Lesson 11 Not guilty

Lesson 11 Not guilty

guilty ['gɪlti]

adj. 有罪的；内疚的

be guilty of …

• He is guilty of murder.

be innocent of …

• He is innocent of murder.

have a guilty conscience

have a clear conscience

**guilt ** innocence

• It now remains for the jury to decide on the defendant's guilt or innocence.

crime

• commit a serious crime

sin

• It is a sin to tell a lie.

tolerant ['tɒlərənt]

adj. 宽容的

tolerant adj. willing to accept other people's beliefs, way of life, etc. without criticizing them, even if you disagree with them

be tolerant of / towards …

• Perhaps you need to be more tolerant of your neighbors.

tolerable adj.

• in tolerable health
  • ​ The doctors manage to keep the pain at a tolerable level.

tolerate v.

• Why people are prepared to tolerate a four hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.

forbearing adj.

• The vicar praised what he called her "kind and forbearing nature".

easy-going adj.

• Her easy-going nature made her popular.

declare [dɪ'kleə(r)]

v.（向税务部门或海关）申报；声明，宣布

• You must declare all you have earned in the last year.

• ―Have you anything to declare?

  ―No, I have nothing to declare.

• I declare you man and wife.

• China declared independence in 1949.

• The Chinese government has declared war on official corruption. declaration the Declaration of Independence the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights

professional

[prə'feʃənl]

adj. 职业的，专业的，内行的；

n. 专业人士，内行

• a professional boxer

• You will need to seek professional advice about your claim for compensation. You sing like a real professional.

amateur n. & adj.

• The tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals.
  • I shouldn't employ them―they're just a bunch of amateurs. an amateur photographer profession the medical / legal / teaching profession

occupation

• State your name, age, and occupation in the box below.

• My occupation is an accountant. X

vocation

• She believes she has found her true vocation in life.

dreadful ['dredfl]

adj. 可怕的；糟糕的

a dreadful / terrible accident, disease, nightmare

• We’ve had some dreadful / terrible weather lately.

• All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.

dread v. & n. dread doing sth

• I dread being sick.

• He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.

live in dread of …

• The committee members live in dread of anything that may cause a scandal.

• We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.

perfume ['pɜ:fju:m]

n. 香水；香味

scent / perfume / fragrance

• the scent of ripe fruit the perfume of flowers the fragrance of lilacs scented / perfumed / fragrant

scented / perfumed soap

the Fragrant Hills

aroma

• the aroma of hot coffee smell

funny smell

smelly

• smelly feet odour / odor

body odour / odor odourless / odorless

• Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and noxious gas.

**sarcastically **

[sɑ:'kæstɪklɪ] adv. 讽刺地，说反话地

sarcasm / irony

• with heavy sarcasm / irony

• 'Good of you to arrive on time,' George said, with heavy sarcasm / irony.

hint / trace / touch of sarcasm / irony

• There was a hint of sarcasm / irony in her voice.

sarcastic / ironic

• an sarcastic / ironic smile / remark / expression etc

• I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, 'I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.'

sarcastically / ironically

• 'Oh good,' he said sarcastically / ironically.

• 'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically.

the irony of fate

• It's ironic that she became a teacher ―she used to hate school.

• Ironically, his cold got better on the last day of his holiday.

baggage ['bæ gɪdʒ]

n. 行李

baggage / luggage

• trunk / suitcase …-> baggage / luggage

• table / chair …-> furniture

• pen / pencil …-> stationery

• jewel-> jewelry / jewellery

• scene-> scenery

• weapon-> weaponry

• machine-> machinery

• poem-> poetry

• novel-> fiction

• myth-> mythology

• leaf-> foliage

Customs Officers are quite tolerant *these days*, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare.

**customs **

• customs officers**

  • It took ages to clear customs but then we were out of the airport quite quickly.
  • You won't be able to take that through customs.

• custom

  • the custom of giving presents at Christmas
  • Chinese traditional customs

these days today nowadays go through

• When you're going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.

• I've gone through all my pockets but I can't find my keys.

• The Officer went through the case with great care.

• When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them.

• ―Have you anything to declare? ―No, I have nothing to declare.

make sb. do sth. be ————- made to do sth.

• I made him repeat it. He was made to repeat it.

see / hear / notice sb. do sth.———— be seen / heard / noticed to do sth.

• I saw / heard / noticed him leave the room.

• He was seen / heard / noticed to leave the room.

see / hear / notice sb. doing sth. ———–be seen / heard / noticed doing sth.

• I saw him crossing the road.

• He was seen crossing the road.

• I heard the girl singing in the room.

• The girl was heard singing in the room.

• Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life.

Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare. *Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty.* The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches *hidden in his suitcase*.

hardened

adj. someone who is hardened has had a lot of difficult or unpleasant experiences and is no longer much affected by such things

• a hardened criminal / police officer etc.

  • The children became hardened to the violence.

• **on the other hand …; **

• **on the one hand … **

• **on the other (hand) … **

• used to indicate contrasting points of view, opinions, etc

  • I'd like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money.
  • On the one hand they'd love to have kids, but on the other (hand), they don't want to give up their freedom.

• **for one thing …; **

• **for one thing … **

• **for another … **

• used to introduce a reason for sth

  • ―“Why don’t you get a car?”

    ―“Well, for one thing, I can’t drive!”

    ―"Why won’t you come to New York with me?"

    ―"For one thing, I don't like flying, and for another, I can't afford it."

trouble

v. if a problem troubles you, it makes you feel worried or upset Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.

• 造句：他的口袋里藏着一张大额的钞票。
  • He has a large bank note hidden in his pocket.
• 造句：这个贪官 (corrupt official) 在地下室里藏了 1000 万元。
  • The corrupt official has 10 million yuan hidden in the basement.

return back X

X

advance forward X

… X

the reason is that … √ the reason is because … X

When I returned from *abroad* recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened.

Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory.

After crossing the equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.

Towards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls.

• abroad ↔ aboard

  • study abroad All aboard!

• quite ↔ quiet

• dairy ↔ diary

• latitude ↔ altitude

officious

adj. (disapproving) too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to

• give orders 爱发号施令的，指手画脚的

• When people put on uniforms, their attitude becomes more confident and their manner more officious.

• officer

  • a commanding officer
  • a police officer
  • a customs officer
  • chief executive officer

• official

  • government officials
  • corrupt officials
  • official corruption
  • official statistics
  • look sb in the eye(s) / face
    • to look straight at sb without feeling embarrassed or ashamed 直视
      • Can you look me in the eye and tell me you're not lying?
      • I'll never be able to look her in the face again!

confidently ↔ with confidence

1. 请求对方做某事

   • would / do you mind doing
     • Would you mind waiting outside?
     • No, not at all.
     • Not at all.
     • Certainly not.
     • Of course not.
     • No, that’s quite all right.
     • Not at all, I’d be happy / glad to.

2. 请求对方允许自己做某事

   • would / do you mind my / our doing
   • do you mind if（真实语气：一般现在时）
   • would you mind if（虚拟语气：一般过去时）
     • Would you mind my smoking here?
       • Do you mind if I smoke here?
       • Would you mind if I smoked here?
     • No, not at all.
       • Not at all.
       • Certainly not.
       • Of course not.
       • Go ahead.
     • *I wish you wouldn’t.
       • You’d better not.
       • I’m sorry, but …
       • I’m afraid …*
     • Do you mind if I smoke here?
     • I’m afraid this is a non-smoking office.

“Do you mind ______?” “Go ahead.”

(A) opening the window (B) I open the window

(C) if I open the window (D) whether I open the window (A) He doesn't have any more time.

(B) It doesn't bother him to wait.

(C) He's never had to wait before.

(D) He hasn't seen anyone at all.

W: Would you mind waiting a few more minutes?

M: Not at all.

Q: What does the man mean?

Answer: (B) It doesn't bother him to wait.

``

(A) She doesn't want the man to call her.

(B) The man is welcome to use the telephone.

(C) The telephone doesn't belong to her.

(D) The man should go somewhere else to make his call.

M: Do you mind if I use your phone?

W: Of course not.

What does the woman mean?

Answer: (B) The man is welcome to use the telephone.

``

(A) Someone already borrowed her newspaper.

(B) She’ll get the newspaper back from the man later.

(C) She can’t lend the man the newspaper.

(D) She hasn’t had time to read the newspaper yet.

M: Excuse me, do you mind if I borrow that newspaper for a little bit. W: I'm sorry, but it doesn't belong to me.

Q: What does the woman imply?

Answer: (C) She can’t lend the man the newspaper.

The officer went through the case with great care (=very carefully).

• He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight (=delightedly).

• Then I added with a smile (=smilingly).

• 'No', I answered confidently (=with confidence).

• His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease (=easily).

• She faced the difficulty with calmness (=calmly).

• I looked at her with curiosity (curiously).

• She spoke to me with tenderness (=tenderly).

• I greeted Philip with enthusiasm (=enthusiastically).

• The gang picked their victims at random (=randomly).

• I met an old friend in town by accident (=accidentally).

• The negotiations were conducted in secret (=secretly).

• It's unprofessional to criticize your colleagues in public (=publicly).

All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.

things

[pl.] personal belongings 私人财物

• The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding.

• As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment.

pack

• Kelly packed her things before dinner.

• He was still packing his suitcase when the taxi came.

unpack

• He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner.

• I unpacked my bags as soon as I arrived.

in a mess

in a / an dreadful / terrible / awful / appalling mess

• Jem's house is always in an awful mess.

in (a state of) disorder

• Everything was in disorder, but nothing seemed to be missing.

• The whole office was in a state of disorder.

in (a state of) chaos

• The kitchen was in chaos.

• Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos.

at sixes and sevens

• When the visitors arrived we were still at sixes and sevens.

• I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.

• Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.

• 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.'

• When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.

light up

if someone’s face or eyes light up, they show pleasure, excitement etc（因喜悦、兴奋等脸上或眼中）露出光彩

• His eyes lit up with laughter. Her face lit up with pleasure.

pounce (on sth)

• The lion crouched ready to pounce.

• The hawk pounced on its prey. plunge (into sth)

• The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.

charge (at sth)

• Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt.

with delight ↔ delightedly

• delightedly adv. 感到高兴地

  • She delightedly accepted the invitation.

• delightfully adv. 令人高兴地

  • The evening is delightfully cool.

• Robert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift.

• Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned.

• The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated.

eh

interj. used for asking someone to agree with you

• Pretty good, eh?

• 'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically / ironically.

• 'Perfume, eh?' he asked with (heavy) sarcasm / irony.

should / ought to have done

• He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.

• How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields, the days when I had played and should have studied.

be exempt from sth.

• Children are exempt from the charges.

• Currently, developing nations are exempt from certain restrictions on carbon emissions.

exempt sb. from sth.

• His bad eyesight exempted him from military service.

import duty / customs duty / tariff

These days, it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs, that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries.

tax

• income / property / sales / inheritance tax

hair gel:

a thick liquid substance which is put in the hair to help the hair keep a particular shape or style

add

v. to say more about something that has just been said

• I have nothing to add to my earlier statement.

add that …

• Everyone will be invited to vote, he said, adding that voting is likely to be via the web.

• He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people.

do sth with a smile / laugh / sneer / shock / sigh / start …

• 'Oh, that,' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend.

• Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.

• 'Oh, is it?' said the sheriff with a sneer. 'Well, I'm Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !'

• One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours!

• She slowly sat down with a sigh and closed her eyes.

oneself 与 by oneself 作状语时的区别

oneself 强调“亲自”，并非他人代劳 by oneself = alone 强调“独自”，没有他人陪伴或帮助

Lesson 46 Do it yourself

I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself.

While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.

• They are living by themselves (=alone).

• One can’t play tennis by oneself (=alone).

• As I expected, he did not believe me.

• As I soon learnt, he was English himself!

• Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.

• Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney.

**try it **

• give it a try
• give it a shot
• screw
• screw a bulb in
• unscrew
  • She unscrewed the cap of her water bottle and gave him a drink.

He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth.

be greeted by …

(of sights, sounds or smells) to be the first thing that you see, hear or smell at a particular time 首先看到的、听到的、闻到的是……

• I woke up and was greeted by bird song.

• When she opened the door she was greeted by complete disorder.

convince sb. of sth.

convince sb. that …

• The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?

**tell the truth **

tell a lie / story / joke …

A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away *with precious chalk marks on my baggage*.

A few minutes later, I was able to hurry *away* with precious chalk marks on my baggage.

• She hurried away in the opposite direction.

• He hurried forward to meet him.

• We hurried upstairs to see what was going on.

• With this, he hurried off the stage.

• She hurried down the corridor as fast as she could.

• More than 100 men hurried to the scene to donate their blood.