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  • linux环境下安装python 3

    说明

      在linux环境下,都默认安装python 2的环境,由于python3在python2的基础上升级较大,所以安装python 3环境用于使用最新的python 3的语法。

    安装过程

    1.下载,上传python 3源码包至服务器

    2.解压缩python 3压缩包

    [aiprd@hadoop3 softwares]$ ls
    kibana-6.7.1-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  Python-3.7.4.tgz  zookeeper-3.4.14.tar.gz
    [aiprd@hadoop3 softwares]$ tar -zxf Python-3.7.4.tgz 
    [aiprd@hadoop3 softwares]$ ls
    kibana-6.7.1-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  Python-3.7.4  Python-3.7.4.tgz  zookeeper-3.4.14.tar.gz

    3.执行配置检查,配置安装路径

    [aiprd@hadoop3 Python-3.7.4]$ ./configure --prefix=/home/aiprd/app/python-3.7.4
    checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
    checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
    checking for python3.7... no
    checking for python3... no
    checking for python... python
    checking for --enable-universalsdk... no
    checking for --with-universal-archs... no
    checking MACHDEP... checking for --without-gcc... no
    checking for --with-icc... no
    checking for gcc... no
    checking for cc... no
    checking for cl.exe... no
    configure: error: in `/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4':
    configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
    See `config.log' for more details

    配置检查报错,没有C编译环境。

    4.安装gcc软件包

    yum install gcc

    5.再次执行配置检查,检查通过

    6.编译,安装

    make && make install

    再次报错:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
        "__main__", mod_spec)
      File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
        exec(code, run_globals)
      File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__main__.py", line 5, in <module>
        sys.exit(ensurepip._main())
      File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 204, in _main
        default_pip=args.default_pip,
      File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 117, in _bootstrap
        return _run_pip(args + [p[0] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths)
      File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 27, in _run_pip
        import pip._internal
    zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
    make: *** [install] Error 1

    安装zlib-devel软件包

    yum install zlib-devel

    7.再次编译,安装,报下面的错误

        import pip._internal
      File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/__init__.py", line 40, in <module>
      File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py", line 8, in <module>
      File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py", line 12, in <module>
      File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
      File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py", line 6, in <module>
      File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 20, in <module>
      File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/download.py", line 37, in <module>
      File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py", line 3, in <module>
      File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
        from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
    make: *** [install] Error 1

    安装libffi-devel软件包

    [root@hadoop3 Packages]# yum install libffi-devel -y
    Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
    This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
    Setting up Install Process
    No package libffi-devel available.
    Error: Nothing to do

    但是,发现ISO镜像中,没有该软件包

    下载libffi-devel的RPM包,进行安装,下载地址:http://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/6.10/os/x86_64/Packages/libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm

    [root@hadoop3 ~]# ls -l
    total 40
    -rw-------. 1 root root  1031 Feb 19  2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10475 Feb 19  2019 install.log
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3161 Feb 19  2019 install.log.syslog
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root 18000 Aug 26 14:56 libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
    [root@hadoop3 ~]# rpm -ivh libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm 
    warning: libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
    Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
       1:libffi-devel           ########################################### [100%]

    再次进行编译,安装

    make clean   #此处,需要先make clean,然后重新configure,否则即使libffi-devel软件包已经安装,仍然会报错。
    ./configure --prefix=/home/aiprd/app/python-3.7.4
    make && make install
    Looking in links: /tmp/tmpr5iivfh5
    Collecting setuptools
    Collecting pip
    Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
    Successfully installed pip-19.0.3 setuptools-40.8.0

    8.查看python版本

    [aiprd@hadoop3 python-3.7.4]$ bin/python3 --version
    Python 3.7.4

    安装完成。

    文档创建时间:2019年8月26日15:03:40

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chuanzhang053/p/11412623.html
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