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  • Ajax的使用

    应用服务器

    数据库服务器

     

    Ajax、异步的js和xml异步交互,它能使用js访问服务器,而且是异步访问

    服务器给客户端的响应一般是整个页面,一个完整的html页面,但在ajax中因为是局部刷新,那么服务器就不用在响应整个页面!而只是数据!

    可以是text纯文本,xml,json它是js提供的数据交互格式,它是ajax中最受欢迎

     

     

    同步发一个请求就要等到服务器的响应结束,然后才能发第二个请求,中间是卡的过程

    刷新的是整个页面

     

    异步 发一个请求 无需等待服务器的响应,然后发第二个请求。

    可以使用js接收服务器的响应,然后使用js来局部刷新。

     

    Ajax的应用场景

    百度的搜索框

    用户注册校验用户名是否存在

     

    优点

    增强了用户的体验

    性能:应为无需响应整个页面,只响应一部分的页面 服务器省事了

     

    Ajax不能应用所有场景

    无端的增多了对服务器发送了好多请求。

    给服务器制造了好多压力

    实例一 get请求

        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                throws ServletException, IOException {

            System.out.println("Hello ajax!");

            response.getWriter().print("hello,ajax!");

        }

     

        <script type="text/javascript">

            function createXMLHttpRequest(){

                try {

                    return new XMLHttpRequest();//大多数的浏览器

                } catch (e) {

                    try {

                        return ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");//ie6.0

                    } catch (e) {

                        try {

                            return ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");//ie5.5或更早的

                        } catch (e) {

                            alert("哥们,你用的是什么浏览器啊!");

                            throw e;

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

            window.onload=function(){//在文档加载完毕之后执行

                var btn=document.getElementById("btn1");

                btn.onclick=function(){//给按钮的点击事件注册监听

                    /*

                    四步操作 获取服务器传来的东西

                    */

                    //第一步 拿到异步对象

                    var xmlHttp=createXMLHttpRequest();

                    //第二步 打开与服务器的连接 1请求方式 2请求路径 3是否为异步请求

                    xmlHttp.open("GET","<c:url value='/AServlet'/>",true);

                    //第三步 发送请求体

                    xmlHttp.send(null);//get方式没有请求体,也要写否则火狐不能发送

                    //第四步 给异步对象的onreadystatechange注册监听器

                    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=function(){//当状态发生改变时执行

                        if(xmlHttp.readyState==4&&xmlHttp.status==200){

                            //获取服务器的响应

                            var text=xmlHttp.responseText;

                            

                            var h1=document.getElementById("h1");

                            h1.innerHTML=text;

                        }

                        

                    };

                };

            };

        </script>

    </head>

     

    <body>

    <!-- 我希望点击这个按钮是将服务器响应的内容 h1标签里输出出来 -->

    <button id="btn1">点击这里</button>

    <h1 id="h1"></h1>

    </body>

    Post请求

     

        <script type="text/javascript">

            function createXMLHttpRequest(){

                try {

                    return new XMLHttpRequest();//大多数的浏览器

                } catch (e) {

                    try {

                        return ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");//ie6.0

                    } catch (e) {

                        try {

                            return ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");//ie5.5或更早的

                        } catch (e) {

                            alert("哥们,你用的是什么浏览器啊!");

                            throw e;

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

            window.onload=function(){//在文档加载完毕之后执行

                var btn=document.getElementById("btn1");

                btn.onclick=function(){//给按钮的点击事件注册监听

                    /*

                    四步操作 获取服务器传来的东西

                    */

                    //第一步 拿到异步对象

                    var xmlHttp=createXMLHttpRequest();

                    //第二步 打开与服务器的连接 1请求方式 2请求路径 3是否为异步请求

                    /***********修改post***********/

                    xmlHttp.open("POST","<c:url value='/AServlet'/>",true);

                    /***********设置请求头 Content-type***********/

                    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

                    //第三步 发送请求体

                    /***********发送时给出请求体***********/

                    xmlHttp.send("username=张三&password=123");//get方式没有请求体,也要写否则火狐不能发送

                    //第四步 给异步对象的onreadystatechange注册监听器

                    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=function(){//当状态发生改变时执行

                        if(xmlHttp.readyState==4&&xmlHttp.status==200){

                            //获取服务器的响应

                            var text=xmlHttp.responseText;

                            

                            var h1=document.getElementById("h1");

                            h1.innerHTML=text;

                        }

                        

                    };

                };

            };

        </script>

    </head>

     

    <body>

    <!-- 我希望点击这个按钮是将服务器响应的内容 h1标签里输出出来 -->

    <button id="btn1">点击这里</button>

    <h1 id="h1"></h1>

    </body>

     

        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

                throws ServletException, IOException {

            req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

            resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

            String username=req.getParameter("username");

            

            System.out.println("(post)Hello ajax!"+username);

            resp.getWriter().print("(post)hello,ajax!"+username);

        }

     

     

    校验用户名是否注册过了。

    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

    <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>

    <%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";

    %>

     

    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

    <html>

    <head>

    <base href="<%=basePath%>">

     

    <title>My JSP 'ajax3.jsp' starting page</title>

     

        <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">

        <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">

        <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">

        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">

        <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">

        <!--

        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">

        -->

        <script type="text/javascript">

        function createXMLHttpRequest(){

            try {

                return new XMLHttpRequest();//大多数的浏览器

            } catch (e) {

                try {

                    return ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");//ie6.0

                } catch (e) {

                    try {

                        return ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");//ie5.5或更早的

                    } catch (e) {

                        alert("哥们,你用的是什么浏览器啊!");

                        throw e;

                    }

                }

            }

        }

            window.onload=function(){

                var userEle=document.getElementById("usernameEle");

                userEle.onblur=function(){

                    //1得到异步对象

                    var xmlHttp=createXMLHttpRequest();

                    //2打开连接

                    xmlHttp.open("POST","<c:url value='/ValidateUsername'/>",true);

                    //3设置请求头

                    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

                    //4发送请求

                    xmlHttp.send("username="+userEle.value);

                    //5xmlHttponreadystatechange注册监听

                    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=function(){

                        if(xmlHttp.readyState==4&&xmlHttp.status==200){

                            var text=xmlHttp.responseText;

                            var span=document.getElementById("span");

                            if(text==1){

                                

                                span.innerHTML="用户名已经注册!";

                            }else{

                                span.innerHTML="用户名可用!";

                            }

                            

                        }

                    };

                };

            };

        </script>

    </head>

     

    <body>

    This is my JSP page. <br>

    <h1>演示用户名是否已经被注册</h1>

    <form action="" method="post">

    用户名:<input type="text" name="username" id="usernameEle"><span id="span"></span><br>

    密码:<input type="password" name="username"><br>

    <input type="submit" value="提交">

     

    </form>

    </body>

    </html>

     

     

    package com.pcx.web.Servlet;

     

    import java.io.IOException;

     

    import javax.servlet.ServletException;

    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

     

    public class ValidateUsername extends HttpServlet {

     

        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                throws ServletException, IOException {

            request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

            /*

             * 拿到username

             * 判断是否为张三

             *     如果是返回1

             *     如果不是返回0

             */

            String username=request.getParameter("username");

            if ("zhangsan".equalsIgnoreCase(username) ){

                response.getWriter().print("1");

            }else{

                response.getWriter().print("0");

            }

        }

     

    }

     

    响应内容为Xml

     

        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                throws ServletException, IOException {

            String xml="<students>"+

                "<student number='201303014039'>"

                + "<name>张三</name>"

                + "<age>20</age>"

                + "<sex>male</sex>"

                + "</student>"

                + "</students>";

            response.setContentType("text/xml;charset=utf-8");

            response.getWriter().print(xml);

        }

     

     

    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

    <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>

    <%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";

    %>

     

    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

    <html>

    <head>

    <base href="<%=basePath%>">

     

    <title>My JSP 'ajax1.jsp' starting page</title>

     

        <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">

        <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">

        <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">

        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">

        <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">

        <!--

        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">

        -->

        <script type="text/javascript">

            function createXMLHttpRequest(){

                try {

                    return new XMLHttpRequest();//大多数的浏览器

                } catch (e) {

                    try {

                        return ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");//ie6.0

                    } catch (e) {

                        try {

                            return ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");//ie5.5或更早的

                        } catch (e) {

                            alert("哥们,你用的是什么浏览器啊!");

                            throw e;

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

            window.onload=function(){//在文档加载完毕之后执行

                var btn=document.getElementById("btn1");

                btn.onclick=function(){//给按钮的点击事件注册监听

                    /*

                    四步操作 获取服务器传来的东西

                    */

                    //第一步 拿到异步对象

                    var xmlHttp=createXMLHttpRequest();

                    //第二步 打开与服务器的连接 1请求方式 2请求路径 3是否为异步请求

                    xmlHttp.open("GET","<c:url value='/BServlet'/>",true);

                    //第三步 发送请求体

                    xmlHttp.send(null);//get方式没有请求体,也要写否则火狐不能发送

                    //第四步 给异步对象的onreadystatechange注册监听器

                    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=function(){//当状态发生改变时执行

                        if(xmlHttp.readyState==4&&xmlHttp.status==200){

                            //获取服务器的响应

                            var doc=xmlHttp.responseXML;

                        

                            var ele=doc.getElementsByTagName("student")[0];

                            var number=ele.getAttribute("number");

                            var name;

                            var age;

                            var sex;

                            //处理浏览器差异

                            if (window.addEventListener) {//其他浏览器

                                name=ele.getElementsByTagName("name")[0].textContent;

                            alert(name);

                                age=ele.getElementsByTagName("age")[0].textContent;

                                sex=ele.getElementsByTagName("sex")[0].textContent;

                            }else{//ie

                                name=ele.getElementsByTagName("name")[0].text;

                                age=ele.getElementsByTagName("age")[0].text;

                                sex=ele.getElementsByTagName("sex")[0].text;

                            }

                              

                              

                            

                            

                            var text=number+","+name+","+age+","+sex;

                            document.getElementById("h1").innerHTML=text;

                        }

                        

                    };

                };

            };

        </script>

    </head>

     

    <body>

    <!-- 我希望点击这个按钮是将服务器响应的内容 h1标签里输出出来 -->

    <button id="btn1">点击这里</button>

    <h1 id="h1"></h1>

    </body>

    </html>

     

     

    省市联动的案例

     

     

     

     

     

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chengzhipcx/p/5018924.html
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