Centos7下不删除python2.x的情况下安装python3.x

Linux下默认系统自带python2.X的版本，这个版本被系统很多程序所依赖，所以不建议删除，如果使用最新的Python3那么我们知道编译安装源码包和系统默认包之间是没有任何影响的，所以可以安装python3和python2共存

1、下载linux平台的python3.x的安装包(我下载的是python3.6版本)

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tgz

2、解压python3.6安装包

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf Python-3.6.1.tgz 
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 22024
-rw-------.  1 root root     1238 Jun 25 10:54 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 17  501  501     4096 Mar 21 03:47 Python-3.6.1
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 22540566 Mar 21 03:47 Python-3.6.1.tgz

3、安装python3.6，默认安装路径为/usr/local

　　--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
　　[/usr/local]

#安装报错，缺失依赖库
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# ./configure 
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for python3.6... no
checking for python3... no
checking for python... python
checking for --enable-universalsdk... no
checking for --with-universal-archs... no
checking MACHDEP... linux
checking for --without-gcc... no
checking for --with-icc... no
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/root/Python-3.6.1':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
#安装依赖库
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# yum install gcc

#安装python3.6
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# make && make install

#make && make install 报错
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
make: *** [install] Error 1
#安装zlib-devel
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# yum install zlib-devel
#重新安装
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# make && make install

4、python3.6已安装成功，在/usr/local/bin下生成命令python3

[root@localhost local]# ll /usr/local/bin/
total 24656
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root        8 Jun 25 11:22 2to3 -> 2to3-3.6
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root      101 Jun 25 11:22 2to3-3.6
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root      242 Jun 25 11:22 easy_install-3.6
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root        7 Jun 25 11:22 idle3 -> idle3.6
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root       99 Jun 25 11:22 idle3.6
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root      214 Jun 25 11:22 pip3
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root      214 Jun 25 11:22 pip3.6
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root        8 Jun 25 11:22 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.6
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root       84 Jun 25 11:22 pydoc3.6
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root        9 Jun 25 11:22 python3 -> python3.6
-rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 12604536 Jun 25 11:21 python3.6
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       17 Jun 25 11:22 python3.6-config -> python3.6m-config
-rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 12604536 Jun 25 11:21 python3.6m
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root     3097 Jun 25 11:22 python3.6m-config
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       16 Jun 25 11:22 python3-config -> python3.6-config
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       10 Jun 25 11:22 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.6
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root      441 Jun 25 11:22 pyvenv-3.6

5、使用python3命令查看版本

[root@localhost local]# python3 -V
Python 3.6.1    
[root@localhost local]# python3
Python 3.6.1 (default, Jun 25 2017, 11:20:12) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/freeweb/p/5181764.html