zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • Spring Cloud 入门教程(九): 路由网关zuul

    在微服务架构中,需要几个关键的组件,服务注册与发现、服务消费、负载均衡、断路器、智能路由、配置管理等,由这几个组件可以组建一个简单的微服务架构。客户端的请求首先经过负载均衡(zuul、Ngnix),再到达服务网关(zuul集群),然后再到具体的服务,服务统一注册到高可用的服务注册中心集群,服务的所有的配置文件由配置服务管理(下一篇文章讲述),配置服务的配置文件放在Git仓库,方便开发人员随时改配置。

    1. Zuul介绍

    Zuul的主要功能是路由和过滤器。路由功能是微服务的一部分,比如/api/user映射到user服务,/api/shop映射到shop服务。zuul实现了负载均衡。以下是微服务结构中,Zuul的基本流程。在接下来的步骤中,我们来创建一个zuul服务, 将/api-feign/**映射到我们之前创建feign-service, 将/api-ribbon/**映射到之前的ribbon-service服务。

     2. 创建Zuul的Maven工程,其中关于zuul的依赖是

    <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
    </dependency>

     完整pom.xml如下:

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
     3          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
     4          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     5     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     6     <groupId>cm.chry</groupId>
     7     <artifactId>spring.helloworld.zuul.service</artifactId>
     8     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
     9     <name>spring.helloworld.zuul.service</name>
    10     <description>zuul service demo</description>
    11     <parent>
    12         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    13         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    14         <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
    15         <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    16     </parent>
    17 
    18     <properties>
    19         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    20         <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    21         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    22     </properties>
    23 
    24     <dependencies>
    25         <dependency>
    26             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    27             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    28         </dependency>
    29         <dependency>
    30             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    31             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    32         </dependency>
    33         <dependency>
    34             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    35             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
    36         </dependency>
    37         <dependency>
    38             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    39             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    40             <scope>test</scope>
    41         </dependency>
    42     </dependencies>
    43 
    44     <dependencyManagement>
    45         <dependencies>
    46             <dependency>
    47                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    48                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    49                 <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
    50                 <type>pom</type>
    51                 <scope>import</scope>
    52             </dependency>
    53         </dependencies>
    54     </dependencyManagement>
    55 
    56     <build>
    57         <plugins>
    58             <plugin>
    59                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    60                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    61             </plugin>
    62         </plugins>
    63     </build>
    64 
    65     <repositories>
    66         <repository>
    67             <id>spring-milestones</id>
    68             <name>Spring Milestones</name>
    69             <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
    70             <snapshots>
    71                 <enabled>false</enabled>
    72             </snapshots>
    73         </repository>
    74     </repositories>
    75 </project>
    pom.xml

    3. 创建启动类: 使用@EnableZuulProxy注解

     1 package spring.helloworld.zuul.service;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
     4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
     5 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
     6 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
     7 
     8 @EnableZuulProxy
     9 @EnableEurekaClient
    10 @SpringBootApplication
    11 public class ServiceZuulApplication {
    12     public static void main(String[] args) {
    13         SpringApplication.run(ServiceZuulApplication.class, args);
    14     }
    15 }

    4. 编写zuul服务配置:

    简单配置两个路由, 一个路由到ribbon,一个路由到feign; 由于都注册到eureka服务中心,所以都用通过serviceId来发现服务具体地址, path是路由的地址映射关系

     1 eureka:
     2     client:
     3         serviceUrl:
     4             defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
     5 server:
     6     port: 8904
     7 spring:
     8     application:
     9         name: service-zuul
    10 zuul:
    11   routes:
    12     ribbo:
    13       path: /api-ribbon/**
    14       serviceId: service-ribbon
    15     feign:
    16       path: /api-feign/**
    17       serviceId: service-feign

    这时启动zuul服务, 然后访问http://localhost:8904/api-ribbon可直接路由到http://localhost:8901/.  

    http://localhost:8904/api-feign/hello可路由到http://localhost:8902/hello

    5. Zuul过滤器

    zuul还提供了过滤功能, 只要实现接口ZuulFilter即可对请求先进行筛选和过滤之后再路由到具体服务。

     1 package spring.helloworld.zuul.service;
     2 
     3 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
     4 
     5 import org.slf4j.Logger;
     6 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
     7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     8 
     9 import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
    10 import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
    11 
    12 @Component
    13 public class DemoFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    14     private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoFilter.class);
    15     @Override
    16     public String filterType() {
    17         return "pre";
    18     }
    19 
    20     @Override
    21     public int filterOrder() {
    22         return 0;
    23     }
    24 
    25     @Override
    26     public boolean shouldFilter() {
    27         return true;
    28     }
    29 
    30     @Override
    31     public Object run() {
    32         RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
    33         HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
    34         String s = String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString());
    35         log.info(s);
    36         return null;
    37     }
    38 }

    filterType:返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型,在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型,具体如下: 

    • pre:路由之前
    • routing:路由之时
    • post: 路由之后
    • error:发送错误调用

    filterOrder:过滤的顺序 

    • pre:路由之前
    • routing:路由之时
    • post: 路由之后
    • error:发送错误调用

    shouldFilter:这里可以写逻辑判断,是否要过滤,本文true,永远过滤。 

    run:过滤器的具体逻辑,这里只是将请求的URL简单些到日志中

    上一篇:Spring Cloud 入门教程(八): 断路器指标数据监控Hystrix Dashboard 和 Turbine

    下一篇:Spring Cloud 入门教程(十):和RabbitMQ的整合 -- 消息总线Spring Cloud Netflix Bus

  • 相关阅读:
    OOP3(继承中的类作用域/构造函数与拷贝控制/继承与容器)
    OOP2(虚函数/抽象基类/访问控制与继承)
    OOP1(定义基类和派生类)
    拷贝控制3(对象移动)
    拷贝控制2(拷贝控制和资源管理/交换操作/动态内存管理)
    拷贝控制1(拷贝、赋值与销毁)
    动态内存2(动态数组)
    python--numpy模块、spicy模块、 matplotlib模块
    Java--23种设计模式之decorator模式
    Android开发---开发文档翻译
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chry/p/7299844.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看