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  • JSP_6_JSP状态管理(cookie)

    ---6-1 HTTP协议的无状态性--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    依靠Cookie和Session保存状态

    ---6-2 Cookie概述--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    保存状态用户状态的两大机制:

    1 Session(JSP内置对象)

    2 Cookie

    Cookie:"小甜饼",是Web服务器保存在客户端的一系列文本信息。

        典型应用一:判断注册用户的是否已经登录网站。

      典型应用二:"购物车"的处理

    Cookie的作用
      对特定对象的追踪

      保存用户信息 

    风险:容易泄露用户信息

    ---6-3 JSP页面中创建与使用Cookie --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    创建Cookie对象

      Cookie newCookie = new Cookie(String key,Object value);

    写入Cookie对象

      response.addCookie(newCookie);

    读取Cookie对象

      Cookie[] cookies=request.getCookies();

    2.常用方法

    void setMaxAge(int expriy)  设置cookie有效期,秒单位

    void setValue(String value)  在cookie创建后,对cookie赋值

    String getName()      获取cookie名称

    String getValue()      获取cookie值

    int getMaxAge()        获取cookie有效期,秒单位

    ---6-4 Cookie在登录中的应用--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    login.jsp:

    使用URLEncoder解决无法在Cookie当中保存中文字符串问题:

      编码:URLEncoder.decode(String value,String encoding);    

        1)request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");   

        2)URLEncoder.encode(request.getParameter("username"),"utf-8");

      解码:URLDecoder.decode(String value,String encoding);    

        1)request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");          

        2) URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");              

     
    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.net.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
    <%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
    %>
    
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    <html>
      <head>
        <base href="<%=basePath%>">
        
        <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
        <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
        <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
        <!--
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
        -->
      </head>
      
      <body>
        <h1>用户登录</h1>
        <hr>
        <% 
          request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
          String username="";
          String password = "";
          Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
          if(cookies!=null&&cookies.length>0)
          {
               for(Cookie c:cookies)
               {
                  if(c.getName().equals("username"))
                  {
                       username =  URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");
                  }
                  if(c.getName().equals("password"))
                  {
                       password =  URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");
                  }
               }
          }
        %>
        <form name="loginForm" action="dologin.jsp" method="post">
           <table>
             <tr>
               <td>用户名:</td>
               <td><input type="text" name="username" value="<%=username %>"/></td>
             </tr>
             <tr>
               <td>密码:</td>
               <td><input type="password" name="password" value="<%=password %>" /></td>
             </tr>
             <tr>
               <td colspan="2"><input type="checkbox" name="isUseCookie" checked="checked"/>十天内记住我的登录状态</td>
             </tr>
             <tr>
               <td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="登录"/><input type="reset" value="取消"/></td>
             </tr>
           </table>
        </form>
      </body>
    </html>

    dologin.jsp

     
    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.net.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
    <%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
    %>
    
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    <html>
      <head>
        <base href="<%=basePath%>">
        
        <title>My JSP 'dologin.jsp' starting page</title>
        
        <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
        <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
        <!--
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
        -->
    
      </head>
      
      <body>
        <h1>登录成功</h1>
        <hr>
        <br>
        <br>
        <br>
        <% 
           request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
           //首先判断用户是否选择了记住登录状态
           String[] isUseCookies = request.getParameterValues("isUseCookie");
           if(isUseCookies!=null&&isUseCookies.length>0)
           {
              //把用户名和密码保存在Cookie对象里面
              String username = URLEncoder.encode(request.getParameter("username"),"utf-8");
              //使用URLEncoder解决无法在Cookie当中保存中文字符串问题
              String password = URLEncoder.encode(request.getParameter("password"),"utf-8");
              
              Cookie usernameCookie = new Cookie("username",username);
              Cookie passwordCookie = new Cookie("password",password);
              usernameCookie.setMaxAge(864000);
              passwordCookie.setMaxAge(864000);//设置最大生存期限为10天
              response.addCookie(usernameCookie);
              response.addCookie(passwordCookie);
           }
           else
           {
              Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
              if(cookies!=null&&cookies.length>0)
              {
                 for(Cookie c:cookies)
                 {
                    if(c.getName().equals("username")||c.getName().equals("password"))
                    {
                        c.setMaxAge(0); //设置Cookie失效
                        response.addCookie(c); //重新保存。
                    }
                 }
              }
           }
        %>
        <a href="users.jsp" target="_blank">查看用户信息</a>
        
      </body>
    </html>

    users.jsp:

     
    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.net.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
    <%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
    %>
    
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    <html>
      <head>
        <base href="<%=basePath%>">
        
        <title>My JSP 'users.jsp' starting page</title>
        
        <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
        <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
        <!--
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
        -->
    
      </head>
      
      <body>
        <h1>用户信息</h1>
        <hr>
        <% 
          request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
          String username="";
          String password = "";
          Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
          if(cookies!=null&&cookies.length>0)
          {
               for(Cookie c:cookies)
               {
                  if(c.getName().equals("username"))
                  {
                       username = URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");
                  }
                  if(c.getName().equals("password"))
                  {
                       password = URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(),"utf-8");
                  }
               }
          }
        %>
        <BR>
        <BR>
        <BR>
             用户名:<%=username %><br>
             密码:<%=password %><br>
      </body>
    </html>

    ---6-5 Session与Cookie的对比--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    共同点:

      1.Session与Cookie都用来保存用户信息 

      2.Session与Cookie都会过期

    区别:

     Session:

      1)在服务器端保存用户信息(memory of server)

      2)session保存的是Object类型

      3)随会话结束而将其存储的数据销毁

      4)保存重要信息

     Cookie:

      1)在客户端保存用户信息

      2)Cookie保存的是String类型

      3)Cookie可以长期保存在客户端

      4)保存不重要的用户信息

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/charles999/p/6703968.html
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