Hibernate的核心组件
在基于MVC设计模式的JAVA WEB应用中,Hibernate可以作为模型层/数据访问层。它通过配置文件(hibernate.properties或hibernate.cfg.xml)和映射文件(***.hbm.xml)把JAVA对象或PO(Persistent Object,持久化对象)映射到数据库中的数据库,然后通过操作PO,对数据表中的数据进行增,删,改,查等操作。
除配置文件,映射文件和持久化类外,Hibernate的核心组件包括以下几部分:
a)Configuration类:用来读取Hibernate配置文件,并生成SessionFactory对象。
b)SessionFactory接口:产生Session实例工厂。
c)Session接口:用来操作PO。它有get(),load(),save(),update()和delete()等方法用来对PO进行加载,保存,更新及删除等操作。它是Hibernate的核心接口。
d)Query接口:用来对PO进行查询操。它可以从Session的createQuery()方法生成。
e)Transaction接口:用来管理Hibernate事务,它主要方法有commit()和rollback(),可以从Session的beginTrancation()方法生成。
Persistent Object
持久化对象可以是普通的Javabeans,惟一特殊的是它们与(仅一个)Session相关联。JavaBeans在Hibernate中存在三种状态:
1.临时状态(transient):当一个JavaBean对象在内存中孤立存在,不与数据库中的数据有任何关联关系时,那么这个JavaBeans对象就称为临时对象(Transient Object)。
2.持久化状态(persistent):当一个JavaBean对象与一个Session相关联时,就变成持久化对象(Persistent Object)
3.脱管状态(detached):在这个Session被关闭的同时,这个对象也会脱离持久化状态,就变成脱管状态(Detached Object),可以被应用程序的任何层自由使用,例如可以做与表示层打交道的数据舆对象(Data Transfer Object)。
Hibernate的运行过程
Hibernate的运行过程如下:
A:应用程序先调用Configration类,该类读取Hibernate的配置文件及映射文件中的信息,并用这些信息生成一个SessionFactpry对象。
B:然后从SessionFactory对象生成一个Session对象,并用Session对象生成Transaction对象;可通过Session对象的get(),load(),save(),update(),delete()和saveOrUpdate()等方法对PO进行加载,保存,更新,删除等操作;在查询的情况下,可通过Session对象生成一个Query对象,然后利用Query对象执行查询操作;如果没有异常,Transaction对象将 提交这些操作结果到数据库中。
Hibernate的运行过程如下图:
Hibernate简单示例:
数据:
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视图层:注册页面register.jsp
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设计持久化类TRegister.java
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设计Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
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设计映射文件TRegister.hbm.xml
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设计hibernate基础类HibernateUtil.java
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设计控制类
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