ansible 模块之在学习--lineinfile

一、lineinfile 模块

　　作用：替换、移除文件的单行  
　　提示：多行替换参考replace模块

二、实践
  playbook，我先定义前面common部分。   
---
 - hosts: "`host`"
   remote_user: "`user`"
   gather_facts: false
   tasks:
    由于我已经定义标签tags，执行playbook中某个特定任务时，只需执行到对应TAGNAME便可
 ansible-playbook line1.yml --extra-vars "host=gitlab user=root" --tags "TAGNAME" -v

1、正则匹配，更改某个关键参数值    
   - name: seline modify enforcing
      lineinfile:
         dest: /etc/selinux/config
         regexp: '^SELINUX='
         line: 'SELINUX=enforcing'
验证   
[root@master test]# cat /etc/selinux/config
 
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=enforcing
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

2、在匹配的内容前或后增加一行

2.1 http.conf   
[root@master test]# cat http.conf 
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
#Listen 80
#Port
2.2 insertbefore匹配内容在前面添加    
    - name: httpd.conf modify 8080
      lineinfile:
         dest: /opt/playbook/test/http.conf
         regexp: '^Listen'
         insertbefore: '^#Port'   
         line: 'Listen 8080'
      tags:
       - http8080

   验证   
[root@master test]# cat http.conf 
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
#Listen 80
Listen 8080
#Port

2.3 insertafter匹配内容在后面添加  
- name: httpd.conf modify 8080
      lineinfile:
         dest: /opt/playbook/test/http.conf
         regexp: '^Listen'
         insertafter: '^#Port'   
         line: 'Listen 8080'
      tags:
       - http8080

    验证    
[root@master test]# cat http.conf 
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
#Listen 80
#Port
Listen 8080

3.修改文件内容和权限
3.1 原文件内容及权限  
[root@master test]# cat hosts
127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain localhost ::1       localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.1.2 foo.lab.net foo
root@master test]# ls -l hosts
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root qingyun 111 12月 13 18:07 hosts
3.2 剧本   
    - name: modify hosts
      lineinfile:
         dest: /opt/playbook/test/hosts
         regexp: '^127.0.0.1'
         line: '127.0.0.1 localhosts'
         owner: root
         group: root
         mode: 0644
      tags:
       - hosts

3.3 执行验证   
[root@master test]# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhosts
192.168.1.2 foo.lab.net foo
[root@master test]# ls -l hosts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49 12月 13 18:16 hosts

4、删除某一行内容
4.1 原文件   
[root@master test]# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhosts
192.168.1.2 foo.lab.net foo

4.2 absent剧本   
- name: delete 192.168.1.1
      lineinfile:
         dest:  /opt/playbook/test/hosts
         state: absent
         regexp: '^192.'
      tags:
       - delete192

4.3 验证
[root@master test]# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhosts

5、文件存在就添加一行
5.1原文件   
[root@master test]# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhosts

5.2 剧本  
    - name: add a line
      lineinfile:
         dest:  /opt/playbook/test/hosts
         line: '192.168.1.2 foo.lab.net foo'
      tags:
       - add_a_line

5.3 验证   
[root@master test]# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhosts
192.168.1.2 foo.lab.net foo


6、如果匹配到，引用line这一行作为替换。如果没有匹配到，则完全引用line这一行作为添加

6.1 原文件   
[root@master test]# cat testfile
# %wheel   ALL=(ALL)   ALL
6.2 剧本   
    - name: Fully quoted a line
      lineinfile:
         dest: /opt/playbook/test/testfile
         state: present
         regexp: '^%wheel'
         line: '%wheel  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL'
 
      tags:
        - testfile

6.3 验证    
[root@master test]# cat testfile
# %wheel   ALL=(ALL)   ALL
%wheel  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

6.4 原文件    
[root@master test]# cat testfile
# %wheel   ALL=(ALL)   ALL
%wheel  1234  ALL =(all) NOPASSWD

6.5 验证   
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
 
PLAY [gitlab] ******************************************************************
 
TASK [Fully quoted a line] *****************************************************
changed: [master] => {"backup": "", "changed": true, "msg": "line replaced"}
 
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
master                     : ok=1    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0   
 
[root@master test]# cat testfile
# %wheel   ALL=(ALL)   ALL
%wheel  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

7、关于参数backrefs，backup使用。

    backrefs为no时，如果没有匹配,则添加一行line。如果匹配了，则把匹配内容替被换为line内容。

    backrefs为yes时，如果没有匹配，则文件保持不变。如果匹配了，把匹配内容替被换为line内容。

    backup为no时，没有匹配，则添加。如果匹配了，则替换

    backup为yes时，没有匹配，添加，如果匹配了，则替换


7.1 需要关心的,backrefs为yes时情景
7.1.1 原文件    
[root@master test]# cat testfile
# %wheel   ALL=(ALL)   ALL
%wheel  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL
#?bar


7.1.2 剧本   
    - name: test backrefs
      lineinfile:
#          backup: yes
          state: present
          dest: /opt/playbook/test/testfile
          regexp: '^#?bar'
          backrefs: yes
          line: 'bar'
      tags:
        - test_backrefs

7.1.3 验证   
[root@master test]# cat testfile
# %wheel   ALL=(ALL)   ALL
%wheel  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL
bar

7.1.3 没有匹配   
[root@master test]# cat testfile
# %wheel   ALL=(ALL)   ALL
%wheel  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

7.1.4 验证    
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
 
PLAY [gitlab] ******************************************************************
 
TASK [test backrefs] ***********************************************************
ok: [master] => {"backup": "", "changed": false, "msg": ""}
 
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
master                     : ok=1    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

文件保持不变
8、使用valiate参数，在保存sudoers文件前，验证语法，如果有错，执行时，会报出来，重新编辑playbook

8.1 剧本    
- name: test validate
      lineinfile:
          dest: /etc/sudoers
          state: present
          regexp: '^%ADMIN ALL='
          line: '%ADMIN ALL=(ALL)'
          validate: 'visudo -cf %s'
      tags:
        - testsudo

8.2 执行验证就说语法不过关
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
 
PLAY [gitlab] ******************************************************************
 
TASK [test validate] ***********************************************************
fatal: [master]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "failed": true, "msg": "failed to validate: rc:1 error:visudo：>>> /tmp/tmpgQjHYM：syntax error 在行 114 附近<<<
"}
    to retry, use: --limit @/opt/playbook/test/line1.retry
 
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
master                     : ok=0    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=1




原文链接: http://blog.51cto.com/zuoqinyun/1882367