nginx的安装配置

nginx的安装配置

1、下载安装PCRE， 是一个用C语言编写的正则表达式函数库

2、下载zlib库：zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz cd zlib-1.2.8

3、下载SSL：openssl-1.0.1c.tar.gz

　　yum install -y openssl-devel   【很重要，经常报错无法安装】

4、下载nginx：nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz

5、解压安装 ：./configure && make && make install

　　　　　　　./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.8.1 --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_spdy_module--with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre

6、启动nginx： /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

7、设置开机自动启动（shell脚本处理）

[root@localhost logs]# vi /etc/init.d/nginx

 

添加以下shell脚本。

 

#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
#              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
   echo "nginx already running...."
   exit 1
fi
   echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
   daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
   RETVAL=$?
   echo
   [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
   return $RETVAL
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
        killproc $nginxd
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx.pid
}
# reload nginx service functions.
reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
    killproc $nginxd -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
        start
        ;;
stop)
        stop
        ;;
reload)
        reload
        ;;
restart)
        stop
        start
        ;;
status)
        status $prog
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
*)
        echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
        exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL

保存后，设置权限让所有人可以操作。

[root@localhost ~]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx 

[root@localhost logs]#  /etc/init.d/nginx status
nginx (pid 2417 2416) is running...
[root@localhost logs]#  /etc/init.d/nginx stop
Stopping nginx: [  OK  ]
[root@localhost logs]#  /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx: [  OK  ]
[root@localhost logs]#  /etc/init.d/nginx status
nginx (pid 2454 2452) is running...

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/rc.local

添加：

/etc/init.d/nginx start

 

重启电脑就会生效。

注意：脚本里面关于启动目录的，如果你的安装地址不一样，要进行修改。

 

 

===============================================================

 

负载均衡配置：

现有两部服务器：

192.168.137.197     （按照以上操作安装有nginx，作为转发机，虚拟机）

192.168.137.33     （无安装nginx，运行有测试用的web工程，虚拟机）

10.10.33.59    （无安装nginx，运行有测试用的web工程，本地电脑地址）

，运行有测试用的web工程

127.0.0.1 web_app

[root@a conf]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

配置如下展示：

worker_processes 8;
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 102400;
}
http
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
  fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
  charset  utf-8;
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 4k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 300m;
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;

  keepalive_timeout 60;

  tcp_nodelay on;
  client_body_buffer_size  512k;

  proxy_connect_timeout    5;
  proxy_read_timeout       60;
  proxy_send_timeout       5;
  proxy_buffer_size        16k;
  proxy_buffers            4 64k;
  proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;

  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.1;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;

###2012-12-19 change nginx logs
log_format  main  '$http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
              '"$http_user_agent"  $request_time $remote_addr';

upstream web_app {
server 192.168.137.197:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 192.168.137.33:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 10.10.33.59:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
}  

####chinaapp.sinaapp.com
server {  
    listen 80; 
    server_name  chinaapp.sinaapp.com;
    index index.jsp index.html index.htm;
    #发布目录/data/www
    root  /data/www;

    location / 
    {  
    proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
    proxy_set_header Host  $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_pass http://web_app;
    expires      3d;
    }  
  }  
}

设置host：

[root@a conf]# vi /etc/hosts

添加hosts：

127.0.0.1 web_app

 

启动nginx

[root@localhost nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

 

启动三部服务器的web应用：

在192.168.137.197执行指令：

[root@a PROGRAM]# curl "http://web_app/index.jsp"

测试结果如下：

 

 

 

常见问题及解决办法：

1、安装PCRE时提示configure: error: You need a C++ compiler for C++ support.

原因是没有安装c++编译器，采用下面的命令安装：

[root@localhost pcre-8.37]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++

 

2、启动nginx失败

[root@localhost nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

原因是64bit的系统，但是默认取了/usr/local/lib里面的包

检查方法：

[root@localhost nginx]# cd /usr/local/

[root@localhost local]# ls /lib64/ |grep pcre
libpcre.so.0
libpcre.so.0.0.1
[root@localhost local]# ls /lib/ |grep pcre

说明缺失的包在lib64

设置软连接来解决：

[root@localhost local]# ln -s /lib64/libpcre.so.0.0.1 /lib64/libpcre.so.1
[root@localhost local]# cd nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

3、启动报错：

报错：nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

解决办法：sudo fuser -k 80/tcp

端口被占用，关闭占用端口