C#字符串、字符串数组、字节、字节数组和16进制，8进制，2进制相互转换 及数字和ASCII码互转

最近做硬件物联网IOT、MQTT、TCPIP网络编程，经常被各种进制和字符串之间的转换弄的头疼，麻蛋的，索性抄袭几篇博客，合兵一处，整理如下：

1.请问c#中如何将十进制数的字符串转化成十六进制数的字符串

//十进制转二进制
Console.WriteLine("十进制166的二进制表示: "+Convert.ToString(166, 2));
//十进制转八进制
Console.WriteLine("十进制166的八进制表示: "+Convert.ToString(166, 8));
//十进制转十六进制
Console.WriteLine("十进制166的十六进制表示: "+Convert.ToString(166, 16));
    
//二进制转十进制
Console.WriteLine("二进制 111101 的十进制表示: "+Convert.ToInt32("111101", 2));
//八进制转十进制
Console.WriteLine("八进制 44 的十进制表示: "+Convert.ToInt32("44", 8));
//十六进制转十进制
Console.WriteLine("十六进制 CC的十进制表示: "+Convert.ToInt32("CC", 16));

2.在串口通讯过程中，经常要用到 16进制与字符串、字节数组之间的转换

private string StringToHexString(string s,Encoding encode)
        {
            byte[] b = encode.GetBytes(s);//按照指定编码将string编程字节数组
            string result = string.Empty;
            for (int i = 0; i < b.Length; i++)//逐字节变为16进制字符，以%隔开
            {
                result += "%"+Convert.ToString(b[i], 16);
            }
            return result;
        }
        private string HexStringToString(string hs, Encoding encode)
        {
            //以%分割字符串，并去掉空字符
            string[] chars = hs.Split(new char[]{'%'},StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            byte[] b = new byte[chars.Length];
            //逐个字符变为16进制字节数据
            for (int i = 0; i < chars.Length; i++)
            {
                b[i] = Convert.ToByte(chars[i], 16);
            }
            //按照指定编码将字节数组变为字符串
            return encode.GetString(b);
        }

 


        /// <summary>
        /// 字符串转16进制字节数组
        /// </summary>
       /// <param name="hexString"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static byte[] strToToHexByte(string hexString)
        {
             hexString = hexString.Replace(" ", "");
           if ((hexString.Length % 2) != 0)
                 hexString += " ";
            byte[] returnBytes = new byte[hexString.Length / 2];
            for (int i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++)
                returnBytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16);
            return returnBytes;
         }
 

 


/// <summary>
        /// 字节数组转16进制字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="bytes"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string byteToHexStr(byte[] bytes)
       {
            string returnStr = "";
            if (bytes != null)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
                {
                     returnStr += bytes[i].ToString("X2");
                 }
             }
            return returnStr;
         }
 

 


/// <summary>
        /// 从汉字转换到16进制
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="s"></param>
        /// <param name="charset">编码,如"utf-8","gb2312"</param>
        /// <param name="fenge">是否每字符用逗号分隔</param>
       /// <returns></returns>
        public static string ToHex(string s, string charset, bool fenge)
        {
            if ((s.Length % 2) != 0)
            {
                 s += " ";//空格
                //throw new ArgumentException("s is not valid chinese string!");
             }
             System.Text.Encoding chs = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(charset);
            byte[] bytes = chs.GetBytes(s);
            string str = "";
            for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
            {
                str += string.Format("{0:X}", bytes[i]);
                if (fenge && (i != bytes.Length - 1))
                {
                     str += string.Format("{0}", ",");
                 }
             }
            return str.ToLower();
         }
 

 


///<summary>
        /// 从16进制转换成汉字
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hex"></param>
        /// <param name="charset">编码,如"utf-8","gb2312"</param>
       /// <returns></returns>
        public static string UnHex(string hex, string charset)
        {
           if (hex == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("hex");
             hex = hex.Replace(",", "");
             hex = hex.Replace("
", "");
             hex = hex.Replace("\", "");
             hex = hex.Replace(" ", "");
            if (hex.Length % 2 != 0)
            {
                 hex += "20";//空格
             }
            // 需要将 hex 转换成 byte 数组。 
            byte[] bytes = new byte[hex.Length / 2];

           for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
            {
                try
                {
                    // 每两个字符是一个 byte。 
                     bytes[i] = byte.Parse(hex.Substring(i * 2, 2),
                     System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber);
                 }
                catch
                {
                    // Rethrow an exception with custom message. 
                    throw new ArgumentException("hex is not a valid hex number!", "hex");
                 }
             }
             System.Text.Encoding chs = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(charset);
            return chs.GetString(bytes);
         }

1.字符串=>比特数组

(1)byte[] bt=System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes("字符串");

(2)byte[] bt=Convert.FromBase64String("字符串");

补充：

System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(str);
System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetBytes(str); //指定编码方式

string str = "中国？ss123?";
byte[] bytes = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str); //gb2312编码 汉字占2个字节、英文字母占1个字节 bytes长度为12
string s = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(new byte[] { bytes[0],bytes[1] });//解码后为“中”

byte[] bytes = {97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102};  
string str = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes); //结果为：abcdef  ASCII码表

      常用方法：

GetString  已重载。 在派生类中重写时，将一个字节序列解码为一个字符串。
GetChars   已重载。 在派生类中重写时，将一个字节序列解码为一组字符。
GetBytes   已重载。 在派生类中重写时，将一组字符编码为一个字节序列。

GetByteCount  已重载。 在派生类中重写时，计算对一组字符进行编码所产生的字节数。
GetCharCount  已重载。 在派生类中被重写时，计算对字节序列进行解码所产生的字符数。

GetDecoder 在派生类中重写时，获取一个解码器，该解码器将已编码的字节序列转换为字符序列。
GetEncoder 在派生类中重写时，获取一个解码器，该解码器将Unicode字符序列转换为已编码的字节序列

2.比特数组=>字符串

(1)string str=System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(bt);

(2)string str=Convert.ToBase64String(bt);

3.字符串=>流

(1)MemoryStream ms=new MemoryStream(System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes("字符串"));

(2)MemoryStream ms=new MemoryStream(Convert.FromBase64String("字符串"));

4.流=>字符串

(1)string str=Convert.ToBase64String(ms.ToArray());

(2)string str=System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(ms.ToArray());

5.比特数组=>流

(1)MemoryStream ms=new MemoryStream(bt);

(2)MemoryStream ms=new MemoryStream();ms.Read(bt,0,bt.Lenght);

6.流=>比特数组

(1)byte[] bt=ms.ToArray();

(2)MemoryStream ms=new MemoryStream();ms.Write(bt,0,ms.Length);

7、ASCII码<-------->数字互转

//ASCII码转字符：

public static int Asc(string character)
   {
    if (character.Length == 1)
    {
     System.Text.ASCIIEncoding asciiEncoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding();
     int intAsciiCode = (int)asciiEncoding.GetBytes(character)[0];
     return (intAsciiCode);
    }
    else
    {
     throw new Exception("Character is not valid.");
    }


   }


//数字转ASCII码转字符：


public static string Chr(int asciiCode)
   {
    if (asciiCode >= 0 && asciiCode <= 255)
    {
     System.Text.ASCIIEncoding asciiEncoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding();
     byte[] byteArray = new byte[] { (byte)asciiCode };
     string strCharacter = asciiEncoding.GetString(byteArray);
     return (strCharacter);
    }
    else
    {
     throw new Exception("ASCII Code is not valid.");
    }


}

 实战，解析如下字符串：

0x78,0x32,0x61,0x61,0x30,0x32,0x30,0x30,0x39,0x30,0x37,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x31,0x02,0x58,0x00,0xC8,0x02,0x74,0x00,0x00,0x4E,0x39,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x1D,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x61,0x0C,0xF0,0x0C,0xEC,0x44,0x44,0x13,0x0C,0xEC,0x0C,0xED,0x0C,0xED,0x0C,0xED,0x0C,0xEC,0x0C,0xEC,0x0C,0xF0,0x0C,0xEF,0x0C,0xEC,0x0C,0xEF,0x0C,0xEF,0x0C,0xEF,0x0C,0xEE,0x0C,0xEE,0x0C,0xEE,0x0C,0xEF,0x0C,0xEE,0x0C,0xEE,0x0C,0xED,0x02,0x44,0x44,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00

    public class btinfoModel
    {
        public  Dictionary<string, int> Dic = new Dictionary<string, int>();
        public btinfoModel() { }
        public btinfoModel(string btinfo)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(btinfo))
            {
                return;
            }
            var By48 = btinfo.Replace("0x", "");
            var ByAry = By48.Split(',').ToList();
            List<int> lst = new List<int>();

            foreach (var item in ByAry)
            {
                var No = Convert.ToInt32(item, 16);
                lst.Add(No);
                //Console.WriteLine("数值为：" + No);
            }

            Dictionary<string, int> Dic = new Dictionary<string, int>();
            Dic.Add("BettaryNum", 16);//电池编号
            Dic.Add("Voltage", 2);//电池电压
            Dic.Add("Caption", 2);//电池容量
            Dic.Add("TotalVoltage", 2);//总电压
            Dic.Add("Electric", 2);//电流
            Dic.Add("BettaryStatus", 1);//电池状态
            Dic.Add("SOC", 1);//soc 电量
            Dic.Add("MOS", 1);//MOS状态
            Dic.Add("ljfdrl", 2);//累计放电容量
            Dic.Add("ljcdrl", 2);//累计充电容量
            Dic.Add("softVersion", 2);//软件版本号
            Dic.Add("heardWareVersion", 2);//硬件版本号
            Dic.Add("MaxSigVoltage", 2);//最大单体电压
            Dic.Add("MinSigVoltage", 2);//最小单体电压
            Dic.Add("MaxTemperature", 1);//最大温度
            Dic.Add("MinTemperature", 1);//最小温度

            var SkipVoltageNum = 0;
            foreach (var item in Dic)
            {
                SkipVoltageNum += item.Value;
            }
            Dic.Add("VoltageNum", 1);//电压个数
            var VoltageNum = lst.Skip(SkipVoltageNum).Take(1).ToList()[0];
            Dic.Add("SigVoltage", VoltageNum * 2);//单体电压
            var SkipTemperature = 0;
            foreach (var item in Dic)
            {
                SkipTemperature += item.Value;
            }
            Dic.Add("TemperatureNum", 1);//温度个数
            var TemperatureNum = lst.Skip(SkipTemperature).Take(1).ToList()[0];
            Dic.Add("SigTemperature", TemperatureNum * 1);//单体温度
            Dic.Add("Mos_1", 1);//Mos_1
            Dic.Add("Mos_2", 1);//Mos_2
            Dic.Add("Police", 2);//报警
            Dic.Add("ljqcbcs", 2);//连接器插拔次数
            Dic.Add("ljcdcs", 2);//累计充电次数
            Dic.Add("cdqcdcs", 2);//充电器充电次数
            Dic.Add("dgcdcs", 2);//电柜充电次数
            Dic.Add("ggStatus", 1);//观感状态

            //var TotalLength = 0;
            //foreach (var item in Dic)
            //{
            //    TotalLength += item.Value;
            //}
            int TotalNum = 0;
            foreach (var item in Dic)
            {
                var result = lst.Skip(TotalNum).Take(item.Value).ToList();
                TotalNum += item.Value;
                switch (item.Key)
                {
                    case "BettaryNum": this.BettaryNum = GetAsciiByIntAry(result); break;
                    case "Voltage": this.Voltage = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "Caption": this.Caption = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "TotalVoltage": this.TotalVoltage = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "Electric": this.Electric = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "BettaryStatus": this.BettaryStatus = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "SOC": this.SOC = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "MOS": this.MOS = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "ljfdrl": this.ljfdrl = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "ljcdrl": this.ljcdrl = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "softVersion": this.softVersion = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "heardWareVersion": this.heardWareVersion = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "MaxSigVoltage": this.MaxSigVoltage = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "MinSigVoltage": this.MinSigVoltage = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "MaxTemperature": this.MaxTemperature = GetValue(result)-40; break;
                    case "MinTemperature": this.MinTemperature = GetValue(result)-40; break;
                    case "VoltageNum": this.VoltageNum = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "SigVoltage": this.SigVoltage = string.Join(",", GetSigVoltageValue(result)); break;
                    case "TemperatureNum": this.TemperatureNum = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "SigTemperature": this.SigTemperature = GetSigTemperature(result); break;
                    case "Mos_1": this.Mos_1 = GetValue(result)-40; break;
                    case "Mos_2": this.Mos_2 = GetValue(result)-40; break;
                    case "Police": this.Police = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "ljqcbcs": this.ljqcbcs = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "ljcdcs": this.ljcdcs = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "cdqcdcs": this.cdqcdcs = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "dgcdcs": this.dgcdcs = GetValue(result); break;
                    case "ggStatus": this.ggStatus = GetValue(result); break;
                }
            }

        }

        public string BettaryNum { get; set; } //电池串号 16位
        public int Voltage { get; set; } //电池电压
        public int Caption { get; set; } //电池容量
        public int TotalVoltage { get; set; } //总电压
        public int Electric { get; set; } //电流
        public int BettaryStatus { get; set; } //电池状态
        public string BettaryStatusString { get { return GetBattaryStatus(BettaryStatus); } } //电池状态
        public int SOC { get; set; } //soc 电量
        public int MOS { get; set; } //MOS状态
        public string MOSEjz { get { return GetEjzByInt(MOS, 8); } } //MOS状态 二进制
        public string MOSEjzString { get { return GetMosEjzString(MOSEjz); } }  //MOS状态 中文
        public int ljfdrl { get; set; } //累计放电容量
        public int ljcdrl { get; set; } //累计充电容量
        public int softVersion { get; set; } //软件版本号
        public int heardWareVersion { get; set; } //硬件版本号
        public int MaxSigVoltage { get; set; } //最大单体电压
        public int MinSigVoltage { get; set; } //最小单体电压
        public int MaxTemperature { get; set; } //最大温度
        public int MinTemperature { get; set; } //最小温度
        public int VoltageNum { get; set; } //电压个数
        public string SigVoltage { get; set; } //单体电压 = 电压个数*2
        public int TemperatureNum { get; set; } //温度个数
        public string SigTemperature { get; set; } //单体温度 =温度个数*1
        public int Mos_1 { get; set; } //Mos_1
        public int Mos_2 { get; set; } //Mos_2
        public int Police { get; set; } //报警
        public string PoliceEjz { get { return GetEjzByInt(Police); } }//報警二進制
        public string PoliceEjzString { get { return GetEjzString(PoliceEjz); } }//報警二進制对应的报警值 中文
        public int ljqcbcs { get; set; } //连接器插拔次数
        public int ljcdcs { get; set; } //累计充电次数
        public int cdqcdcs { get; set; } //充电器充电次数
        public int dgcdcs { get; set; } //电柜充电次数
        public int ggStatus { get; set; } //观感状态

        #region 方法集
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取电池状态
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sb"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GetBattaryStatus(int sb)
        {
            var result = GetAsciiByInt(sb);
            if (result == "C")
            {
                return "充电";
            }
            else if (result == "D")
            {
                return "放电";
            }
            else if (result == "N")
            {
                return "静止";
            }
            return "暂无电池状态";
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取电池串号
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Ary"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GetAsciiByIntAry(List<int> Ary)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;
            foreach (var item in Ary)
            {
                result += GetAsciiByInt(item);
            }
            return result;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据数字获取ASCII码
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="num"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GetAsciiByInt(int asciiCode)
        {
            if (asciiCode >= 0 && asciiCode <= 255)
            {
                System.Text.ASCIIEncoding asciiEncoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding();
                byte[] byteArray = new byte[] { (byte)asciiCode };
                string strCharacter = asciiEncoding.GetString(byteArray);
                return (strCharacter);
            }
            else
            {
                throw new Exception("ASCII Code is not valid.");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 16进制转十进制 具体参考十六进制的数值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Ary"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private  int GetValue(List<int> Ary)
        {
            double result = 0;
            var cm = 0;
            cm = Ary.Count;
            foreach (var item in Ary)
            {
                if (cm - 1 == 0)
                {
                    result += item;
                }
                else
                {
                    result += item * Math.Pow(16, (cm * 2 - 2));
                    cm--;
                }

            }
            return Convert.ToInt32(result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 计算单体电压 单体电压占2字节，因此需要两字节合兵一起计算
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Ary"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private List<int> GetSigVoltageValue(List<int> SigVoltage)
        {
            List<int> AeryList = new List<int>();
            var cc = SigVoltage.Count;
            for(int i = 0; i < cc / 2; i++)
            {
                var Aery = SigVoltage.Skip(i * 2).Take(2).ToList();
                var result = GetValue(Aery);
                AeryList.Add(result);
            }
            return AeryList;
        }

        private string GetSigTemperature(List<int> Ary)
        {
            List<int> result = new List<int>();
            foreach (var item in Ary)
            {
                var citem = item - 40;
                result.Add(citem);
            }
            return string.Join(",", result.ToArray());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Number">数字</param>
        /// <param name="bitNum">位数 16位沾二字节 8位占一字节</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GetEjzByInt(int Number,int bitNum=16)
        {
            var result = Convert.ToString((ushort)Number, 2);
            var len = result.Length;
            if (len < 16)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < bitNum - len; i++)
                {
                    result = "0" + result;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据二进制 获取报警值
        /// 0000000000000011  數字3  從右至左移位  非别为0到15位
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ejz"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GetEjzString(string ejz)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;
            var charAry = ejz.ToCharArray();
            foreach (var item in charAry)
            {
                if (item.ToString() == "1")
                {
                    switch (charAry.ToList().IndexOf(item))
                    {
                        case 0: result+="MOS温度高_"; break;
                        case 1: result+= "短路_"; break;
                        case 2: result+= "放电低温_"; break;
                        case 3: result+= "放电高温_"; break;
                        case 4: result+= "充电低温_"; break;
                        case 5: result+= "充电高温_"; break;
                        case 6: result+=""; break;
                        case 7: result+=""; break;
                        case 8: result+= "SOC低_"; break;
                        case 9: result+= "充电过流_"; break;
                        case 10: result+= "放电过流_"; break;
                        case 11: result+=""; break;
                        case 12: result+=""; break;
                        case 13: result+= "单体欠压_"; break;
                        case 14: result+= "单体过压_"; break;
                        case 15: result+= "盲充过流_"; break;
                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        private string GetMosEjzString(string ejz)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;
            var charAry = ejz.ToCharArray();
            foreach (var item in charAry)
            {
                if (item.ToString() == "1")
                {
                    switch (charAry.ToList().IndexOf(item))
                    {
                        case 0: result += ""; break;
                        case 1: result += ""; break;
                        case 2: result += ""; break;
                        case 3: result += ""; break;
                        case 4: result += ""; break;
                        case 5: result += ""; break;
                        case 6: result += "放电"; break;
                        case 7: result += "充电"; break;
                      
                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        #endregion
    }

 结果：

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