序列化是将对象的状态信息转换为可保持或传输的格式的过程(一堆字符),比如转化为二进制、xml、json等的过程。
反序列化就是将在序列化过程中所生成的二进制串、xml、json等转换成数据结构或者对象的过程。
这两个过程结合起来,可以轻松地存储、传输数据。
最主要的作用有:
- 在进程下次启动时读取上次保存的对象的信息
- 在不同的AppDomain或进程之间传递数据
- 在分布式应用系统中传递数据序列化,其实就是将对象的状态信息转换为可以存储或传输的数据形式
比如有这样一个类
class User{
public string UserName;
public string Password;
}
我们可以把它的实例转换为这样的xml
<User>
<UserName>value</UserName>
<Password>value</Password>
</User>
可以认为这样就是序列化。
XML序列化和反序列化:
对象序列化之后的结果是XML形式的,通过XmlSerializer 类来实现的,这个类位于System.Xml.Serialization命名空间下。XML序列化不能序列化私有数据。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.Xml.Serialization; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { public class Person { public string Name;//姓名 public bool Sex;//性别,是否是男 public Person() { }//必须提供无参构造器,否则XmlSerializer将出错 public Person(string name, bool sex) { this.Name = name; this.Sex = sex; } public override string ToString() { return "姓名:" + this.Name + " 性别:" + (this.Sex ? "男" : "女"); } } public class Programmer : Person { public string Language;//编程语言 public Programmer() { }//必须提供无参构造器,否则XmlSerializer将出错 public Programmer(string name, bool sex, string language) : base(name, sex)//base关键字用于从派生类中访问基类成员 { this.Language = language; } public override string ToString() { return base.ToString() + " 编程语言:" + this.Language; } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //创建Programmer列表,并添加对象 List<Programmer> list = new List<Programmer>(); list.Add(new Programmer("李志伟", true, "C#")); list.Add(new Programmer("Coder2", false, "C++")); list.Add(new Programmer("Coder3", true, "Java")); //System.Reflection.PropertyInfo[] properties = list.GetType().GetProperties();//反射获取对象的属性 //使用XML序列化对象 string fileName = @"C:Userschris_guDesktopProgrammers.xml";//文件名称与路径 Stream fStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.ReadWrite); XmlSerializer xmlFormat = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Programmer>), new Type[] { typeof(Programmer), typeof(Person) });//创建XML序列化器,需要指定对象的类型 xmlFormat.Serialize(fStream, list); //使用XML反序列化对象 fStream.Position = 0;//重置流位置 list.Clear(); list = (List<Programmer>)xmlFormat.Deserialize(fStream); foreach (Programmer p in list) { Console.WriteLine(p); } Console.Read(); } } }
Json序列化
第一种:使用JavaScriptSerializer类,适用Web平台
C#将对象序列化成JSON字符串
using System.Web.Script; using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows) { Dictionary<string, string> data = new Dictionary<string, string>(); data.Add("Dev_NO", dr["Dev_NO"].ToString()); data.Add("Dev_Name", dr["Dev_Name"].ToString()); data.Add("Ol_Phone", dr["Ol_Phone"].ToString()); data.Add("Ol_IP", dr["Ol_IP"].ToString()); data.Add("Ol_Status", dr["Ol_Status"].ToString()); list.Add(data); } Response.Write(serializer.Serialize(list));
输出结果为:
[{"Dev_NO":"00066666","Dev_Name":"test","Ol_Phone":"13766668888","Ol_IP":"10.196.209.174","Ol_Status":"2"},{"Dev_NO":"000F0000","Dev_Name":"test_hzlkhq","Ol_Phone":"13066668888","Ol_IP":"192.168.1.198","Ol_Status":"2"}]
如何将Json字符串转换成对象使用呢?
public class Model { public string Dev_NO { get; set; } public string Dev_Name { get; set; } public string Ol_Phone { get; set; } public string Ol_IP { get; set; } public int Ol_Status { get; set; } }
string requestMes="[{"Dev_NO":"00066666","Dev_Name":"test","Ol_Phone":"13766668888","Ol_IP":"10.196.209.174","Ol_Status":"2"},{"Dev_NO":"000F0000","Dev_Name":"test_hzlkhq","Ol_Phone":"13066668888","Ol_IP":"192.168.1.198","Ol_Status":"2"}]"; JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); var Json = serializer.Deserialize<List<Model>>(requestMes);
第二种使用DataContractJsonSerializer,适用通用平台
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; using System.Runtime.Serialization; public class Model { public string Dev_NO { get; set; } public string Dev_Name { get; set; } public string Ol_Phone { get; set; } public string Ol_IP { get; set; } public int Ol_Status { get; set; } } public class Test { public static DataTable getData() { var a = "{"Dev_NO":"00066666","Dev_Name":"test","Ol_Phone":"13766668888","Ol_IP":"10.196.209.174","Ol_Status":"2"}"; var serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(List<DTUModel>)); var mStream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(a.ToString())); List<DTUModel> list = (List<DTUModel>)serializer.ReadObject(mStream); DataTable dt = new DataTable(); return dt; } }