Asp.net MVC 实例

MVC架构已深得人心，微软也不甘落后，推出了Asp.net MVC，并在vs2010中已经内置了MVC的相关功能。如果使用vs2008，需要下载安装Service Pack 1和ASP.NET MVC Framework。MVC现在已经是2.0的版本。

选择相关开发语言，创建一个 ASP.NET MVC Web Application 项目，选择不需要单元测试，这样生成了一个MVC框架，按Ctrl+F5运行，可看到一个欢迎主页。

注意：使用MVC后不是按链接文件来访问页面，而是通过控制器实现路由链接。

我们通过一个简单的增删查改的功能来体会一下MVC开发的过程。

第一步：模块开发

首先我们创建一个简单的表格：test，该表格只有两个字段：id和name。并创建一个数据类，在Models文件夹中创建一个类，代码如下：

//Test.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

 

namespace MvcWeb.Models

{

    public class Test

    {

        private int _id = -1;

 

        public int id

        {

            get { return _id; }

            set { _id = value; }

        }

 

        public  String name {get;set;}

    }

}

然后在Models文件夹中创建一个文件夹：Maping，在此文件中新建一个LINQ to Sql，将test表拖进设计器中，保存。

最后在Models文件夹中新建一个类：TestModel.cs，输入如下代码：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Data.Linq;

using MvcWeb.Models.Maping;

 

namespace MvcWeb.Models

{

    public static class TestModel

    {

        private static TestDbMapingDataContext testDb = new TestDbMapingDataContext();

 

        //返回记录总数

        public static int Count()

        {

            return testDb.test.Count();

        }

 

        //分页列表

        public static List<Test> GetList(int page, int pageSize)

        {

            var query = (from c in testDb.test orderby c.id ascending select c).Skip((page - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize);

            List<Test> result = new List<Test>();

            foreach (var t in query)

                result.Add(FillRecord(t));

            return result;

        }

 

        //列表

        public static List<Test> GetList()

        {

            var query = (from c in testDb.test orderby c.id ascending select c);

            List<Test> result = new List<Test>();

            foreach (var t in query)

                result.Add(FillRecord(t));

            return result;

        }

 

        //修改和插入保存

        public static long Save(Test myTest)

        {

            try

            {

                test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == myTest.id select c).FirstOrDefault();

                if (t == null)

                {

                    t = new test();

                    t.id = myTest.id;

                    t.name = myTest.name;

                    testDb.test.InsertOnSubmit(t);

                }

                else

                {

                    t.name = myTest.name;

                }

                testDb.SubmitChanges();

                return t.id;

            }

            catch(ChangeConflictException ce)

            {

                testDb.ChangeConflicts.ResolveAll(RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues);

                testDb.SubmitChanges();

            }

            return -1;

        }

 

        //删除记录

        public static bool Delete(int id)

        {

            try

            {

               

test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == id select c).FirstOrDefault();

                testDb.test.DeleteOnSubmit(t);

 

                testDb.SubmitChanges();

                return t != null;

            }

            catch (ChangeConflictException ce)

            {

                testDb.ChangeConflicts.ResolveAll(RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues);

                testDb.SubmitChanges();

            }

            return false;

        }

 

        //取一条记录

        public static Test GetItem(int id)

        {

            test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == id select c).FirstOrDefault();

            return FillRecord(t);

        }

 

        //构造数据对象

        private static Test FillRecord(test i)

        {

            Test result = null;

            if (i != null)

            {

                result = new Test();

                result.id = i.id;

                result.name = i.name;

            }

            return result;

        }

    }

}

第二步：控制器开发

在Controllers文件夹中右键选择Controller，将生成一个控制器，将文件名改为：TestController.cs，并将代码做些修改，以访问模块：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

using MvcWeb.Models;

 

namespace MvcWeb.Controllers

{

    public class TestController : Controller

    {

        //

        // GET: /Test/

        int pageSize = 3;

 

        public ActionResult Index(int page)

        {

            if (page * pageSize > TestModel.Count()) page = page - 1;

            if (page <= 0) page = 1;

 

            ViewData["page"] = page;

 

            var model = TestModel.GetList(page, pageSize);

 

            return View(model);

        }

 

        //

        // GET: /Test/Details/5

 

        public ActionResult Details(int id)

        {

            var model = TestModel.GetItem(id);

            return View(model);

        }

 

        //

        // GET: /Test/Create

 

        public ActionResult Create()

        {

            Test mytest = new Test();

            return View(mytest);

        } 

 

        //

        // POST: /Test/Create

 

        [HttpPost]

        public ActionResult Create(int id,FormCollection collection)

        {

            try

            {

                // TODO: Add insert logic here

                Test mytest = new Test();

                UpdateModel(mytest, collection.ToValueProvider());

                if(mytest.name == null)

                    ViewData.ModelState.AddModelError("name", "userName not specified.");

                if (!ViewData.ModelState.IsValid)

                    throw new InvalidOperationException();

                TestModel.Save(mytest);

 

                return RedirectToAction("Index?page=1");

                

            }

            catch(InvalidOperationException ex)

            {

                return View(new Test());

            }

        }

        

        //

        // GET: /Test/Edit/5

 

        public ActionResult Edit(int id)

        {

            var model = TestModel.GetItem(id);

            return View(model);

        }

 

        //

        // POST: /Test/Edit/5

 

        [HttpPost]

        public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection collection)

        {

            try

            {

                // TODO: Add update logic here

                Test mytest = new Test();

 

                UpdateModel(mytest, collection.ToValueProvider());

 

                TestModel.Save(mytest);

 

                return RedirectToAction("Index?page=1");

            }

            catch

            {

                return View();

            }

        }

 

        //

        // GET: /Test/Delete/5

 

        public ActionResult Delete(int id)

        {

            var model = TestModel.GetItem(id);

            return View(model);

        }

 

        //

        // POST: /Test/Delete/5

 

        [HttpPost]

        public ActionResult Delete(int id, FormCollection collection)

        {

            try

            {

                // TODO: Add delete logic here

                TestModel.Delete(id);

                return RedirectToAction("Index", new { page = 1 });

            }

            catch

            {

                return View();

            }

        }

    }

}

第三步：视图开发

在控制器的Index方法中按右键，选择“Add View”，作出如下图的选择：

 

即在Views/Test文件夹下面生成一个视图：Index.aspx，因为我们使用了分页设计，所以在文件后面加上如代码：

 

      <%= Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") %>

        <% =Html.ActionLink("<< 前一页", "Index", new { page = (int)ViewData["Page"] - 1 })%>

        <% =Html.ActionLink("后一页 >>", "Index", new { page = (int)ViewData["Page"] + 1 })%>

 

打开Views/Home/Index.aspx，加入一个对Test页面的链接：

<%= Html.ActionLink("测试", "Index?page=1", "Test")%>

按上面的方法在控制器的Create, Edit, Delete生成相关视图，因为主页使用了分页，所以要将返回主页的链接“Back to List”，略作修改：“Index?page=1”。我们可以看看生成的Create.aspx的代码：

 

<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MvcWeb.Models.Test>" %>

 

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">

     Create

</asp:Content>

 

<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">

 

    <h2>Create</h2>

 

    <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%>

        <%= Html.ValidationSummary(true) %>

 

        <fieldset>

            <legend>Fields</legend>

            

            <div class="editor-label">

                <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.id) %>

            </div>

            <div class="editor-field">

                <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.id) %>

                <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.id) %>

            </div>

            

            <div class="editor-label">

                <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.name) %>

            </div>

            <div class="editor-field">

                <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.name) %>

                <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.name) %>

            </div>

            

            <p>

                <input type="submit" value="Create" />

            </p>

        </fieldset>

 

    <% } %>

 

    <div>

        <%= Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index?page=1") %>

    </div>

 

</asp:Content>

 

 

完成任务，按Ctrl+F5运行，在主页上点击“测试”，即可体验增删查改的功能。