MySQL经典查询场景

一、设有一数据库，包括四个表：学生表（Student）、课程表（Course）、成绩表（Score）以及教师信息表（Teacher）。用SQL语句创建四个表并完成相关题目。

表结构如下

#建学生信息表student  
create table student  
(  
sno varchar(20) not null primary key,  
sname varchar(20) not null,  
ssex varchar(20) not null,  
sbirthday datetime,  
class varchar(20)  
  
);  
#建立教师表  
create table teacher  
(  
tno varchar(20) not null primary key,  
tname varchar(20) not null,  
tsex varchar(20) not null,  
tbirthday datetime,  
prof varchar(20),  
depart varchar(20) not null  
  
);  
#建立课程表course  
create table course  
(  
cno varchar(20) not null primary key,  
cname varchar(20) not null,  
tno varchar(20) not null,  
foreign key(tno) references teacher(tno)  
  
);  
#建立成绩表  
create table score  
(  
sno varchar(20) not null primary key,  
foreign key(sno) references student(sno),  
cno varchar(20) not null,  
foreign key(cno) references course(cno),  
degree decimal  
  
);  
  
#添加学生信息  
insert into student values('108','曾华','男','1977-09-01','95033');  
insert into student values('105','匡明','男','1975-10-02','95031');  
insert into student values('107','王丽','女','1976-01-23','95033');  
insert into student values('101','李军','男','1976-02-20','95033');  
insert into student values('109','王芳','女','1975-02-10','95031');  
insert into student values('103','陆君','男','1974-06-03','95031');  
  
  
  
  
#添加教师表  
insert into teacher values('804','李诚','男','1958-12-02','副教授','计算机系');  
insert into teacher values('856','张旭','男','1969-03-12','讲师','电子工程系');  
insert into teacher values('825','王萍','女','1972-05-05','助教','计算机系');  
insert into teacher values('831','刘冰','女','1977-08-14','助教','电子工程系');  
  
#添加课程表  
insert into course values('3-105','计算机导论','825');  
insert into course values('3-245','操作系统','804');  
insert into course values('6-166','数字电路','856');  
insert into course values('9-888','高等数学','831');  
#添加成绩表  
  
insert into score values('103','3-245','86');  
insert into score values('105','3-245','75');  
insert into score values('109','3-245','68');  
insert into score values('103','3-105','92');  
insert into score values('105','3-105','88');  
insert into score values('109','3-105','76');  
insert into score values('103','3-105','64');  
insert into score values('105','3-105','91');  
insert into score values('109','3-105','78');  
insert into score values('103','6-166','85');  
insert into score values('105','6-166','79');  
insert into score values('109','6-166','81'); 

各种场景（这些题里面的答案，有些并不是最佳答案），每个题目，用一条SQL解决。

1、 查询Student表中的所有记录的Sname、Ssex和Class列。  
  
select Sname,Ssex,Class from student  
2、 查询教师所有的单位即不重复的Depart列。  
  
select distinct Depart fromteacher  
3、 查询Student表的所有记录。  
  
select *  from student  
4、 查询Score表中成绩在60到80之间的所有记录。  
  
select *  from Score where Degree between60and 80  
5、 查询Score表中成绩为85，86或88的记录。  
  
select *  from Score where Degree in(85,86,88)  
6、 查询Student表中“95031”班或性别为“女”的同学记录。  
  
select *  from Student where class='95031'orSsex='女'  
7、 以Class降序查询Student表的所有记录。  
  
select *  from student order by class desc  
8、 以Cno升序、Degree降序查询Score表的所有记录。  
  
select *  from Score order by cno asc,degree desc  
9、 查询“95031”班的学生人数。  
  
select count(*)  fromstudentwhere class='95031'  
10、查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号。（子查询或者排序）  
  
select Sno,Cno  from ScorewhereDegree=(selectmax(Degree)fromScore)  
  
select Sno,Cno  from Scoreorderby Degree desclimit 0,1  
11、查询每门课的平均成绩。  
  
select Cno,avg(degree) from Score groupbyCno  
12、查询Score表中至少有5名学生选修的并以3开头的课程的平均分数。  
  
select avg(Degree) fromscorewhere Cno like '3%'andCno in(selectCno from score group byCno having count(*)>=5) 用in不用= 是因为可能会有多个  
  
简单写法：selectavg(Degree)fromscore where Cno like'3%'and group by Cno havingcount(*)>=5  
13、查询分数大于70，小于90的Sno列。  
  
select Sno from Score where degree>70 anddegree<90  
14、查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree列。  
  
select  Sname, Cno,Degree from Score , student where Score.Sno=student.Sno  
15、查询所有学生的Sno、Cname和Degree列。  
  
select  Sno,Cname,Degree from Score , Course where Score.Cno=Course.Cno  
16、查询所有学生的Sname、Cname和Degree列。  
  
select Sname,Cname,Degree from student,course,score where student.Sno=score.Sno and course.Cno=score.Cno  join .. on   
  
写法：selectSname,Cname,Degreefromstudent join score onstudent.Sno=score.Snojoincourse on course.Cno=score.Cno  
17、查询“95033”班学生的平均分。  
  
select avg(degree) as'class=95033'fromScore whereSno in (selectSno from  Student whereClass='95033') 　  
18、 假设使用如下命令建立了一个grade表：  
create table grade(low  int(3),upp  int(3),rank  char(1))  
insert into grade values(90,100,’A’)  
insert into grade values(80,89,’B’)  
insert into grade values(70,79,’C’)  
insert into grade values(60,69,’D’)  
insert into grade values(0,59,’E’)  
现查询所有同学的Sno、Cno和rank列。  
  
select Sno,Cno,rank from Score,grade where degree between lowandupp  
19、查询选修“3-105”课程的成绩高于“109”号同学成绩的所有同学的记录。  
  
109同学，选修是3-105课的  
  
select * from score where Cno='3-105'anddegree>(selectmax(degree )fromScore where Sno='109'andCno='3-105')  
  
109同学，没有选修3-105课  
  
select * from score where Cno='3-105'anddegree>(selectmax(degree )fromScore where Sno='109')  
and degree<( selectmax(degree )fromScore where sno in(selectSnofrom score group bySnohaving count(*)>1))  
  
选了多门课程并且是这个课程下不是最高分的  
  
select * from score a where Sno in(selectSno from score group bySno having count(*)>1)anddegree<( select max(degree )fromScore b where b.cno = a.cno)  
21、查询成绩高于学号为“109”、课程号为“3-105”的成绩的所有记录。  
  
Select * from score where degree>(selectdegreefrom Score where Sno='109'andCno='3-105')  
22、查询和学号为108、101的同学同年出生的所有学生的Sno、Sname和Sbirthday列。  
  
select sno,sname,sbirthday  from student where year(sbirthday) = (selectyear(sbirthday)fromstudent where  sno='108')  
  
select sno,sname,sbirthday  from student where year(sbirthday) = (selectyear(sbirthday)fromstudent where  sno='101')  
23、查询“张旭“教师任课的学生成绩。  
  
select Sno,degree from score,Course wherescore.Cno=Course.CnoandCourse.Tno= (selectTnofrom Teacher where Tname='张旭')  
  
select degree from scorewhereCno in (selectcno from course whereTno= (selectTnofrom Teacher where Tname='张旭' ) )  
24、查询选修某课程的同学人数多于5人的教师姓名。  
  
select Tname from Teacher,  CoursewhereTeacher.Tno=Course.TnoandCourse.Cno =(selectCnofrom Score group byCnohaving count(*)>5)  
  
select Tname from Teacherwheretno=( select Tno fromCourse where cno=( selectCno from Score groupbyCno havingcount(*)>5 ))  
25、查询95033班和95031班全体学生的记录。  
  
select * from  student where  class in('95033','95031')  
26、查询存在有85分以上成绩的课程Cno.  
  
select Cno from score where degree>85  
27、查询出“计算机系“教师所教课程的成绩表。  
  
select * from course  where cno in(selectcno from course  where tnoin(selecttno from teacher where Depart='计算机系'))  
28、查询“计算 机系”与“电子工程系“不同职称的教师的Tname和Prof。  
  
select Tname,Prof from TeacherwhereDepart ='计算机系'andProf  notin(selectProf from Teacher whereDepart ='电子工程系')<br>union<br>selectTname,Prof from Teacherwhere Depart ='电子工程系'andProf  notin(selectProf from Teacher whereDepart ='计算机系')  
29、查询选修编号为“3-105“课程且成绩至少高于选修编号为“3-245”的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree,并按Degree从高到低次序排序。  
any:代表括号中任意一个成绩就可以  
  
select Cno,Sno,Degree from score where cno='3-105'anddegree >any(selectdegreefrom score where cno='3-245')order bydegree  desc  
30、查询选修编号为“3-105”且成绩高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree.  
  
all:代表括号中的所有成绩  
select Cno,Sno,Degree from score where cno='3-105'anddegree >all(selectdegreefrom score where cno='3-245')order bydegree desc  
31、查询所有教师和同学的name、sex和birthday.  
  
select tname,tsex,tbirthday from Teacher union selectsname,ssex,sbirthdayfromStudent  
32、查询所有“女”教师和“女”同学的name、sex和birthday.  
  
select Tname,Tsex,Tbirthday from Teacher where Tsex='女'unionselect Sname,Ssex,Sbirthdayfrom Student where Ssex='女'  
33、查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表。  
  
select * from score a  where degree < (selectavg(degree)fromscore b where b.cno=a.cno)  
34、查询所有任课教师的Tname和Depart.  
  
select Tname,Depart from Teacher where tnoin(selecttnofrom course )  
35、查询所有未讲课的教师的Tname和Depart.  
  
select Tname,Depart from Teacher where Tnonotin (selectTno from Course wherecno in (selectcno from score  ))  
36、查询至少有2名男生的班号。  
  
select class from studentwheressex='男'groupby class havingcount(*)>1  
37、查询Student表中不姓“王”的同学记录。  
  
select * from Student where Sname not like'王%%'  
38、查询Student表中每个学生的姓名和年龄。  
  
select Sname, year(now())-year(sbirthday) fromStudent  
39、查询Student表中最大和最小的Sbirthday日期值。  
  
select Max(Sbirthday ),Min(Sbirthday )fromStudent  
40、以班号和年龄从大到小的顺序查询Student表中的全部记录。  
  
select * from Student  order by  class desc, Sbirthday  
41、查询“男”教师及其所上的课程。  
  
select Tname,Cname from course,teacher where course.tno= teacher.tno and teacher.Tsex='男'  
42、查询最高分同学的Sno、Cno和Degree列。  
  
select Sno,Cno,Degree from score where degree=(selectmax(degree)fromscore)  
  
排序写法：select Sno,Cno,Degree from score order bydegreedesc limit 0,1  
  
43、查询和“李军”同性别的所有同学的Sname.  
  
select Sname from StudentwhereSsex = (selectSsexfrom Student where Sname='李军')  
44、查询和“李军”同性别并同班的同学Sname.  
  
select Sname from StudentwhereSsex = (selectSsexfrom Student where Sname='李军')and class=( select classfromstudent where Sname='李军')  
45、查询所有选修“计算机导论”课程的“男”同学的成绩表。  
  
select Sno,Cno,degree from score where Cno=(selectCno from course whereCname='计算机导论')andSno in(selectSno from student where Ssex='男')

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_23994787/article/details/77161741