Nodejs全站开发学习系列 & 深入浅出Node学习笔记 & Spider抓取

https://course.tianmaying.com/node

这个系列的文章看起来很不错，值得学习一下。

/Users/baidu/Documents/Data/Interview/Web-Server开发/深入浅出Node.js-f46c.pdf

深入浅出Node笔记：

// math.js
exports.add = function () {
var sum = 0, i = 0,
args = arguments,
l = args.length; while (i < l) {
  sum += args[i++]; }
return sum; };

// program.js
var math = require('math'); exports.increment = function (val) {
return math.add(val, 1); };

写一个例子：

$ cat module_path.js 
console.log(module.paths);

运行：

$ node module_path.js 
[ '/Users/baidu/Documents/Data/Work/Code/Self/nodejs/node_modules',
  '/Users/baidu/Documents/Data/Work/Code/Self/node_modules',
  '/Users/baidu/Documents/Data/Work/Code/node_modules',
  '/Users/baidu/Documents/Data/Work/node_modules',
  '/Users/baidu/Documents/Data/node_modules',
  '/Users/baidu/Documents/node_modules',
  '/Users/baidu/node_modules',
  '/Users/node_modules',
  '/node_modules' ]

看到P66，有点枯燥。

http://blog.csdn.net/g9yuayon/article/details/1568980

明眼老大们自然可以看出这是函数编程的风格。其实JavaScript本就是采用C语言句法的简化版LISP，异常灵活。

用下面的例子看看：

http://blog.csdn.net/u012273376/article/details/52736906

利用nodejs做爬虫

上文中分析了设计和实现的过程，最后是利用从一个json文件里获取出数据，并存储来实现的。

http://www.bilibili.com/index/index-icon.json

内容类似：

{"fix":[{"id":"568","type":"fix","title":"u4e1bu6797","deltime":"0","posttime":"1475232463","edittime":"1475232495","sttime":"1475145660","endtime":"0","state":"1","icon":"http://i0.hdslb.com/group1/M00/B8/16/oYYBAFfuQueAcLCTAAAlMkM6OCk652.gif","weight":"2","links":["http://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E4%B8%9B%E6%9E%97"]},{"id":"567","type":"fix","title":"u975eu6d32u6b22u8fceu4f60","deltime":"0","posttime":"1475232419","edittime":"1475232446","sttime":"1475145660","endtime":"0","state":"1","icon":"http://i0.hdslb.com/group1/M00/B8/16/oYYBAFfuQa2AeYm6AACICFF4-Wk024.gif","weight":"2","links":["http://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E4%BD%A0"]},{"id":"566","type":"fix","title":"u806au54e5","deltime":"0","posttime":"1475232380","edittime":"1475232380","sttime":"1475145660","endtime":"0","state":"1","icon":"http://i0.hdslb.com/group1/M00/B8/16/oYYBAFfuQa6ABU5vAAAQAHdNgM4913.gif","weight":"2","links":["http://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E8%81%AA%E5%93%A5"]},{"id":"565","type":"fix","title":"u975eu6d32u4eba (..u2022u02d8_u02d8u2022..)","deltime":"0","posttime":"1475232306","edittime":"1475232339","sttime":"1475145660","endtime":"0","state":"1","icon":"http://i0.hdslb.com/group1/M00/B8/16/oYYBAFfuQauAQVjgAAAZKlLn9aM964.gif","weight":"1","links":["http://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2"]},{"id":"564","type":"fix","title":"SSR","deltime":"0","posttime":"1475232266","edittime":"1475232273","sttime":"1475145660","endtime":"0","state":"1","icon":"http://i0.hdslb.com/group1/M00/B8/16/oYYBAFfuQaiAHLMeAABMJhP3294905.gif","weight":"3","links":["http://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=SSR"]},{"id":"563","type":"fix","title":"u9759u7535","deltime":"0","posttime":"1475232209","edittime":"1475232209","sttime":"1475145660","endtime":"0","state":"1","icon":"http://i0.hdslb.com/group1/M00/B8/16/oYYBAFfuQaaAVYlOAAAPBHWFJBA697.gif","weight":"1","links":["http://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5"]},{"id":"562","type":"fix","title":"u8214u51b0u68d2","deltime":"0","posttime":"1474973710","edittime":"1474973710","sttime":"1474887000","endtime":"0","state":"1","icon":"http://i0.hdslb.com/group1/M00/B8/10/oYYBAFfqTrOAOUUFAAASBQb9Glo754.gif","weight":"1","links":["http://search.bilibili.com/all?keyword=%E8%88%94%E5%86%B0"]},
......

在这个目录 /Users/baidu/Documents/Data/Work/Code/Self/nodejs/bilibili_spider 写了代码 index.js

const fs = require('fs')
const request = require('request')

function getJsonFile(jurl) {
  request({
    url: jurl,
    gzip: true
  }, function(err, res, body) {
    if (!err && res.statusCode == 200) {
      console.log('===获取Json成功===');
      let result = JSON.parse(body);
      for (let i=0; i<result.fix.length; i++) {
        saveGif(result.fix[i].icon, result.fix[i].title);
      }
    }
    else {
      console.log('===Error info===', err, 'Code:'+res.statusCode);
      return false;
    }
  }
  );
}

function saveGif(url, title) {

  console.log('存储图片=>' + title);

  request(url).pipe(fs.createWriteStream('./gif/'+title+'.gif'));

  console.log('图片' + title + '存储完成');

}

其中有几点需要说明和了解：

1. (() => {
  const jsonUrl = 'http://www.bilibili.com/index/index-icon.json';
  getJsonFile(jsonUrl);
})();
这是一个匿名函数。类似 ()()； 这样的就是匿名函数。为什么要加两个括号呢，因为第二个括号是用来调用的。

2. request是需要用npm来安装的

3. request(url).pipe(fs.createWriteStream('./gif/'+title+'.gif'));
这个用法要了解。

4. 如果目录(gif)不存在，文件是无法创建成功的。命令行看到打印出了结果，是因为JS是异步执行的。

第一次运行时候报错：

SyntaxError: Block-scoped declarations (let, const, function, class) not yet supported outside strict mode

上网搜了之后，在第一行增加了严格模式的声明：

"use strict";

然后运行，报了另外的错：

Error: options.uri is a required argument

上网查了半天，没想到在匿名函数前面加个log居然就好了。。。代码片段如下：

console.log("hi0");
(() => {
  //console.log("hi1");
  const jsonUrl = 'http://www.bilibili.com/index/index-icon.json';
  //console.log("hi2");
  getJsonFile(jsonUrl);
  //console.log("hi3");
})();

function getJsonFile(jurl) {
  //jurl = url.parse(jurl);
  request({
    url: jurl,
    gzip: true
  }, function(err, res, body) {
......

运行结果如下：

$ node index.js 
hi0
===获取Json成功===
存储图片=>丛林
图片丛林存储完成
存储图片=>非洲欢迎你
图片非洲欢迎你存储完成
存储图片=>聪哥
图片聪哥存储完成
存储图片=>非洲人 (..•˘_˘•..)
图片非洲人 (..•˘_˘•..)存储完成

文件内容如下：

莫非是由于异步调用的原因？

需要增加一个console.log，增加对异步调用的延迟？
未解。。。

后来又上网查了查，增加url模块的校验，感觉跟之前的也没差别：

"use strict";

const fs = require('fs')
const request = require('request')
const url = require('url');

//console.log("hi0");
(() => {
  //console.log("hi1");
  const jsonUrl = 'http://www.bilibili.com/index/index-icon.json';
  //console.log("hi2");
  getJsonFile(jsonUrl);
  //console.log("hi3");
})();

function getJsonFile(jurl) {
  jurl = url.parse(jurl);
  request({
    url: jurl,
    gzip: true
  }, function(err, res, body) {
    if (!err && res.statusCode == 200) {
      console.log('===获取Json成功===');
      let result = JSON.parse(body);
      for (let i=0; i<result.fix.length; i++) {
        saveGif(result.fix[i].icon, result.fix[i].title);
      }
    }
    else {
      console.log('===Error info===', err, 'Code:'+res.statusCode);
      return false;
    }
  }
  );
}
......

可以看到，增加url.parse，去掉了console.log，调用也能成功了。实在是不知所以然。

然后我又仿照下面这个程序：

http://cnodejs.org/topic/54bdaac4514ea9146862abee

写了一个抓取lofter上图片的程序：

var fs = require('fs');
var request = require('request');
var cheerio = require('cheerio');
var mkdirp = require('mkdirp');

var url = 'http://loftermeirenzhi.lofter.com/tag/人像?page=';

var dir = './images';

mkdirp(dir, function(err) {
  if (err) {
    console.log(err);
  }
});

var getImages = function(indexes) {
    for (var i=1; i<=indexes; i++) {
      var newUrl = url + i;
      request(newUrl, function(error, response, body) {
        if (!error && response.statusCode == 200) {
          console.log(body);
          var $ = cheerio.load(body);
          // selector
          $('.img img').each(function() {
            var src = $(this).attr('src');
            console.log('正在下载' + src);
            download(src, dir);
          });
        }
      });
    }
}

var download = function(url, dir) {
    var fileName = Math.floor(Math.random()*100000) + url.substr(-4, 4);
    request.head(url, function(err, res, body) {
      request(url).pipe(fs.createWriteStream(dir+'/'+fileName+'.jpg'));
    });
};

getImages(1);

上面这一句我不是非常明白，感觉应该是先class再标签

$('.img img')

实际去抓的时候，发现只能抓下一个头图。而页面中实际的图是没有能够抓下来的。