winver---------检查windows版本
wmimgmt.msc----打开windows管理体系结构(wmi)
wupdmgr--------windows更新程序
wscript--------windows脚本宿主设置
write----------写字板
winmsd---------系统信息
wiaacmgr-------扫描仪和照相机向导
winchat--------xp自带局域网聊天
mem.exe--------显示内存使用情况
msconfig.exe---系统配置实用程序
mplayer2-------简易widnows media player
mspaint--------画图板
mstsc----------远程桌面连接
mplayer2-------媒体播放机
magnify--------放大镜实用程序
mmc------------打开控制台
mobsync--------同步命令
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dxdiag---------检查directx信息
drwtsn32------ 系统医生
devmgmt.msc--- 设备管理器
dfrg.msc-------磁盘碎片整理程序
diskmgmt.msc---磁盘管理实用程序
dcomcnfg-------打开系统组件服务
ddeshare-------打开dde共享设置
dvdplay--------dvd播放器
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
net stop messenger-----停止信使服务
net start messenger----开始信使服务
notepad--------打开记事本
nslookup-------网络管理的工具向导
ntbackup-------系统备份和还原
narrator-------屏幕"讲述人"
ntmsmgr.msc----移动存储管理器
ntmsoprq.msc---移动存储管理员操作请求
netstat -an----(tc)命令检查接口
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
syncapp--------创建一个公文包
sysedit--------系统配置编辑器
sigverif-------文件签名验证程序
sndrec32-------录音机
shrpubw--------创建共享文件夹
secpol.msc-----本地安全策略
syskey---------系统加密，一旦加密就不能解开，保护windows xp系统的双重密码
services.msc---本地服务设置
sndvol32-------音量控制程序
sfc.exe--------系统文件检查器
sfc /scannow---windows文件保护
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tsshutdn-------60秒倒计时关机命令
tourstart------xp简介（安装完成后出现的漫游xp程序）
taskmgr--------任务管理器
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
eventvwr-------事件查看器
eudcedit-------造字程序
explorer-------打开资源管理器
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
packager-------对象包装程序
perfmon.msc----计算机性能监测程序
progman--------程序管理器
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
regedit.exe----注册表
rsop.msc-------组策略结果集
regedt32-------注册表编辑器
rononce -p ----15秒关机
regsvr32 /u *.dll----停止dll文件运行
regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll------取消zip支持
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cmd.exe--------cmd命令提示符
chkdsk.exe-----chkdsk磁盘检查
certmgr.msc----证书管理实用程序
calc-----------启动计算器
charmap--------启动字符映射表
cliconfg-------sql server 客户端网络实用程序
clipbrd--------剪贴板查看器
conf-----------启动netmeeting
compmgmt.msc---计算机管理
cleanmgr-------垃圾整理
ciadv.msc------索引服务程序
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
osk------------打开屏幕键盘
odbcad32-------odbc数据源管理器
oobe/msoobe /a----检查xp是否激活
lusrmgr.msc----本机用户和组
logoff---------注销命令
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iexpress-------木马捆绑工具，系统自带
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nslookup-------ip地址侦测器
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fsmgmt.msc-----共享文件夹管理器
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
utilman--------辅助工具管理器
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
gpedit.msc-----组策略
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·[实用技巧]利用google突破各种封锁来下载你要的东西 -|天地一沙鸥 发表于 2005-4-21 10:51:00
在搜索框上输入： "index of/ " inurl:lib
再按搜索你将进入许多图书馆，并且一定能下载自己喜欢的书籍。
在搜索框上输入： "index of /" cnki
再按搜索你就可以找到许多图书馆的CNKI、VIP、超星等入口！
在搜索框上输入： "index of /" ppt
再按搜索你就可以突破网站入口下载powerpint作品！
在搜索框上输入： "index of /" mp3
再按搜索你就可以突破网站入口下载mp3、rm等影视作品！
在搜索框上输入： "index of /" swf
再按搜索你就可以突破网站入口下载flash作品！
在搜索框上输入： "index of /" 要下载的软件名
再按搜索你就可以突破网站入口下载软件！
注意引号应是英文的！
再透露一下，如果你输入：
"index of /" AVI
你会找到什么呢？同理，把AVI换为MPEG看看又会找到什么呢？呵呵！接下来不用我再教了吧？
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·[AI]一点遗传算法代码（转） -|天地一沙鸥 发表于 2005-4-21 10:37:00
下面是我前年做的GACS(连续空间的遗传算法),没有用到特殊算子。
另外还有一个曲线拟合的简单例子，可以参考使用方法。
#ifndef _GACS_H
#define _GACS_H
＃i nclude <stdio.h>
＃i nclude <stdlib.h>
typedef float ALLELE;
typedef struct{
ALLELE *chrom;
float fitness; // fitness of Chromosome
}INDIVIDUAL;
class TPopulation{
public:
INDIVIDUAL *pop;
int size; // Size of population
int lchrom; // Length of chromosome
float sumfitness,average;
INDIVIDUAL *fmin,*fmax;
TPopulation(int popsize,int strlength);
~TPopulation();
INDIVIDUAL* CreatIndividual();
void ClrIndividual(INDIVIDUAL *p);
void InitIndividual(INDIVIDUAL *p=NULL);
inline INDIVIDUAL &Individual(int i){ return pop[i];};
void FillFitness();
// virtual void FillFitness();
// virtual void ObjectFunction(INDIVIDUAL &x)=0; // Object's fitness
function
virtual void Statistics();
};
class TGACS : public TPopulation{
public:
float pcross; // Pobobility of Crossover
float pmutation; // Pobobility of Mutation
int gen; // Counter of generation
TGACS(int size,int strlength,float pm=0.0333,float pc=0.6):
TPopulation(size,strlength)
{gen=0; pcross=pc; pmutation=pm; } ;
virtual INDIVIDUAL& Select();
virtual void Crossover(INDIVIDUAL &parent1,INDIVIDUAL &parent2,
INDIVIDUAL &child1, INDIVIDUAL &child2);
virtual ALLELE Mutation(ALLELE alleleval);
// virtual void ObjectFunction(INDIVIDUAL &x)=0; // Object's fitness
function
virtual void Generate();
};
extern void ObjectFunction(INDIVIDUAL &x); // Object's fitness function
inline float random();
inline int flip(float p);
#endif
/********************************************************************
This Program is a Simple Genetic Algrithm according to
Genetic Algrithm in search, Optimization & Machine Learning
Written by David E. Goldberg,1989
Author: Wang Jun, 1994.10
Robot Lab. A.C. dept. HUST
*********************************************************************/
＃i nclude <mem.h>
＃i nclude "gacs.h"
TPopulation::TPopulation(int popsize,int strlength)
{
pop=NULL;
size=popsize; lchrom=strlength;
average=0;
randomize();
InitIndividual();
}
TPopulation::~TPopulation()
{
ClrIndividual(pop);
}
void TPopulation::ClrIndividual(INDIVIDUAL *p)
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++) delete p[i].chrom;
delete p;
}
INDIVIDUAL *TPopulation::CreatIndividual()
{
INDIVIDUAL *p;
p=new INDIVIDUAL[size+1];
for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
p[i].chrom=new ALLELE[lchrom+1];
p[i].chrom[lchrom]=0;
}
return p;
}
void TPopulation::InitIndividual(INDIVIDUAL *p)
{
int i,j;
if(pop) ClrIndividual(pop);
if(p==NULL){
pop=CreatIndividual();
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
for(j=0;j<lchrom;j++)
Individual(i).chrom[j]=random();
}
else pop=p;
FillFitness();
Statistics();
}
/* Statistic of population
* To get the sum & average of fitness
* and the max & min fitness indivdual
*/
void TPopulation::Statistics()
{
fmin=&Individual(0);
fmax=&Individual(0);
sumfitness=Individual(0).fitness;
for(int j=1;j<size;j++){
INDIVIDUAL &x=Individual(j);
if(x.fitness>fmax->fitness) fmax=&x; // To find the maxfitness
one
if(x.fitness<fmin->fitness) fmin=&x; // To find the minfitness
one
sumfitness += x.fitness;
}
average=sumfitness/size;
}
void TPopulation::FillFitness()
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++) ObjectFunction(Individual(i));
}
/* Select a single INDIVIDUAL via roulette wheel selection
* through a roulette with a slot
*/
INDIVIDUAL &TGACS::Select()
{
float rnd,partsum;
int j;
rnd = random()*sumfitness;
for(partsum=0.0,j=0;j<size;j++){
partsum += Individual(j).fitness;
if(partsum>=rnd) break;
}
return Individual(j);
}
// cross 2 parent strings, place in 2 child strings
void TGACS::Crossover(INDIVIDUAL &parent1,INDIVIDUAL &parent2,
INDIVIDUAL &child1, INDIVIDUAL &child2)
{
int j,jcross;
if(flip(pcross)) jcross=random(lchrom-1);
else jcross=lchrom;
for(j=0;j<jcross;j++){
child1.chrom[j]=Mutation(parent1.chrom[j]);
child2.chrom[j]=Mutation(parent2.chrom[j]);
}
for(;j<lchrom;j++){
child1.chrom[j]=Mutation(parent2.chrom[j]);
child2.chrom[j]=Mutation(parent1.chrom[j]);
}
}
ALLELE TGACS::Mutation(ALLELE alleleval)
{
if(!flip(pmutation)) return alleleval;
float t=alleleval+( (random(2)) ? (random()/2) : (-random()/2) );
if(t>1) t=1;
if(t<0) t=0;
return t;
}
/*
Creat next generation
Select --> Crossover --> Mutation
*** Keep 2 copies of the best one
*/
void TGACS::Generate()
{
INDIVIDUAL *newpop;
ALLELE t;
newpop=CreatIndividual();
memcpy(newpop[0].chrom,fmax->chrom,(sizeof t)*lchrom);
memcpy(newpop[1].chrom,fmax->chrom,(sizeof t)*lchrom);
for(int i=2;i<size;i+=2){
INDIVIDUAL &mate1=Select();
INDIVIDUAL &mate2=Select();
Crossover(mate1,mate2,newpop[i],newpop[i+1]);
}
InitIndividual(newpop);
gen++;
}
/* return a random float between 0 and 1
*/
inline float random()
/* return a random float between 0 and 1
*/
inline float random()
{
return rand()/(float)RAND_MAX;
}
/* return TRUE by probobility of p
*/
inline int flip(float p)
{
return random()<p;
}
GACS -- Genetic Algorithms in Continuous Space
----------------------------------------------
Worked by Wang Jun, 1994, ROBOT LAB HUST
Structure:
----------
ALLELE float; parameter
chrom ALLELE[lchrom];
INDIVIDUAL chrom,fitness;
Class:
------
TPOPULATION INDIVIDUAL[size];
FillFitness();
Statistics();
TGACS TPOPULATION;
Select();
Crossover();
Mutation();
Generate();
TGACSUser TGACS;
decode();
ObjectFunction();
Notes:
------
1. Every ALLELE means 1 parameter and regulized to [0,1].
2. When Crossover, keep 2 copies of the best individual.
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·[VC++(MFC)]几个 Microsoft-Specific Predefined Macros -|天地一沙鸥 发表于 2005-4-17 21:41:00
Table 1.2 Microsoft-Specific Predefined Macros
Macro Description
_CHAR_UNSIGNED Default char type is unsigned. Defined when /J is specified.
__cplusplus Defined for C++ programs only.
_CPPRTTI Defined for code compiled with /GR (Enable Run-Time Type Information).
_CPPUNWIND Defined for code compiled with /GX (Enable Exception Handling).
_DLL Defined when /MD or /MDd (Multithread DLL) is specified.
_M_ALPHA Defined for DEC ALPHA platforms. It is defined as 1 by the ALPHA compiler, and it is not defined if another compiler is used.
_M_IX86 Defined for x86 processors. See Table 1.3 for more details.
_M_MPPC Defined for Power Macintosh platforms. Default is 601 (/QP601). See Table 1.4 for more details.
_M_MRX000 Defined for MIPS platforms. Default is 4000 (/QMR4000). See Table 1.5 for more details.
_M_PPC Defined for PowerPC platforms. Default is 604 (/QP604). See Table 1.6 for more details.
_MFC_VER Defines the MFC version. Defined as 0x0421 for Microsoft Foundation Class Library 4.21. Always defined.
_MSC_EXTENSIONS This macro is defined when compiling with the /Ze compiler option (the default). Its value, when defined, is 1.
_MSC_VER Defines the compiler version. Defined as 1200 for Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0. Always defined.
_MT Defined when /MD or /MDd (Multithreaded DLL) or /MT or /MTd (Multithreaded) is specified.
_WIN32 Defined for applications for Win32®. Always defined.
As shown in following tables, the compiler generates a value for the preprocessor identifiers that reflect the processor option specified.
Form MSDN
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·[Codes]获得CPU的信息 -|天地一沙鸥 发表于 2005-4-17 21:38:00
＃i nclude <conio.h>
＃i nclude <iostream>
#pragma hdrstop
#pragma inline
//#pragma argsused
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char OEMString[13];
int iEAXValue, iEBXValue, iECXValue, iEDXValue;
_asm
{
mov eax, 0
cpuid
mov DWORD PTR OEMString, ebx
mov DWORD PTR OEMString + 4, edx
mov DWORD PTR OEMString + 8, ecx
mov BYTE PTR OEMString + 12, 0
}
cout << "This CPU's OEM String is:"
<< OEMString
<< endl;
_asm
{
mov eax, 1
cpuid
mov iEAXValue, eax
mov iEBXValue, ebx
mov iECXValue, ecx
mov iEDXValue, edx
}
if(iEDXValue & 0x800000)
cout << "This is MMX CPU"
<< endl;
int iCPUFamily = (0xf00 & iEAXValue) >> 8;
cout << "CPU Family is:"
<< iCPUFamily
<< endl;
_asm
{
mov eax, 2
cpuid
}
return 0;
}
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·[VC++(MFC)]FMD开发文集 -- CArchive原理 -|天地一沙鸥 发表于 2005-4-17 1:06:00
FMD开发文集 -- CArchive原理
作者：冯明德
MFC 提供CArchive类实现数据的缓冲区读写，同时定义了类对象的存储与读取方案。 以下对CArchvie 的内部实现作分析。
1.概述
2.内部数据
3.基本数据读写
4.缓冲区的更新
5.指定长度数据段落的读写
6.字符串的读写
7.CObject派生对象的读写
一.概述
CArchive使用了缓冲区，即一段内存空间作为临时数据存储地，对CArchive的读写都先依次排列到此缓冲区，当缓冲区满或用户要求时，将此段整理后的数据读写到指定的存储煤质。
当建立CArchive对象时，应指定其模式是用于缓冲区读，还是用于缓冲区写。
可以这样理解，CArchive对象相当于铁路的货运练调度站，零散的货物被收集，当总量到达火车运量的时候，由火车装运走。
当接到火车的货物时，则货物由被分散到各自的货主。与货运不同的是，交货、取货是按时间循序执行的，而不是凭票据。因此必须保证送货的和取货的货主按同样的循序去存或取。
对于大型的货物，则是拆散成火车单位，运走，取货时，依次取各部分，组装成原物。
二.内部数据
缓冲区指针 BYTE* m_lpBufStart,指向缓冲区，这个缓冲区有可能是底层CFile(如派生类CMemFile)对象提供的，但一般是CArchive自己建立的。
缓冲区尾部指针 BYTE* m_lpBufMax;
缓冲区当前位置指针 BYTE* m_lpBufCur;
初始化时，如果是读模式,当前位置在尾部，如果是写模式，当前位置在头部:
m_lpBufCur = (IsLoading()) ? m_lpBufMax : m_lpBufStart;
三.基本数据读写
对于基本的数据类型，例如字节、双字等，可以直接使用">>"、"<<"符号进行读出、写入。
//操作符定义捕:
//插入操作
CArchive& operator<<(BYTE by);
CArchive& operator<<(WORD w);
CArchive& operator<<(LONG l);
CArchive& operator<<(DWORD dw);
CArchive& operator<<(float f);
CArchive& operator<<(double d);
CArchive& operator<<(int i);
CArchive& operator<<(short w);
CArchive& operator<<(char ch);
CArchive& operator<<(unsigned u);
//提取操作
CArchive& operator>>(BYTE& by);
CArchive& operator>>(WORD& w);
CArchive& operator>>(DWORD& dw);
CArchive& operator>>(LONG& l);
CArchive& operator>>(float& f);
CArchive& operator>>(double& d);
CArchive& operator>>(int& i);
CArchive& operator>>(short& w);
CArchive& operator>>(char& ch);
CArchive& operator>>(unsigned& u);
下面以双字为例，分析原码
双字的插入(写)
CArchive& CArchive::operator<<(DWORD dw)
{
if (m_lpBufCur + sizeof(DWORD) > m_lpBufMax) //缓冲区空间不够
Flush(); //缓冲区内容提交到实际存储煤质。
if (!(m_nMode & bNoByteSwap))
_AfxByteSwap(dw, m_lpBufCur); //处理字节顺序
else
*(DWORD*)m_lpBufCur = dw; //添入缓冲区
m_lpBufCur += sizeof(DWORD); //移动当前指针
return *this;
}
双字的提取(读)
CArchive& CArchive::operator>>(DWORD& dw)
{
if (m_lpBufCur + sizeof(DWORD) > m_lpBufMax) //缓冲区要读完了
FillBuffer(sizeof(DWORD) - (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur)); //重新读入内容到缓冲区
dw = *(DWORD*)m_lpBufCur; //读取双字
m_lpBufCur += sizeof(DWORD); //移动当前位置指针
if (!(m_nMode & bNoByteSwap))
_AfxByteSwap(dw, (BYTE*)&dw); //处理字节顺序
return *this;
}
四.缓冲区的更新
以上操作中，当缓冲区将插入满或缓冲区将提取空时，都将对缓冲区进行更新处理。
缓冲区将插入满时调用Flush();
void CArchive::Flush()
{
ASSERT_VALID(m_pFile);
ASSERT(m_bDirectBuffer || m_lpBufStart != NULL);
ASSERT(m_bDirectBuffer || m_lpBufCur != NULL);
ASSERT(m_lpBufStart == NULL ||
AfxIsValidAddress(m_lpBufStart, m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufStart, IsStoring()));
ASSERT(m_lpBufCur == NULL ||
AfxIsValidAddress(m_lpBufCur, m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur, IsStoring()));
if (IsLoading())
{
// unget the characters in the buffer, seek back unused amount
if (m_lpBufMax != m_lpBufCur)
m_pFile-> Seek(-(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur), CFile::current);
m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufMax; // 指向尾
}
else //写模式
{
if (!m_bDirectBuffer)
{
// 内容写入到文件
if (m_lpBufCur != m_lpBufStart)
m_pFile-> Write(m_lpBufStart, m_lpBufCur - m_lpBufStart);
}
else
{
//如果是直接针对内存区域的的(例如CMemFile中) (只需移动相关指针，指向新的一块内存)
if (m_lpBufCur != m_lpBufStart)
m_pFile-> GetBufferPtr(CFile::bufferCommit, m_lpBufCur - m_lpBufStart);
// get next buffer
VERIFY(m_pFile-> GetBufferPtr(CFile::bufferWrite, m_nBufSize,
(void**)&m_lpBufStart, (void**)&m_lpBufMax) == (UINT)m_nBufSize);
ASSERT((UINT)m_nBufSize == (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufStart));
}
m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart; //指向缓冲区首
}
}
缓冲区将提取空,会调用FillBuffer。 nBytesNeeded为当前剩余部分上尚有用的字节
void CArchive::FillBuffer(UINT nBytesNeeded)
{
ASSERT_VALID(m_pFile);
ASSERT(IsLoading());
ASSERT(m_bDirectBuffer || m_lpBufStart != NULL);
ASSERT(m_bDirectBuffer || m_lpBufCur != NULL);
ASSERT(nBytesNeeded > 0);
ASSERT(nBytesNeeded <= (UINT)m_nBufSize);
ASSERT(m_lpBufStart == NULL ||
AfxIsValidAddress(m_lpBufStart, m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufStart, FALSE));
ASSERT(m_lpBufCur == NULL ||
AfxIsValidAddress(m_lpBufCur, m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur, FALSE));
UINT nUnused = m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur;
ULONG nTotalNeeded = ((ULONG)nBytesNeeded) + nUnused;
// 从文件中读取
if (!m_bDirectBuffer)
{
ASSERT(m_lpBufCur != NULL);
ASSERT(m_lpBufStart != NULL);
ASSERT(m_lpBufMax != NULL);
if (m_lpBufCur > m_lpBufStart)
{
//保留剩余的尚未处理的部分，将它们移动到头
if ((int)nUnused > 0)
{
memmove(m_lpBufStart, m_lpBufCur, nUnused);
m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart;
m_lpBufMax = m_lpBufStart + nUnused;
}
// read to satisfy nBytesNeeded or nLeft if possible
UINT nRead = nUnused;
UINT nLeft = m_nBufSize-nUnused;
UINT nBytes;
BYTE* lpTemp = m_lpBufStart + nUnused;
do
{
nBytes = m_pFile-> Read(lpTemp, nLeft);
lpTemp = lpTemp + nBytes;
nRead += nBytes;
nLeft -= nBytes;
}
while (nBytes > 0 && nLeft > 0 && nRead < nBytesNeeded);
m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart;
m_lpBufMax = m_lpBufStart + nRead;
}
}
else
{
// 如果是针对内存区域(CMemFile),移动相关指针，指向新的一块内存
if (nUnused != 0)
m_pFile-> Seek(-(LONG)nUnused, CFile::current);
UINT nActual = m_pFile-> GetBufferPtr(CFile::bufferRead, m_nBufSize,
(void**)&m_lpBufStart, (void**)&m_lpBufMax);
ASSERT(nActual == (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufStart));
m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart;
}
// not enough data to fill request?
if ((ULONG)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur) < nTotalNeeded)
AfxThrowArchiveException(CArchiveException::endOfFile);
}
五.指定长度数据段落的读写
以下分析
UINT Read(void* lpBuf, UINT nMax); 读取长度为nMax的数据
void Write(const void* lpBuf, UINT nMax); 写入指定长度nMax的数据
对于大段数据的读写，先使用当前缓冲区中的内容或空间读取或写入，若这些空间够用了，则结束。
否则，从剩余的数据中找出最大的缓冲区整数倍大小的一块数据，直接读写到存储煤质(不反复使用缓冲区)。
剩余的余数部分，再使用缓冲区读写。
(说明:缓冲区读写的主要目的是将零散的数据以缓冲区大小为尺度来处理。对于大型数据，其中间的部分，不是零散的数据，使用缓冲区已经没有意思，故直接读写)
①读取
UINT CArchive::Read(void* lpBuf, UINT nMax)
{
ASSERT_VALID(m_pFile);
if (nMax == 0)
return 0;
UINT nMaxTemp = nMax; //还需要读入的长度，读入一部分，就减相应数值，直到此数值变为零
//处理当前缓冲区中剩余部分。
//如果要求读入字节小于缓冲区中剩余部分,则第一部分为要求读入的字节数，
//否则读入全部剩余部分
UINT nTemp = min(nMaxTemp, (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur));
memcpy(lpBuf, m_lpBufCur, nTemp);
m_lpBufCur += nTemp;
lpBuf = (BYTE*)lpBuf + nTemp; //移动读出内容所在区域的指针
nMaxTemp -= nTemp;
//当前缓冲区中剩余部分不够要求读入的长度。
//还有字节需要读，则需要根据需要执行若干次填充缓冲区，读出，直到读出指定字节。
if (nMaxTemp != 0)
{
//计算出去除尾数部分的字节大小(整数个缓冲区大小)
//对于这些部分，字节从文件对象中读出，放到输出缓冲区
nTemp = nMaxTemp - (nMaxTemp % m_nBufSize);
UINT nRead = 0;
UINT nLeft = nTemp;
UINT nBytes;
do
{
nBytes = m_pFile-> Read(lpBuf, nLeft); //要求读入此整数缓冲区部分大小
lpBuf = (BYTE*)lpBuf + nBytes;
nRead += nBytes;
nLeft -= nBytes;
}
while ((nBytes > 0) && (nLeft > 0)); 知道读入了预定大小，或到达文件尾
nMaxTemp -= nRead;
if (nRead == nTemp) //读入的字节等于读入的整数倍部分 该读最后的余数部分了
{
// 建立装有此最后余数部分的内容的CArchive的工作缓冲区。
if (!m_bDirectBuffer)
{
UINT nLeft = max(nMaxTemp, (UINT)m_nBufSize);
UINT nBytes;
BYTE* lpTemp = m_lpBufStart;
nRead = 0;
do
{
nBytes = m_pFile-> Read(lpTemp, nLeft); //从文件中读入到CArchive缓冲区
lpTemp = lpTemp + nBytes;
nRead += nBytes;
nLeft -= nBytes;
}
while ((nBytes > 0) && (nLeft > 0) && nRead < nMaxTemp);
m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart;
m_lpBufMax = m_lpBufStart + nRead;
}
else
{
nRead = m_pFile-> GetBufferPtr(CFile::bufferRead, m_nBufSize,
(void**)&m_lpBufStart, (void**)&m_lpBufMax);
ASSERT(nRead == (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufStart));
m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart;
}
//读出此剩余部分到输出
nTemp = min(nMaxTemp, (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur));
memcpy(lpBuf, m_lpBufCur, nTemp);
m_lpBufCur += nTemp;
nMaxTemp -= nTemp;
}
}
return nMax - nMaxTemp;
}
②保存,写入
void CArchive::Write(const void* lpBuf, UINT nMax)
{
if (nMax == 0)
return;
//读入可能的部分到缓冲区当前的剩余部分
UINT nTemp = min(nMax, (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur));
memcpy(m_lpBufCur, lpBuf, nTemp);
m_lpBufCur += nTemp;
lpBuf = (BYTE*)lpBuf + nTemp;
nMax -= nTemp;
if (nMax > 0) //还有未写入的部分
{
Flush(); //将当前缓冲区写入到存储煤质
//计算出整数倍缓冲区大小的字节数
nTemp = nMax - (nMax % m_nBufSize);
m_pFile-> Write(lpBuf, nTemp); //直接写到文件
lpBuf = (BYTE*)lpBuf + nTemp;
nMax -= nTemp;
//剩余部分添加到缓冲区
if (m_bDirectBuffer)
{
// sync up direct mode buffer to new file position
VERIFY(m_pFile-> GetBufferPtr(CFile::bufferWrite, m_nBufSize,
(void**)&m_lpBufStart, (void**)&m_lpBufMax) == (UINT)m_nBufSize);
ASSERT((UINT)m_nBufSize == (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufStart));
m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart;
}
// copy remaining to active buffer
ASSERT(nMax < (UINT)m_nBufSize);
ASSERT(m_lpBufCur == m_lpBufStart);
memcpy(m_lpBufCur, lpBuf, nMax);
m_lpBufCur += nMax;
}
}
六.字符串的读写
①CArchive提供的WriteString和ReadString
字符串写
void CArchive::WriteString(LPCTSTR lpsz)
{
ASSERT(AfxIsValidString(lpsz));
Write(lpsz, lstrlen(lpsz) * sizeof(TCHAR)); //调用Write，将字符串对应的一段数据写入
}
字符串读(读取一行字符串)
LPTSTR CArchive::ReadString(LPTSTR lpsz, UINT nMax)
{
// if nMax is negative (such a large number doesn''t make sense given today''s
// 2gb address space), then assume it to mean "keep the newline".
int nStop = (int)nMax < 0 ? -(int)nMax : (int)nMax;
ASSERT(AfxIsValidAddress(lpsz, (nStop+1) * sizeof(TCHAR)));
_TUCHAR ch;
int nRead = 0;
TRY
{
while (nRead < nStop)
{
*this >> ch; //读出一个字节
// stop and end-of-line (trailing ''\n'' is ignored) 遇换行—回车
if (ch == ''\n'' || ch == ''\r'')
{
if (ch == ''\r'')
*this >> ch;
// store the newline when called with negative nMax
if ((int)nMax != nStop)
lpsz[nRead++] = ch;
break;
}
lpsz[nRead++] = ch;
}
}
CATCH(CArchiveException, e)
{
if (e-> m_cause == CArchiveException::endOfFile)
{
DELETE_EXCEPTION(e);
if (nRead == 0)
return NULL;
}
else
{
THROW_LAST();
}
}
END_CATCH
lpsz[nRead] = ''\0'';
return lpsz;
}
ReadString到CString对象,可以多行字符
BOOL CArchive::ReadString(CString& rString)
{
rString = &afxChNil; // empty string without deallocating
const int nMaxSize = 128;
LPTSTR lpsz = rString.GetBuffer(nMaxSize);
LPTSTR lpszResult;
int nLen;
for (;;)
{
lpszResult = ReadString(lpsz, (UINT)-nMaxSize); // store the newline
rString.ReleaseBuffer();
// if string is read completely or EOF
if (lpszResult == NULL ||
(nLen = lstrlen(lpsz)) < nMaxSize ||
lpsz[nLen-1] == ''\n'')
{
break;
}
nLen = rString.GetLength();
lpsz = rString.GetBuffer(nMaxSize + nLen) + nLen;
}
// remove ''\n'' from end of string if present
lpsz = rString.GetBuffer(0);
nLen = rString.GetLength();
if (nLen != 0 && lpsz[nLen-1] == ''\n'')
rString.GetBufferSetLength(nLen-1);
return lpszResult != NULL;
}
②使用CString对象的"<<"与">>"符读写字符串
CString定义了输入输出符,可以象基本类型的数据一样使用CArchive 的操作符定义
friend CArchive& AFXAPI operator<<(CArchive& ar, const CString& string);
friend CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, CString& string);
// CString serialization code
// String format:
// UNICODE strings are always prefixed by 0xff, 0xfffe
// if < 0xff chars: len:BYTE, TCHAR chars
// if >= 0xff characters: 0xff, len:WORD, TCHAR chars
// if >= 0xfffe characters: 0xff, 0xffff, len:DWORD, TCHARs
CArchive& AFXAPI operator<<(CArchive& ar, const CString& string)
{
// special signature to recognize unicode strings
#ifdef _UNICODE
ar << (BYTE)0xff;
ar << (WORD)0xfffe;
#endif
if (string.GetData()-> nDataLength < 255)
{
ar << (BYTE)string.GetData()-> nDataLength;
}
else if (string.GetData()-> nDataLength < 0xfffe)
{
ar << (BYTE)0xff;
ar << (WORD)string.GetData()-> nDataLength;
}
else
{
ar << (BYTE)0xff;
ar << (WORD)0xffff;
ar << (DWORD)string.GetData()-> nDataLength;
}
ar.Write(string.m_pchData, string.GetData()-> nDataLength*sizeof(TCHAR));
return ar;
}
// return string length or -1 if UNICODE string is found in the archive
AFX_STATIC UINT AFXAPI _AfxReadStringLength(CArchive& ar)
{
DWORD nNewLen;
// attempt BYTE length first
BYTE bLen;
ar >> bLen;
if (bLen < 0xff)
return bLen;
// attempt WORD length
WORD wLen;
ar >> wLen;
if (wLen == 0xfffe)
{
// UNICODE string prefix (length will follow)
return (UINT)-1;
}
else if (wLen == 0xffff)
{
// read DWORD of length
ar >> nNewLen;
return (UINT)nNewLen;
}
else
return wLen;
}
CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, CString& string)
{
#ifdef _UNICODE
int nConvert = 1; // if we get ANSI, convert
#else
int nConvert = 0; // if we get UNICODE, convert
#endif
UINT nNewLen = _AfxReadStringLength(ar);
if (nNewLen == (UINT)-1)
{
nConvert = 1 - nConvert;
nNewLen = _AfxReadStringLength(ar);
ASSERT(nNewLen != -1);
}
// set length of string to new length
UINT nByteLen = nNewLen;
#ifdef _UNICODE
string.GetBufferSetLength((int)nNewLen);
nByteLen += nByteLen * (1 - nConvert); // bytes to read
#else
nByteLen += nByteLen * nConvert; // bytes to read
if (nNewLen == 0)
string.GetBufferSetLength(0);
else
string.GetBufferSetLength((int)nByteLen+nConvert);
#endif
// read in the characters
if (nNewLen != 0)
{
ASSERT(nByteLen != 0);
// read new data
if (ar.Read(string.m_pchData, nByteLen) != nByteLen)
AfxThrowArchiveException(CArchiveException::endOfFile);
// convert the data if as necessary
if (nConvert != 0)
{
#ifdef _UNICODE
CStringData* pOldData = string.GetData();
LPSTR lpsz = (LPSTR)string.m_pchData;
#else
CStringData* pOldData = string.GetData();
LPWSTR lpsz = (LPWSTR)string.m_pchData;
#endif
lpsz[nNewLen] = ''\0''; // must be NUL terminated
string.Init(); // don''t delete the old data
string = lpsz; // convert with operator=(LPWCSTR)
CString::FreeData(pOldData);
}
}
return ar;
}
七.CObject派生对象的读写
MFC中多数类都从CObject类派生，CObject类与CArchive类有着良好的合作关系，能实现将对象序列化储存到文件或其他媒介中去，或者读取预先储存的对象，动态建立对象等功能。
①CObject定义了针对CArvhive的输入输出操作符,可以向其他基本数据类型一样使用"<<"、"<<"符号
CArchive& AFXAPI operator<<(CArchive& ar, const CObject* pOb)
{ ar.WriteObject(pOb); return ar; }
CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, CObject*& pOb)
{ pOb = ar.ReadObject(NULL); return ar; }
当使用这些符号时，实际上执行的是CArchive的WriteObject和ReadObject成员
②WriteObject与ReadObject
在WriteObject与ReadObject中先写入或读取运行时类信息(CRuntimeClas)，再调用Serialze(..),按其中的代码读写具体的对象数据。
因此，只要在CObject派生类中重载Serilize()函数，写入具体的读写过程，就可以使对象具有存储与创建能力。
//将对象写入到缓冲区
void CArchive::WriteObject(const CObject* pOb)
{
DWORD nObIndex;
// make sure m_pStoreMap is initialized
MapObject(NULL);
if (pOb == NULL)
{
// save out null tag to represent NULL pointer
*this << wNullTag;
}
else if ((nObIndex = (DWORD)(*m_pStoreMap)[(void*)pOb]) != 0)
// assumes initialized to 0 map
{
// save out index of already stored object
if (nObIndex < wBigObjectTag)
*this << (WORD)nObIndex;
else
{
*this << wBigObjectTag;
*this << nObIndex;
}
}
else
{
// write class of object first
CRuntimeClass* pClassRef = pOb-> GetRuntimeClass();
WriteClass(pClassRef); //写入运行类信息
// enter in stored object table, checking for overflow
CheckCount();
(*m_pStoreMap)[(void*)pOb] = (void*)m_nMapCount++;
// 调用CObject的Serialize成员，按其中的代码写入类中数据。
((CObject*)pOb)-> Serialize(*this);
}
}
CObject* CArchive::ReadObject(const CRuntimeClass* pClassRefRequested)
{
// attempt to load next stream as CRuntimeClass
UINT nSchema;
DWORD obTag;
//先读入运行时类信息
CRuntimeClass* pClassRef = ReadClass(pClassRefRequested, &nSchema, &obTag);
// check to see if tag to already loaded object
CObject* pOb;
if (pClassRef == NULL)
{
if (obTag > (DWORD)m_pLoadArray-> GetUpperBound())
{
// tag is too large for the number of objects read so far
AfxThrowArchiveException(CArchiveException::badIndex,
m_strFileName);
}
pOb = (CObject*)m_pLoadArray-> GetAt(obTag);
if (pOb != NULL && pClassRefRequested != NULL &&
!pOb-> IsKindOf(pClassRefRequested))
{
// loaded an object but of the wrong class
AfxThrowArchiveException(CArchiveException::badClass,
m_strFileName);
}
}
else
{
// 建立对象
pOb = pClassRef-> CreateObject();
if (pOb == NULL)
AfxThrowMemoryException();
// Add to mapping array BEFORE de-serializing
CheckCount();
m_pLoadArray-> InsertAt(m_nMapCount++, pOb);
// Serialize the object with the schema number set in the archive
UINT nSchemaSave = m_nObjectSchema;
m_nObjectSchema = nSchema;
pOb-> Serialize(*this); //调用CObject的Serialize,按其中代码读入对象数据。
m_nObjectSchema = nSchemaSave;
ASSERT_VALID(pOb);
}
return pOb;
}
③运行时类信息的读写
为了避免众多重复的同类对象写入重复的类信息，CArchive中使用CMap对象储存和检索类信息。
void CArchive::WriteClass(const CRuntimeClass* pClassRef)
{
ASSERT(pClassRef != NULL);
ASSERT(IsStoring()); // proper direction
if (pClassRef-> m_wSchema == 0xFFFF)
{
TRACE1("Warning: Cannot call WriteClass/WriteObject for %hs.\n",
pClassRef-> m_lpszClassName);
AfxThrowNotSupportedException();
}
// make sure m_pStoreMap is initialized
MapObject(NULL);
// write out class id of pOb, with high bit set to indicate
// new object follows
// ASSUME: initialized to 0 map
DWORD nClassIndex;
if ((nClassIndex = (DWORD)(*m_pStoreMap)[(void*)pClassRef]) != 0)
{
// previously seen class, write out the index tagged by high bit
if (nClassIndex < wBigObjectTag)
*this << (WORD)(wClassTag | nClassIndex);
else
{
*this << wBigObjectTag;
*this << (dwBigClassTag | nClassIndex);
}
}
else
{
// store new class
*this << wNewClassTag;
pClassRef-> Store(*this);
// store new class reference in map, checking for overflow
CheckCount();
(*m_pStoreMap)[(void*)pClassRef] = (void*)m_nMapCount++;
}
}
CRuntimeClass* CArchive::ReadClass(const CRuntimeClass* pClassRefRequested,
UINT* pSchema, DWORD* pObTag)
{
ASSERT(pClassRefRequested == NULL ||
AfxIsValidAddress(pClassRefRequested, sizeof(CRuntimeClass), FALSE));
ASSERT(IsLoading()); // proper direction
if (pClassRefRequested != NULL && pClassRefRequested-> m_wSchema == 0xFFFF)
{
TRACE1("Warning: Cannot call ReadClass/ReadObject for %hs.\n",
pClassRefRequested-> m_lpszClassName);
AfxThrowNotSupportedException();
}
// make sure m_pLoadArray is initialized
MapObject(NULL);
// read object tag - if prefixed by wBigObjectTag then DWORD tag follows
DWORD obTag;
WORD wTag;
*this >> wTag;
if (wTag == wBigObjectTag)
*this >> obTag;
else
obTag = ((wTag & wClassTag) << 16) | (wTag & ~wClassTag);
// check for object tag (throw exception if expecting class tag)
if (!(obTag & dwBigClassTag))
{
if (pObTag == NULL)
AfxThrowArchiveException(CArchiveException::badIndex, m_strFileName);
*pObTag = obTag;
return NULL;
}
CRuntimeClass* pClassRef;
UINT nSchema;
if (wTag == wNewClassTag)
{
// new object follows a new class id
if ((pClassRef = CRuntimeClass::Load(*this, &nSchema)) == NULL)
AfxThrowArchiveException(CArchiveException::badClass, m_strFileName);
// check nSchema against the expected schema
if ((pClassRef-> m_wSchema & ~VERSIONABLE_SCHEMA) != nSchema)
{
if (!(pClassRef-> m_wSchema & VERSIONABLE_SCHEMA))
{
// schema doesn''t match and not marked as VERSIONABLE_SCHEMA
AfxThrowArchiveException(CArchiveException::badSchema,
m_strFileName);
}
else
{
// they differ -- store the schema for later retrieval
if (m_pSchemaMap == NULL)
m_pSchemaMap = new CMapPtrToPtr;
ASSERT_VALID(m_pSchemaMap);
m_pSchemaMap-> SetAt(pClassRef, (void*)nSchema);
}
}
CheckCount();
m_pLoadArray-> InsertAt(m_nMapCount++, pClassRef);
}
else
{
// existing class index in obTag followed by new object
DWORD nClassIndex = (obTag & ~dwBigClassTag);
if (nClassIndex == 0 || nClassIndex > (DWORD)m_pLoadArray-> GetUpperBound())
AfxThrowArchiveException(CArchiveException::badIndex,
m_strFileName);
pClassRef = (CRuntimeClass*)m_pLoadArray-> GetAt(nClassIndex);
ASSERT(pClassRef != NULL);
// determine schema stored against objects of this type
void* pTemp;
BOOL bFound = FALSE;
nSchema = 0;
if (m_pSchemaMap != NULL)
{
bFound = m_pSchemaMap-> Lookup( pClassRef, pTemp );
if (bFound)
nSchema = (UINT)pTemp;
}
if (!bFound)
nSchema = pClassRef-> m_wSchema & ~VERSIONABLE_SCHEMA;
}
// check for correct derivation