大家是如何对webApi写测试的呢？
1.利用Fiddler直接做请求，观察response的内容。
2.利用Httpclient做请求，断言response的内容。
3.直接调用webApi的action,这种方式的测试跟真实的调用还是有一定差距，不够完美。
接下来我介绍一种webApi的in-memory调用方法，也能够达到对webApi的测试，并且由于是in-memory调用，效率也比较高，非常适写单元测试。本文参考了In memory client, host and integration testing of your Web API service。
一、首先写一个OrderController用来做测试用
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public class OrderController : ApiController
{
// GET api/order
public Order Get()
{
return new Order(){Id = 1,Descriptions = "descriptions",Name = "name"};
}
// GET api/order/5
public string Get(int id)
{
return "value";
}
// POST api/order
public Order Post(Order order)
{
return order;
}
// DELETE api/order/5
public void Delete(int id)
{
}
}
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二、WebApi的请求过程
webApi的核心是对消息的管道处理，整个核心是有一系列消息处理器(HttpMessageHandler)首尾连接的双向管道，管道头为HttpServer,管道尾为HttpControllerDispatcher,HttpControllerDispatcher负责对controller的激活和action的执行，然后相应的消息逆向流出管道。
所以我们可以利用HttpMessageInvoker将一个请求消息HttpRequestMessage发送到管道中，最后收到的消息HttpResponseMessage就代表一个真实的请求响应。
三、Get请求的测试
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[Test]
public void GetTest()
{
string baseAddress = "http://localhost:33203/";
HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration();
WebApiConfig.Register(config);
config.IncludeErrorDetailPolicy = IncludeErrorDetailPolicy.Always;
HttpServer server = new HttpServer(config);
HttpMessageInvoker messageInvoker = new HttpMessageInvoker(server);
CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
HttpRequestMessage request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, baseAddress + "api/order");
using (HttpResponseMessage response = messageInvoker.SendAsync(request, cts.Token).Result)
{
var content = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
var result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Order>(content);
result.Name.Should().Be("name");
}
}
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四、Post请求的测试
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[Test]
public void PostTest()
{
string baseAddress = "http://localhost:33203/";
HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration();
WebApiConfig.Register(config);
config.IncludeErrorDetailPolicy = IncludeErrorDetailPolicy.Always;
HttpServer server = new HttpServer(config);
HttpMessageInvoker messageInvoker = new HttpMessageInvoker(server);
CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
HttpRequestMessage request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, baseAddress + "api/order");
var order = new Order() { Id = 1, Name = "orderName", Descriptions = "orderDescriptions" };
request.Content = new ObjectContent<Order>(order, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
using (HttpResponseMessage response = messageInvoker.SendAsync(request, cts.Token).Result)
{
var content = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(order, new JsonSerializerSettings() { ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver() });
response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result.Should().Be(content);
}
}
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