_APPS中的'django.contrib.admin'。

ModelAdmin选项

actions

admin actions的列表

actions_on_top / actions_on_bottom

action的位置。

date_hierarchy

将date_hierarchy设成Model的DateField或者DateTimeField，就可以为admin中的此Model添加日期层次。

fields / exclude

决定Model的form中展现哪些字段。fields是包括，exclude是排除。

from django.contrib import admin
 
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ('name', 'title')
 
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    exclude = ('birth_date',)

可以将一些字段放在同一行，如下url和title字段放在同一行：

class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = (('url', 'title'), 'content')

fieldsets

fieldsets是双元元组(name, field_options)的列表，可以将字段分块：

from django.contrib import admin
 
class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'fields': ('url', 'title', 'content', 'sites')
        }),
        ('Advanced options', {
            'classes': ('collapse',),
            'fields': ('enable_comments', 'registration_required', 'template_name')
        }),
    )    

name

name是块的标题，field_options是一个字典。

field_options

field_options的key有下面几种：

fields

字段名称的元组，在fieldset中展示:

{
'fields': (('first_name', 'last_name'), 'address', 'city', 'state'),
}

classes

提供给fieldset的额外CSS类的列表。

description

可以在fieldset顶部额外展示的文本。

filter_horizontal / filter_vertical

Model有ManyToManyField字段时，使用filter_horizontal，(支持拖拽),filter_vertical可以从现有的选项中多选。一个为横排，一个为竖排。

form

使用的表单.

from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from myapp.models import Person
 
class PersonForm(forms.ModelForm):
 
    class Meta:
        model = Person
        exclude = ['name']
 
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    exclude = ['age']
    form = PersonForm

发生冲突时，ModelAdmin优先。上面的例子中age会被排除，但name会在页面中展示。

formfield_overrides

可以覆盖Model表单界面的一些字段的选项，为一些特定类型的字段添加自己定制的部件,比如，想为自己Model的TextField字段使用富文本编辑器：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib import admin
 
# Import our custom widget and our model from where they're defined
from myapp.widgets import RichTextEditorWidget
from myapp.models import MyModel
 
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    formfield_overrides = {
        models.TextField: {'widget': RichTextEditorWidget},
    }

list_display

Model的change list页面可以展示的字段，如果不设置list_display，admin界面会自动展示Model的__unicode__()结果,在python3中为__str__()。

list_display中有4种值：

model的一个字段

list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name')

一个可调用的以model为参数的函数

def upper_case_name(obj):
    return ("%s %s" % (obj.first_name, obj.last_name)).upper()
upper_case_name.short_description = 'Name'
 
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (upper_case_name,)　

ModelAdmin的一个属性，类似于可调用函数

class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('upper_case_name',)
 
    def upper_case_name(self, obj):
        return ("%s %s" % (obj.first_name, obj.last_name)).upper()
    upper_case_name.short_description = 'Name'

Model的一个属性，类似于可调用函数

from django.db import models
from django.contrib import admin
 
class Person(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    birthday = models.DateField()
 
    def decade_born_in(self):
        return self.birthday.strftime('%Y')[:3] + "0's"
    decade_born_in.short_description = 'Birth decade'
 
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name', 'decade_born_in')

list_display之TIPS:

• 如果字段是ForeignKey，会显示外键的__unicode__。

• 不支持ManyToManyField

• 如果是BooleanField，会显示on或者off。

• 如果提供的字符串是Model或者ModelAdmin的方法或者一个可调用函数，django会自动的HTML-escape输出，如果不想转义，可以将方法的allow_tags设为True。为了避免XSS跨站攻击，需要使用format_html转义用户的输入：

  from django.db import models
  from django.contrib import admin
  from django.utils.html import format_html
   
  class Person(models.Model):
      first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
      last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
      color_code = models.CharField(max_length=6)
   
      def colored_name(self):
          return format_html('<span style="color: #{0};">{1} {2}</span>',
                             self.color_code,
                             self.first_name,
                             self.last_name)
   
      colored_name.allow_tags = True
   
  class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
      list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'colored_name')
  

• 如果提供的字符串是Model或者ModelAdmin的方法或者一个可调用函数，并且返回True或者False，可以将方法的boolean属性设为True。这样页面上会展示on或者off图标。

  from django.db import models
  from django.contrib import admin
   
  class Person(models.Model):
      first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
      birthday = models.DateField()
   
      def born_in_fifties(self):
          return self.birthday.strftime('%Y')[:3] == '195'
      born_in_fifties.boolean = True
   
  class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
      list_display = ('name', 'born_in_fifties')　
  

• Model的__str__或者__unicode__方法也可以使用

  list_display = ('__str__', 'some_other_field')
  

• 如果list_display中的项不是数据库的实际字段，那么不可以以此项排序。反之，则可以以此项排序，可以通过设置 admin_order_field属性指出这个事实。

  from django.db import models
  from django.contrib import admin
  from django.utils.html import format_html
   
  class Person(models.Model):
      first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
      color_code = models.CharField(max_length=6)
   
      def colored_first_name(self):
          return format_html('<span style="color: #{0};">{1}</span>',
                             self.color_code,
                             self.first_name)
   
      colored_first_name.allow_tags = True
      colored_first_name.admin_order_field = 'first_name'
   
  class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
      list_display = ('first_name', 'colored_first_name')
  

  这样试图以colored_first_name排序时，django会以first_name排序。可以反向排序：

  colored_first_name.admin_order_field = '-first_name'
  

• list_display中的项也可以是特性：

  class Person(object):
      first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
      last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
   
      def my_property(self):
          return self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name
      my_property.short_description = "Full name of the person"
   
      full_name = property(my_property)
   
  class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
      list_display = ('full_name',)　
  

list_display_link

其中的字段会被链接到mode的change页面

class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'birthday')
    list_display_links = ('first_name', 'last_name')  

list_editable

其中的字段在change list页面是可以被更改的。在其中的字段也必须在list_display中。

list_filter

其中的字段可以作为过滤器过滤model 。可以是相关域。页面右边会出现相应的过滤器选项

class PersonAdmin(admin.UserAdmin):
    list_filter = ('company__name',)

list_max_show_all

show all页面上的model数目，缺省200。

list_per_page

每个change list页面的model数目，缺省100。

list_select_related

与select_related()有关。

ordering

排序。

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from book import models

class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','age','phone','email')
    search_fields = ('name','age','phone','email')
    fields = ('name','age','email','phone')
    #按照年龄排序
    ordering = ('age',)
#将作者注册到admin后台
admin.site.register(models.Author,AuthorAdmin)

paginator

使用的分页。缺省django.core.paginator.Paginator 。

prepopulated_fields

预置字段。

radio_fields

使用radio-button代替select-box( ForeignKey或者有choices选项时)。

class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    radio_fields = {"group": admin.VERTICAL}

raw_id_fields

会展示其中字段的id，用于ForeignKey或者ManyToManyField。

class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    raw_id_fields = ("newspaper",)

readonly_fields

只可读不可编辑的字段。也可以是方法：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.utils.html import format_html_join
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    readonly_fields = ('address_report',)
 
    def address_report(self, instance):
        # assuming get_full_address() returns a list of strings
        # for each line of the address and you want to separate each
        # line by a linebreak
        return format_html_join(
            mark_safe('<br/>'),
            '{0}',
            ((line,) for line in instance.get_full_address()),
        ) or "<span class='errors'>I can't determine this address.</span>"
 
    # short_description functions like a model field's verbose_name
    address_report.short_description = "Address"
    # in this example, we have used HTML tags in the output
    address_report.allow_tags = True

save_as

设为Ture时，change页面的 "Save and add another"按钮会被"Save as"代替。

save_on_top

设为Ture时，change页面的顶端也会有save按钮。

search_fields

可搜索字段。这样就可以按照标题或内容搜索了

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from book import models

class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','age','phone','email')
    #添加搜索功能
    search_fields = ('name','age','phone','email')
#将作者注册到admin后台
admin.site.register(models.Author,AuthorAdmin)

view_on_site

是否显示View on site链接。

template options

一些定制admin模板时指定模板所用的选项。

add_form_template

add_view()使用的模板.

change_form_template

change_view()使用的模板.

change_list_template

changelist_view()使用的模板.

delete_confirmation_template

delete_view()使用的模板。

delete_selected_confirmation_template

delete_selected action method 使用的模板。

ModelAdmin.object_history_template

history_view()使用的模板，日志。

ModelAdmin methods

save_model(request, obj, form, change)

此方法为admin界面用户保存model实例时的行为。request为HttpRequest实例，obj为model实例，form为ModelForm实例，change为bool值，取决于model实例是新增的还是修改的。

重写此方法可以做一些pre-save或者post-save行为。

比如，可以把request.user保存为model实例的属性：

from django.contrib import admin
 
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):
        obj.user = request.user
        obj.save()

delete_model(request, obj)

admin界面用户删除model实例时的方法。

save_formset(request, form, formset, change)

admin界面用户保存formset的方法，可以改写：

class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def save_formset(self, request, form, formset, change):
        instances = formset.save(commit=False)
        for instance in instances:
            instance.user = request.user
            instance.save()
        formset.save_m2m()

get_ordering(request)

排序

class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    def get_ordering(self, request):
        if request.user.is_superuser:
            return ['name', 'rank']
        else:
            return ['name']

get_search_results(request, queryset, search_term)

可以定制查询结果

save_related(request, form, formsets, change)

formsets是model的inline formsets的列表。model的相关对象保存时的行为。

def save_related(self, request, form, formsets, change):
    """
    Given the ``HttpRequest``, the parent ``ModelForm`` instance, the
    list of inline formsets and a boolean value based on whether the
    parent is being added or changed, save the related objects to the
    database. Note that at this point save_form() and save_model() have
    already been called.
    """
    form.save_m2m()
    for formset in formsets:
        self.save_formset(request, form, formset, change=change)

get_readonly_fields(request, obj=None)

返回只读字段。

get_prepopulated_fields(request, obj=None)

返回预置字段。

get_list_display(request)

返回list_display。

get_list_display_links(request, list_display)

返回list_display_link。

get_fields(request, obj=None)

返回fields。

get_fieldsets(request, obj=None)

返回fieldsets。

get_list_filter(request)

返回list_filter。

get_search_fields(request)

返回search_fields。

get_inline_instances(request, obj=None)

返回InlineModelAdmin对象的列表或元组

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def get_inline_instances(self, request, obj=None):
        return [inline(self.model, self.admin_site) for inline in self.inlines]

get_urls()

返回ModelAdmin的可用urls。

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def get_urls(self):
        urls = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_urls()
        my_urls = patterns('',
            (r'^my_view/$', self.my_view)
        )
        return my_urls + urls
 
    def my_view(self, request):
        # custom view which should return an HttpResponse
        pass

上面my_view方法的路径就是 /admin/myapp/mymodel/my_view/ 。

不过上面的例子中无验证和缓存，要提供验证和缓存：

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def get_urls(self):
        urls = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_urls()
        my_urls = patterns('',
            (r'^my_view/$', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view))
        )
        return my_urls + urls

如果页面可缓存而还是要进行权限验证：

(r'^my_view/$', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view, cacheable=True))

get_form(request, obj=None, **kwargs)

返回add和change view使用的ModelForm。下面用户非superuser时会隐藏一些字段。

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def get_form(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs):
        self.exclude = []
        if not request.user.is_superuser:
            self.exclude.append('field_to_hide')
        return super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_form(request, obj, **kwargs)

get_formsets(request, obj=None)

Yields InlineModelAdmins for use in admin add and change views.

如果只想在the change view中展示一个特殊的inline：

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [MyInline, SomeOtherInline]
 
    def get_formsets(self, request, obj=None):
        for inline in self.get_inline_instances(request, obj):
            # hide MyInline in the add view
            if isinstance(inline, MyInline) and obj is None:
                continue
            yield inline.get_formset(request, obj)

get_formsets_with_inlines(request, obj=None)

Yields (FormSet, InlineModelAdmin) pairs for use in admin add and change views.

如果只想在the change view中展示一个特殊的inline：

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [MyInline, SomeOtherInline]
 
    def get_formsets_with_inlines(self, request, obj=None):
        for inline in self.get_inline_instances(request, obj):
            # hide MyInline in the add view
            if isinstance(inline, MyInline) and obj is None:
                continue
            yield inline.get_formset(request, obj), inline

formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)

Foreignkey字段使用的默认formfield. 根据不同的用户返回不同的子集：

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
        if db_field.name == "car":
            kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user)
        return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)

formfield_for_manytomany(db_field, request, **kwargs)

类似于formfield_for_foreignkey，这个方法用于many to many字段.：

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def formfield_for_manytomany(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
        if db_field.name == "cars":
            kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user)
        return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_manytomany(db_field, request, **kwargs)

ModelAdmin.formfield_for_choice_field(db_field, request, **kwargs)

类似于formfield_for_foreignkey和formfield_for_manytomany,这个方法用于choices：

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def formfield_for_choice_field(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
        if db_field.name == "status":
            kwargs['choices'] = (
                ('accepted', 'Accepted'),
                ('denied', 'Denied'),
            )
            if request.user.is_superuser:
                kwargs['choices'] += (('ready', 'Ready for deployment'),)
        return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_choice_field(db_field, request, **kwargs)

ModelAdmin.get_changelist(request, **kwargs)

返回changelist页面使用的Changelis类. 缺省django.contrib.admin.views.main.ChangeList。

ModelAdmin.get_changelist_form(request, **kwargs)

返回changelist页面使用的ModelForm类。

from django import forms
 
class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    pass
 
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def get_changelist_form(self, request, **kwargs):
        return MyForm

ModelAdmin.get_changelist_formset(request, **kwargs)

返回changelist页面使用的ModelFormSet类。

from django.forms.models import BaseModelFormSet
 
class MyAdminFormSet(BaseModelFormSet):
    pass
 
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def get_changelist_formset(self, request, **kwargs):
        kwargs['formset'] = MyAdminFormSet
        return super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_changelist_formset(request, **kwargs)

ModelAdmin.has_add_permission(request)

是否具有add权限。

ModelAdmin.has_change_permission(request, obj=None)

是否具有change权限。

ModelAdmin.has_delete_permission(request, obj=None)

是否具有delete权限。

ModelAdmin.get_queryset(request)

返回admin界面可编辑的model QuerySet集。 根据不同的user返回不同的结果：

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def get_queryset(self, request):
        qs = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_queryset(request)
        if request.user.is_superuser:
            return qs
        return qs.filter(author=request.user)

ModelAdmin.message_user(request, message, level=messages.INFO, extra_tags='', fail_silently=False)

向使用django.contrib.messages backend的用户发送信息。

ModelAdmin.get_paginator(queryset, per_page, orphans=0, allow_empty_first_page=True)

返回一个分页实例。Returns an instance of the paginator to use for this view. By default, instantiates an instance of paginator.

ModelAdmin.response_add(request, obj, post_url_continue=None)

决定add_view()的HttpResponse，model被创建后运行。

ModelAdmin.response_change(request, obj)

决定change_view()的HttpResponse，model被修改后运行。

ModelAdmin.response_delete(request, obj_display)

决定delete_view()的HttpResponse，model被删除后运行。

obj_display是被删除对象的name。

ModelAdmin.get_changeform_initial_data(request)

A hook for the initial data on admin change forms. By default, fields are given initial values from GET parameters. For instance, ?name=initial_value will set the name field’s initial value to be initial_value.

This method should return a dictionary in the form {'fieldname': 'fieldval'}:

def get_changeform_initial_data(self, request):
    return {'name': 'custom_initial_value'}

其他方法

ModelAdmin.add_view(request, form_url='', extra_context=None)

Django view for the model instance addition page. See note below.

ModelAdmin.change_view(request, object_id, form_url='', extra_context=None)

Django view for the model instance edition page. See note below.

ModelAdmin.changelist_view(request, extra_context=None)

Django view for the model instances change list/actions page. See note below.

ModelAdmin.delete_view(request, object_id, extra_context=None)

Django view for the model instance(s) deletion confirmation page. See note below.

ModelAdmin.history_view(request, object_id, extra_context=None)

Django view for the page that shows the modification history for a given model instance.

这5个方法是被实际的设定为django的view方法的。可以重构，一般是添加渲染view使用的模板的context data：

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    # A template for a very customized change view:
    change_form_template = 'admin/myapp/extras/openstreetmap_change_form.html'
 
    def get_osm_info(self):
        # ...
        pass
 
    def change_view(self, request, object_id, form_url='', extra_context=None):
        extra_context = extra_context or {}
        extra_context['osm_data'] = self.get_osm_info()
        return super(MyModelAdmin, self).change_view(request, object_id,
            form_url, extra_context=extra_context)

ModelAdmin asset definitions

为ModelAdmin的 add/change views添加js和css：

class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    class Media:
        css = {
            "all": ("my_styles.css",)
        }
        js = ("my_code.js",)

Adding custom validation to the admin

定制form:

class MyArticleAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):
    def clean_name(self):
        # do something that validates your data
        return self.cleaned_data["name"]
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    form = MyArticleAdminForm