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    转载Linux - 通过LVM对磁盘进行动态扩容 (Linux的逻辑卷)

     

    1 LVM是什么

    1.1 概念解释

    LVM(Logical Volume Manager), 逻辑卷管理, 是一种将一至多个硬盘的分区在逻辑上进行组合, 当成一个大硬盘来使用.

    当硬盘空间不足时, 可以动态地添加其它硬盘的分区到已有的卷组中 —— 磁盘空间的动态管理.

    1.2 为什么用LVM

    LVM通常用于装备大量磁盘的系统, 比如服务器中的磁盘阵列.

    但LVM同样适用于仅有一、两块硬盘的小系统.

    1.2.1 不使用LVM时的扩容思路

    传统的文件系统是基于分区的, 一个文件系统对应一个分区, 这种方式比较直观, 但不易改变:

    (1) 不同的分区相互独立, 单独的文件不能跨分区存储, 容易出现硬盘的利用率不均衡;
    (2) 当一个文件系统/分区装满时, 是不能对其进行扩容的, 只能采用重新分区/建立文件系统, 重新分区会丢失数据, 就要:

    ① 做数据的迁移和备份;
    ② 或者把分区中的数据移到另一个更大的分区中;
    ③ 或者采用符号连接的方式使用其它分区的空间 —— 都非常麻烦;

    (3) 如果要把硬盘上的多个分区合并在一起使用, 只能采用重新分区的方式, —— 需要做好数据的备份与恢复.

    1.2.2 使用LVM时的扩容思路

    使用LVM时技术时, 情况有所不同:

    (1) 硬盘的多个分区由LVM统一管理为卷组, 可以很轻松地加入或移走某个分区 —— 也就是扩大或减小卷组的可用容量, 充分利用硬盘空间;
    (2) 文件系统建立在逻辑卷上, 而逻辑卷可以根据需要改变大小(在卷组容量范围内)以满足要求;
    (3) 文件系统建立在LVM上, 可以跨分区存储访问, 更加方便;

    强烈建议对拥有多个磁盘的系统, 使用LVM管理磁盘.

    1.3 名词解释

    PV(Physical Volume): 物理卷, 处于LVM最底层, 可以是物理硬盘或者分区;

    PP(Physical Extend): 物理区域, PV中可以用于分配的最小存储单元, 可以在创建PV的时候指定, 如1M, 2M, 4M, 8M…..组成同一VG中所有PV的PE大小应该相同;

    VG(Volume Group): 卷组, 建立在PV之上, 可以含有一个到多个PV;

    LV(Logical Volume): 逻辑卷, 建立在VG之上, 相当于原来分区的概念, 不过大小可以动态改变.

    2 普通的挂载磁盘方法

    2.1 创建分区的主要操作

    (1) 查看分区情况 - fdisk -l

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 299.0 GB, 298999349248 bytes			# 磁盘/dev/sda
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36351 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x4d69fe0e
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux		# 分为2个区, sda1
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              26       36352   291785728   8e  Linux LVM	# sda2
    
    # 磁盘/dev/sdb没有分区
    Disk /dev/sdb: 4000.0 GB, 3999999721472 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486305 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    ......
    

    (2) 查看已有磁盘 - lsblk

    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk 
    NAME                       MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda                          8:0    0 278.5G  0 disk 
    ├─sda1                       8:1    0   200M  0 part /boot
    └─sda2                       8:2    0 278.3G  0 part 
      └─VolGroup-LogVol (dm-0) 253:0    0   1.9T  0 lvm  /		# LVM类型的分区
    sdb                          8:32   0   3.7T  0 disk 		# 还没有分区的新磁盘
    

    (3) 对新磁盘进行分区 - fdisk /dev/sdb

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf91f8c4c.
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
    
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    
    WARNING: The size of this disk is 4.0 TB (4000225165312 bytes).
    DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
    larger than (2199023255040 bytes) for 512-byte sectors. Use parted(1) and GUID 
    partition table format (GPT).
    
    
    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
             switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
             sectors (command 'u').
    
    Command (m for help): n				# n 表示新建分区
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p									# p 表示分区类型为主分区, 主分区只有1-4种选择
    Partition number (1-4): 1			# 主分区的编号
    First cylinder (1-486333, default 1): 	# 开始扇区号, 直接回车, 使用默认值1
    Using default value 1
    
    # 结束扇区号, 使用默认值 --- 这里只加载了新磁盘的一半(2T), 所以还需要再次创建分区/dev/sdb2使用剩下的一半.
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-267349, default 267349): 	
    Using default value 267349
    
    Command (m for help):  w			#  将上述设置写入分区表并退出
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    

    (4) 再次查看分区情况 - fdisk -l

    多出来一个/dev/sdb1的区, 这个1就是之前主分区之后指定的分区编号.

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l 
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 299.0 GB, 298999349248 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36351 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x4d69fe0e
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              26       36352   291785728   8e  Linux LVM
    
    # /dev/sdb磁盘: 
    Disk /dev/sdb: 4000.0 GB, 3999999721472 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486305 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x8f3043b5
    
    # 多出来的分区/dev/sdb1
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1      267349  2147480811   83  Linux
    
    ......
    

    (5) 查看当前分区表中的分区信息 - cat /proc/partitions

    [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions 
    major minor  #blocks  name
    
       8        0   291991552  sda
       8        1      204800  sda1
       8        2   291785728  sda2
       8       32  3906249728  sdb		# 添加的新磁盘
       8       33  2147480811  sdb1		# 创建的新分区
     253        0  2046660608  dm-0
    

    如果创建完之后,cat /proc/partitions 查看不到对应的分区, 使用 parprobe 刷新命令即可:

    [root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sdc
    

    2.2 格式化新分区

    (1) 格式化新分区 - mkfs -t

    这里建议将新分区格式化为ext4文件类型, 还有ext2ext3等文件类型, 区别请参考博客 ext2、ext3与ext4的区别 .

    [root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
    mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
    134217728 inodes, 536870202 blocks
    26843510 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
    16384 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
    8192 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
            32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
            4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
            102400000, 214990848, 512000000
    
    Writing inode tables:  8874/16384
    

    (2) 等待一小会后, 将出现下述提示, 说明格式化完成:

    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:  done
    
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
    

    2.3 挂载新分区

    (1) 创建目录, 并将 /dev/sdb1挂在到该目录下:

    [root@localhost /]# mkdir data && cd /data
    [root@localhost data]# mount /dev/sdc1 /data
    

    (2) 查看挂载是否成功:

    [root@localhost data]# df -l
    Filesystem                   1K-blocks       Used  Available Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol  286901696   18601728  253726196   7% /
    tmpfs                         66020980          0   66020980   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1                       495844      33476     436768   8% /boot
    
    # 挂载成功: 
    /dev/sdb1                   2113784984     202776 2006208168   1% /data
    

    2.4 设置开机自动挂载

    编辑文件 /etc/fstab:

    [root@localhost data]# vim /etc/fstab
    
    # 文件内容如下: 
    # /etc/fstab
    # Created by anaconda on Wed Sep 12 10:41:40 2018
    #
    # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
    # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
    #
    /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol  /                     ext4    defaults        1 1
    /dev/sdb1                    /data                 ext4    defaults        1 1
    UUID=22b1d425-d050-43c3-a735-06d48bbb9051 /boot    ext4    defaults        1 2 
    tmpfs                        /dev/shm              tmpfs   defaults        0 0
    devpts                       /dev/pts              devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
    sysfs                        /sys                  sysfs   defaults        0 0
    proc                         /proc                 proc    defaults        0 0
    

    3 LVM方式挂载磁盘 - 推荐

    3.1 查看磁盘容量信息

    [root@localhost ~]# df -h
    Filesystem               Size  Used  Avail  Use%  Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/VG-LogVol    1.9T  1.8T    61G   97%  /			 # LVM卷组-逻辑卷
    tmpfs                     63G     0    63G    0%  /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1                485M   40M   421M    9%  /boot
    

    3.2 查看磁盘扇区信息

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 299.0 GB, 298999349248 bytes			# 磁盘/dev/sda
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36351 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x4d69fe0e
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux		# 分为2个区, sda1
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              26       36352   291785728   8e  Linux LVM	# LVM类型的sda2
    
    # 新添加的磁盘/dev/sdb, 没有分区
    Disk /dev/sdb: 4000.0 GB, 3999999721472 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486305 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    # LVM格式的卷组信息: 
    Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    

    3.3 创建分区

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5b3d66ba.
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
    
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    
    WARNING: The size of this disk is 4.0 TB (3999999721472 bytes).
    DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
    larger than (2199023255040 bytes) for 512-byte sectors. Use parted(1) and GUID 
    partition table format (GPT).
    
    
    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
             switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
             sectors (command 'u').
    
    Command (m for help): n			# 添加分区
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p								# 添加主分区
    Partition number (1-4): 1		# 1号主分区, 即/dev/sdb1
    First cylinder (1-486305, default 1):               
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-267349, default 267349): 486305
    Value out of range.
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-267349, default 267349): 
    Using default value 267349
    
    Command (m for help): n			# 继续添加分区
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 2		# 2号主分区, 即/dev/sdc2
    First cylinder (267350-486305, default 267350): 
    Using default value 267350
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (267350-486305, default 486305): 
    Using default value 486305
    
    Command (m for help): p			# 打印分区信息: 
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 4000.0 GB, 3999999721472 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486305 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x5b3d66ba
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1      267349  2147480811   83  Linux
    /dev/sdb2          267350      486305  1758764070   83  Linux
    
    Command (m for help): t			# 转换类型
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    Partition number (1-4): 1			# 修改/dev/sdb1为Linux LVM类型: 
    Hex code (type L to list codes): L 	# 查看可用类型: 
    
     0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
     1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
     2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
     3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
     4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
     5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
     6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
     7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
     8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
     9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
     a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
     b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
     c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
     e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
     f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
    10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
    11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
    12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
    14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
    16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
    17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
    18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
    1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
    1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
    1e  Hidden W95 FAT1
    Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e		# 修改为8e, 即Linux LVM类型
    Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
    
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition number (1-4): 2				# 修改/dev/sdc2为Linux LVM类型
    Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
    Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)
    
    Command (m for help): p					# 再次查看相关信息: 
    
    Disk /dev/sdc: 4000.0 GB, 3999999721472 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486305 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x5b3d66ba
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1      267349  2147480811   8e  Linux LVM	# Id已改变
    /dev/sdb2          267350      486305  1758764070   8e  Linux LVM
    
    Command (m for help): w					# 保存并退出
    The partition table has been altered! 	# 修改成功
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    

    3.4 创建物理卷

    [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
    [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
    

    3.5 扩展卷组

    # 查看已有卷组, 发现该卷组就是需要扩容的卷组, 就不必再次创建卷组, 而是直接扩展卷组即可: 
    [root@localhost ~]# vgs
      VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree
      VolGroup   2   2   0 wz--n- 1.91t    0 
    
    # 扩展卷组: 
    [root@localhost ~]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdb1
      Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended
    [root@localhost ~]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdb2
      Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended
    

    说明: 如果出现下述无法挂载物理磁盘到卷组中的信息, 说明这块物理磁盘已经挂载了, 需要先卸载, 然后再执行创建分区+卷组的操作:

    [root@localhost /]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdb1 
      No physical volume label read from /dev/sdb1
      Physical volume /dev/sdb1 not found
      Can't open /dev/sdb1 exclusively.  Mounted filesystem?
      Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sdb1' to volume group 'VolGroup'.
    

    3.6 扩展逻辑卷

    # 扩展逻辑卷, 即扩容: 
    [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol 
      Extending logical volume lv_root to 5.54 TiB
      Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
    
    # 上述命令是将所有的空闲空间都扩容到逻辑卷中, 也可指定扩容的大小: 
    lvextend -l +100G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol 
    

    3.7 查看磁盘卷组信息

    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk 
    NAME                        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO  TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
    sda                           8:0    0 278.5G  0  disk  
    ├─sda1                        8:1    0   500M  0  part  /boot
    └─sda2                        8:2    0   278G  0  part  
      ├─VolGroup-LogVol (dm-0)  253:0    0   5.6T  0  lvm   /
    sdb                           8:16   0   1.6T  0  disk  
    └─sdb1                        8:17   0   1.6T  0  part  
      └─VolGroup-LogVol (dm-0)  253:0    0   5.6T  0  lvm   /
    sdc                           8:32   0   3.7T  0  disk  
    ├─sdc1                        8:33   0     2T  0  part  
    │ └─VolGroup-LogVol (dm-0)  253:0    0   5.6T  0  lvm   /
    └─sdc2                        8:34   0   1.7T  0  part  
      └─VolGroup-LogVol (dm-0)  253:0    0   5.6T  0  lvm   /
    

    3.8 调整文件系统的大小

    # CentOS 7重新读取磁盘大小: 
    [root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol 
    xfs_growfs: /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol is not a mounted XFS filesystem
    
    # CentOS 6.5重新读取磁盘大小: 
    # ext4格式, resize2fs会遍历整个磁盘, 速度比较慢, 但是不影响读写数据, 可以令其在后台运行. 
    [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol 
    resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Filesystem at /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
    old desc_blocks = 122, new_desc_blocks = 355
    Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root to 1487098880 (4k) blocks.
    
    # 等了差不多20分钟, 出来了下面这货: 
     The filesystem on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol is now 1487098880 blocks long.
     
    # 赶紧看下扩容成果吧: 
    [root@localhost ~]#   df -h
    Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use%  Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol   5.5T  1.8T  3.5T  34%  /			# 扩容成功
    tmpfs                          63G     0   63G   0%  /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1                     485M   40M  421M   9%  /boot
    

    3.9 附录 - 创建卷组

    对应 [3.5] 节的扩展卷组, 如果卷组不存在, 则需要创建之. 下述VolGroup是卷组名称.

    vgcreate VolGroup /dev/sdb1
    # 创建逻辑卷, 名称为: mylv. (操作系统中将产生: /dev/VolGroup/mylv目录)
    # 将当前卷组中的100G空间分配到逻辑卷中
    lvcreate -L 100G VolGroup -n mylv
    # 或将当前卷组中的所有空闲空间全都分配到逻辑卷中:  
    lvcreate -l +100%FREE VolGroup -n mylv
    
    # 格式化逻辑卷组: 
    mkfs -t ext4 /dev/VolGroup/mylv
    
    # 挂载卷组到指定目录下, 如果是挂载到根目录, 则无需向/etc/fstab文件中添加启动项. 
    mount -t ext4 /dev/VolGroup/mylv /data
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cheyunhua/p/14649147.html
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