Monkeyrunner api

http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/monkeyrunner_concepts.html#APIClasses

A Simple monkeyrunner Program

# Imports the monkeyrunner modules used by this program
from com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunner, MonkeyDevice

# Connects to the current device, returning a MonkeyDevice object
device = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()

# Installs the Android package. Notice that this method returns a boolean, so you can test
# to see if the installation worked.
device.installPackage('myproject/bin/MyApplication.apk')

# sets a variable with the package's internal name
package = 'com.example.android.myapplication'

# sets a variable with the name of an Activity in the package
activity = 'com.example.android.myapplication.MainActivity'

# sets the name of the component to start
runComponent = package + '/' + activity

# Runs the component
device.startActivity(component=runComponent)

# Presses the Menu button
device.press('KEYCODE_MENU', MonkeyDevice.DOWN_AND_UP)

# Takes a screenshot
result = device.takeSnapshot()

# Writes the screenshot to a file
result.writeToFile('myproject/shot1.png','png')

 

 

 

 

The monkeyrunner API

The monkeyrunner API is contained in three modules in the package com.android.monkeyrunner:

• MonkeyRunner: A class of utility methods for monkeyrunner programs. This class provides a method for connecting monkeyrunner to a device or emulator. It also provides methods for creating UIs for a monkeyrunner program and for displaying the built-in help.
• MonkeyDevice: Represents a device or emulator. This class provides methods for installing and uninstalling packages, starting an Activity, and sending keyboard or touch events to an application. You also use this class to run test packages.
• MonkeyImage: Represents a screen capture image. This class provides methods for capturing screens, converting bitmap images to various formats, comparing two MonkeyImage objects, and writing an image to a file.

In a Python program, you access each class as a Python module. The monkeyrunner tool does not import these modules automatically. To import a module, use the Python from statement:

from com.android.monkeyrunner import <module>

where <module> is the class name you want to import. You can import more than one module in the same from statement by separating the module names with commas.

MonkeyRunner

A monkeyrunner class that contains static utility methods.

Summary

Methods
void	alert (string message, string title, string okTitle) Displays an alert dialog to the process running the current program.
integer	choice (string message, iterable choices, string title) Displays a dialog with a list of choices to the process running the current program.
void	help (string format) Displays the monkeyrunner API reference in a style similar to that of Python's pydoc tool, using the specified format.
string	input (string message, string initialValue, string title, string okTitle, string cancelTitle) Displays a dialog that accepts input.
void	sleep (float seconds) Pauses the current program for the specified number of seconds.
MonkeyDevice	waitForConnection (float timeout, string deviceId) Tries to make a connection between the monkeyrunner backend and the specified device or emulator.

Public Methods

string alert ( string message, string title, string okTitle)

Displays an alert dialog to the process running the current program. The dialog is modal, so the program pauses until the user clicks the dialog's button.

Arguments

message	The message to display in the dialog.
title	The dialog's title. The default value is "Alert".
okTitle	The text displayed in the dialog button. The default value is "OK".

integer choice (string message, iterable choices, string title)

Displays a dialog with a list of choices to the process running the current program. The dialog is modal, so the program pauses until the user clicks one of the dialog's buttons.

Arguments

message	The prompt message displayed in the dialog.
choices	A Python iterable containing one or more objects that are displayed as strings. The recommended form is an array of strings.
title	The dialog's title. The default is "Input".

Returns

• If the user makes a selection and clicks the "OK" button, the method returns the 0-based index of the selection within the iterable. If the user clicks the "Cancel" button, the method returns -1.

void help (string format)

Displays the monkeyrunner API reference in a style similar to that of Python's pydoc tool, using the specified format.

Arguments

format	The markup format to use in the output. The possible values are "text" for plain text or "html" for HTML.

string input (string message string initialValue, string title, string okTitle, string cancelTitle)

Displays a dialog that accepts input and returns it to the program. The dialog is modal, so the program pauses until the user clicks one of the dialog's buttons.

The dialog contains two buttons, one of which displays the okTitle value and the other the cancelTitle value. If the user clicks the okTitle button, the current value of the input box is returned. If the user clicks the cancelTitle button, an empty string is returned.

Arguments

message	The prompt message displayed in the dialog.
initialValue	The initial value to display in the dialog. The default is an empty string.
title	The dialog's title. The default is "Input".
okTitle	The text displayed in the okTitle button. The default is "OK".
cancelTitle	The text displayed in the cancelTitle button. The default is "Cancel".

Returns

• If the user clicks the okTitle button, then the method returns the current value of the dialog's input box. If the user clicks the cancelTitle button, the method returns an empty string.

void sleep ( float seconds )

Pauses the current program for the specified number of seconds.

Arguments

seconds	The number of seconds to pause.

MonkeyDevice waitForConnection (float timeout, string deviceId)

Tries to make a connection between the monkeyrunner backend and the specified device or emulator.

Arguments

timeout	The number of seconds to wait for a connection. The default is to wait forever.
deviceId	A regular expression that specifies the serial number of the device or emulator. See the topic Android Debug Bridge for a description of device and emulator serial numbers.

Returns

• A MonkeyDevice instance for the device or emulator. Use this object to control and communicate with the device or emulator.

MonkeyDevice

A monkeyrunner class that represents a device or emulator accessible by the workstation running monkeyrunner.

This class is used to control an Android device or emulator. The methods send UI events, retrieve information, install and remove applications, and run applications.

You normally do not have to create an instance of MonkeyDevice. Instead, you use MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection() to create a new object from a connection to a device or emulator. For example, instead of using:

newdevice = MonkeyDevice()

you would use:

newdevice = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()

Summary

Constants
string	DOWN	Use this with the type argument of press() or touch() to send a DOWN event.
string	UP	Use this with the type argument of press() or touch() to send an UP event.
string	DOWN_AND_UP	Use this with the type argument of press() or touch() to send a DOWN event immediately followed by an UP event.

Methods
void	broadcastIntent (string uri, string action, string data, string mimetype, iterable categories dictionary extras, component component, iterable flags) Broadcasts an Intent to this device, as if the Intent were coming from an application.
void	drag (tuple start, tuple end, float duration, integer steps) Simulates a drag gesture (touch, hold, and move) on this device's screen.
object	getProperty (string key) Given the name of a system environment variable, returns its value for this device. The available variable names are listed in the detailed description of this method.
object	getSystemProperty (string key) . The API equivalent of adb shell getprop <key>. This is provided for use by platform developers.
void	installPackage (string path) Installs the Android application or test package contained in packageFile onto this device. If the application or test package is already installed, it is replaced.
dictionary	instrument (string className, dictionary args) Runs the specified component under Android instrumentation, and returns the results in a dictionary whose exact format is dictated by the component being run. The component must already be present on this device.
void	press (string name, dictionary type) Sends the key event specified by type to the key specified by keycode.
void	reboot (string into) Reboots this device into the bootloader specified by bootloadType.
void	removePackage (string package) Deletes the specified package from this device, including its data and cache.
object	shell (string cmd) Executes an adb shell command and returns the result, if any.
void	startActivity (string uri, string action, string data, string mimetype, iterable categories dictionary extras, component component, flags) Starts an Activity on this device by sending an Intent constructed from the supplied arguments.
MonkeyImage	takeSnapshot() Captures the entire screen buffer of this device, yielding a MonkeyImage object containing a screen capture of the current display.
void	touch (integer x, integer y, integer type) Sends a touch event specified by type to the screen location specified by x and y.
void	type (string message) Sends the characters contained in message to this device, as if they had been typed on the device's keyboard. This is equivalent to calling press() for each keycode in message using the key event type DOWN_AND_UP.
void	wake () Wakes the screen of this device.

Constants

string DOWN

press() or touch() value. Specifies that a DOWN event type should be sent to the device, corresponding to pressing down on a key or touching the screen.

string UP

press() or touch() value. Specifies that an UP event type should be sent to the device, corresponding to releasing a key or lifting up from the screen.

string DOWN_AND_UP

press(), touch() or type() value. Specifies that a DOWN event type followed by an UP event type should be sent to the device, corresponding to typing a key or clicking the screen.

Public Methods

void broadcastIntent ( string uri, string action, string data, string mimetype, iterable categories dictionary extras, component component, iterable flags)

Broadcasts an Intent to this device, as if the Intent were coming from an application. See Intent for more information about the arguments.

Arguments

uri	The URI for the Intent. (see Intent.setData()).
action	The action for this Intent (see Intent.setAction()).
data	The data URI for this Intent (see Intent.setData()).
mimetype	The MIME type for the Intent (see Intent.setType()).
categories	An iterable data structure containing strings that define categories for this Intent (see Intent.addCategory()).
extras	A dictionary of extra data for this Intent (see Intent.putExtra() for an example). The key for each dictionary item should be a string. The item's value can be any simple or structured data type.
component	The component for this Intent (see ComponentName). Using this argument will direct the Intent to a specific class within a specific Android package.
flags	An iterable data structure containing flags that control how the Intent is handled (see Intent.setFlags()).

void drag ( tuple start, tuple end, float duration, integer steps)

Simulates a drag gesture (touch, hold, and move) on this device's screen.

Arguments

start	The starting point of the drag gesture, in the form of a tuple (x,y) where x and y are integers.
end	The end point of the drag gesture, in the form of a tuple (x,y) where x and y are integers.
duration	The duration of the drag gesture in seconds. The default is 1.0 seconds.
steps	The number of steps to take when interpolating points. The default is 10.

object getProperty (string key)

Given the name of a system environment variable, returns its value for this device.

Arguments

key	The name of the system environment variable. The available variable names are listed in Table 1. Property variable names at the end of this topic.

Returns

• The value of the variable. The data format varies according to the variable requested.

object getSystemProperty (string key)

Synonym for getProperty().

Arguments

key	The name of the system environment variable. The available variable names are listed in Table 1. Property Variable Names.

Returns

• The value of the variable. The data format varies according to the variable requested.

void installPackage (string path)

Installs the Android application or test package contained in packageFile onto this device. If the application or test package is already installed, it is replaced.

Arguments

path	The fully-qualified path and filename of the .apk file to install.

dictionary instrument ( string className, dictionary args)

Runs the specified component with Android instrumentation, and returns the results in a dictionary whose exact format is dictated by the component being run. The component must already be present on this device.

Use this method to start a test case that uses one of Android's test case classes. See Testing Fundamentals to learn more about unit testing with the Android testing framework.

Arguments

className

The name of an Android component that is already installed on this device, in the standard form packagename/classname, where packagename is the Android package name of a .apk file on this device, and classname is the class name of an Android component (Activity, ContentProvider, Service, or BroadcastReceiver) in that file. Both packagename and classname must be fully qualified. See ComponentName for more details.

args

A dictionary containing flags and their values. These are passed to the component as it is started. If the flag does not take a value, set its dictionary value to an empty string.

Returns

• A dictionary containing the component's output. The contents of the dictionary are defined by the component itself.

  If you use InstrumentationTestRunner as the class name in the componentName argument, then the result dictionary contains the single key "stream". The value of "stream" is a string containing the test output, as if InstrumentationTestRunner was run from the command line. The format of this output is described in Testing in Other IDEs.

void press (string name, integer type)

Sends the key event specified by type to the key specified by keycode.

Arguments

name	The name of the keycode to send. See KeyEvent for a list of keycode names. Use the keycode name, not its integer value.
type	The type of key event to send. The allowed values are DOWN, UP, and DOWN_AND_UP.

void reboot (string bootloadType)

Reboots this device into the bootloader specified by bootloadType.

Arguments

into	The type of bootloader to reboot into. The allowed values are "bootloader", "recovery", or "None".

void removePackage (string package)

Deletes the specified package from this device, including its data and cache.

Arguments

package	The Android package name of an .apk file on this device.

object shell (string cmd)

Executes an adb shell command and returns the result, if any.

Arguments

cmd	The command to execute in the adb shell. The form of these commands is described in the topic Android Debug Bridge.

Returns

• The results of the command, if any. The format of the results is determined by the command.

void startActivity ( string uri, string action, string data, string mimetype, iterable categories dictionary extras, component component, iterable flags)

Starts an Activity on this device by sending an Intent constructed from the supplied arguments.

Arguments

uri	The URI for the Intent. (see Intent.setData()).
action	The action for the Intent (see Intent.setAction()).
data	The data URI for the Intent (see Intent.setData()).
mimetype	The MIME type for the Intent (see Intent.setType()).
categories	An iterable data structure containing strings that define categories for the Intent (see Intent.addCategory()).
extras	A dictionary of extra data for the Intent (see Intent.putExtra() for an example). The key for each dictionary item should be a string. The item's value can be any simple or structured data type.
component	The component for the Intent (see ComponentName). Using this argument will direct the Intent to a specific class within a specific Android package.
flags	An iterable data structure containing flags that control how the Intent is handled (see Intent.setFlags()).

MonkeyImage takeSnapshot ()

Captures the entire screen buffer of this device, yielding a screen capture of the current display.

Returns

• A MonkeyImage object containing the image of the current display.

void touch ( integer x, integer y, string type)

Sends a touch event specified by type to the screen location specified by x and y.

Arguments

x	The horizontal position of the touch in actual device pixels, starting from the left of the screen in its current orientation.
y	The vertical position of the touch in actual device pixels, starting from the top of the screen in its current orientation.
type	The type of key event to send. The allowed values are DOWN, UP, and DOWN_AND_UP.

void type (string message)

Sends the characters contained in message to this device, as if they had been typed on the device's keyboard. This is equivalent to calling press() for each keycode in message using the key event type DOWN_AND_UP.

Arguments

message	A string containing the characters to send.

void wake ()

Wakes the screen of this device.

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Appendix

Table 1.Property variable names used with getProperty() and getSystemProperty().

Property Group	Property	Description	Notes
build	board	Code name for the device's system board	See Build
	brand	The carrier or provider for which the OS is customized.
	device	The device design name.
	fingerprint	A unique identifier for the currently-running build.
	host
	ID	A changelist number or label.
	model	The end-user-visible name for the device.
	product	The overall product name.
	tags	Comma-separated tags that describe the build, such as "unsigned" and "debug".
	type	The build type, such as "user" or "eng".
	user
	CPU_ABI	The name of the native code instruction set, in the form CPU type plus ABI convention.
	manufacturer	The product/hardware manufacturer.
	version.incremental	The internal code used by the source control system to represent this version of the software.
	version.release	The user-visible name of this version of the software.
	version.sdk	The user-visible SDK version associated with this version of the OS.
	version.codename	The current development codename, or "REL" if this version of the software has been released.
display	width	The device's display width in pixels.	See DisplayMetrics for details.
	height	The device's display height in pixels.
	density	The logical density of the display. This is a factor that scales DIP (Density-Independent Pixel) units to the device's resolution. DIP is adjusted so that 1 DIP is equivalent to one pixel on a 160 pixel-per-inch display. For example, on a 160-dpi screen, density = 1.0, while on a 120-dpi screen, density = .75. The value does not exactly follow the real screen size, but is adjusted to conform to large changes in the display DPI. See density for more details.
am.current	package	The Android package name of the currently running package.	The am.current keys return information about the currently-running Activity.
	action	The current activity's action. This has the same format as the name attribute of the action element in a package manifest.
	comp.class	The class name of the component that started the current Activity. See comp.package for more details.
	comp.package	The package name of the component that started the current Activity. A component is specified by a package name and the name of class that the package contains.
	data	The data (if any) contained in the Intent that started the current Activity.
	categories	The categories specified by the Intent that started the current Activity.
clock	realtime	The number of milliseconds since the device rebooted, including deep-sleep time.	See SystemClock for more information.
	uptime	The number of milliseconds since the device rebooted, not including deep-sleep time
	millis	current time since the UNIX epoch, in milliseconds.

MonkeyImage

A monkeyrunner class to hold an image of the device or emulator's screen. The image is copied from the screen buffer during a screenshot. This object's methods allow you to convert the image into various storage formats, write the image to a file, copy parts of the image, and compare this object to other MonkeyImage objects.

You do not need to create new instances of MonkeyImage. Instead, use MonkeyDevice.takeSnapshot() to create a new instance from a screenshot. For example, use:

newimage = MonkeyDevice.takeSnapshot()

Summary

Methods
string	convertToBytes (string format) Converts the current image to a particular format and returns it as a string that you can then access as an iterable of binary bytes.
tuple	getRawPixel (integer x, integer y) Returns the single pixel at the image location (x,y), as an a tuple of integer, in the form (a,r,g,b).
integer	getRawPixelInt (integer x, integer y) Returns the single pixel at the image location (x,y), as a 32-bit integer.
MonkeyImage	getSubImage (tuple rect) Creates a new MonkeyImage object from a rectangular selection of the current image.
boolean	sameAs (MonkeyImage other, float percent) Compares this MonkeyImage object to another and returns the result of the comparison. The percent argument specifies the percentage difference that is allowed for the two images to be "equal".
void	writeToFile (string path, string format) Writes the current image to the file specified by filename, in the format specified by format.

Public Methods

string convertToBytes ( string format)

Converts the current image to a particular format and returns it as a string that you can then access as an iterable of binary bytes.

Arguments

format	The desired output format. All of the common raster output formats are supported. The default value is "png" (Portable Network Graphics).

tuple getRawPixel (integer x, integer y)

Returns the single pixel at the image location (x,y), as an a tuple of integer, in the form (a,r,g,b).

Arguments

x	The horizontal position of the pixel, starting with 0 at the left of the screen in the orientation it had when the screenshot was taken.
y	The vertical position of the pixel, starting with 0 at the top of the screen in the orientation it had when the screenshot was taken.

Returns

• A tuple of integers representing the pixel, in the form (a,r,g,b) where a is the alpha channel value, and r, g, and b are the red, green, and blue values, respectively.

tuple getRawPixelInt (integer x, integer y)

Returns the single pixel at the image location (x,y), as an an integer. Use this method to economize on memory.

Arguments

x	The horizontal position of the pixel, starting with 0 at the left of the screen in the orientation it had when the screenshot was taken.
y	The vertical position of the pixel, starting with 0 at the top of the screen in the orientation it had when the screenshot was taken.

Returns

• The a,r,g, and b values of the pixel as 8-bit values combined into a 32-bit integer, with a as the leftmost 8 bits, r the next rightmost, and so forth.

MonkeyImage getSubImage (tuple rect)

Creates a new MonkeyImage object from a rectangular selection of the current image.

Arguments

rect	A tuple (x, y, w, h) specifying the selection. x and y specify the 0-based pixel position of the upper left-hand corner of the selection. w specifies the width of the region, and h specifies its height, both in units of pixels. The image's orientation is the same as the screen orientation at the time the screenshot was made.

Returns

• A new MonkeyImage object containing the selection.

boolean sameAs ( MonkeyImage otherImage, float percent )

Compares this MonkeyImage object to another and returns the result of the comparison. The percent argument specifies the percentage difference that is allowed for the two images to be "equal".

Arguments

other	Another MonkeyImage object to compare to this one.
percent	A float in the range 0.0 to 1.0, inclusive, indicating the percentage of pixels that need to be the same for the method to return true. The default is 1.0, indicating that all the pixels must match.

Returns

• Boolean true if the images match, or boolean false otherwise.

void writeToFile (string filename, string format)

Writes the current image to the file specified by filename, in the format specified by format.

Arguments

path	The fully-qualified filename and extension of the output file.
format	The output format to use for the file. If no format is provided, then the method tries to guess the format from the filename's extension. If no extension is provided and no format is specified, then the default format of "png" (Portable Network Graphics) is used.