Registering Components-->Autofac registration(include constructor injection)

https://autofaccn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/register/registration.html

Registration Concepts  (有4种方式来注册)

You register components with Autofac by creating a ContainerBuilder and informing the builder which components expose which services.

Components can be created via reflection (by registering a specific .NET type or open generic); by providing a ready-made instance (an instance of an object you created); or via lambda expression (an anonymous function that executes to instantiate your object). ContainerBuilder has a family of Register() methods that allow you to set these up.

Each component exposes one or more services that are wired up using the As() methods on ContainerBuilder.

// Create the builder with which components/services are registered.
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();

// Register types that expose interfaces...
builder.RegisterType<ConsoleLogger>().As<ILogger>();

// Register instances of objects you create...
var output = new StringWriter();
builder.RegisterInstance(output).As<TextWriter>();

// Register expressions that execute to create objects...
builder.Register(c => new ConfigReader("mysection")).As<IConfigReader>();

// Build the container to finalize registrations
// and prepare for object resolution.
var container = builder.Build();

// Now you can resolve services using Autofac. For example,
// this line will execute the lambda expression registered
// to the IConfigReader service.
using(var scope = container.BeginLifetimeScope())
{
  var reader = scope.Resolve<IConfigReader>();
}

Reflection Components   第一种方式

Register by Type

Components generated by reflection are typically registered by type:

var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterType<ConsoleLogger>();
builder.RegisterType(typeof(ConfigReader));

When using reflection-based components, Autofac automatically uses the constructor for your class with the most parameters that are able to be obtained from the container.

For example, say you have a class with three constructors like this:

public class MyComponent
{
    public MyComponent() { /* ... */ }
    public MyComponent(ILogger logger) { /* ... */ }
    public MyComponent(ILogger logger, IConfigReader reader) { /* ... */ }
}

Now say you register components and services in your container like this:

var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterType<MyComponent>();
builder.RegisterType<ConsoleLogger>().As<ILogger>();
var container = builder.Build();

using(var scope = container.BeginLifetimeScope())
{
  var component = scope.Resolve<MyComponent>();
}

When you resolve your component, Autofac will see that you have an ILogger registered, but you don’t have an IConfigReader registered. In that case, the second constructor will be chosen since that’s the one with the most parameters that can be found in the container.

An important note on reflection-based components: Any component type you register via RegisterType must be a concrete type. While components can expose abstract classes or interfaces as services, you can’t register an abstract/interface component. It makes sense if you think about it: behind the scenes, Autofac is creating an instance of the thing you’re registering. You can’t “new up” an abstract class or an interface. You have to have an implementation, right?

Specifying a Constructor

You can manually choose a particular constructor to use and override the automatic choice by registering your component with the UsingConstructor method and a list of types representing the parameter types in the constructor:

builder.RegisterType<MyComponent>()
       .UsingConstructor(typeof(ILogger), typeof(IConfigReader));

Note that you will still need to have the requisite parameters available at resolution time or there will be an error when you try to resolve the object. You can pass parameters at registration time or you can pass them at resolve time.

在对MyComponent进行resolve的时候，会自动进行构造函数注入。以参数最多的那个作为标准。

在实例化MyComponent的时候，发现参数ILogger已经注册了对应的类型ConsoleLogger。会自动实例化1个ConsoleLogger作为参数进行传递。

 https://www.cnblogs.com/wyy1234/p/9144669.html  需要看一下这里面的评论

Instance Components   第二种方式

In some cases, you may want to pre-generate an instance of an object and add it to the container for use by registered components. You can do this using the RegisterInstance method:

var output = new StringWriter();
builder.RegisterInstance(output).As<TextWriter>();

Something to consider when you do this is that Autofac automatically handles disposal of registered components and you may want to control the lifetime yourself rather than having Autofac call Dispose on your object for you. In that case, you need to register the instance with the ExternallyOwned method:

var output = new StringWriter();
builder.RegisterInstance(output)
       .As<TextWriter>()
       .ExternallyOwned();

Registering provided instances is also handy when integrating Autofac into an existing application where a singleton instance already exists and needs to be used by components in the container. Rather than tying those components directly to the singleton, it can be registered with the container as an instance:

builder.RegisterInstance(MySingleton.Instance).ExternallyOwned();

This ensures that the static singleton can eventually be eliminated and replaced with a container-managed one.

The default service exposed by an instance is the concrete type of the instance. See “Services vs. Components,” below.

Lambda Expression Components   第三种方式

Reflection is a pretty good default choice for component creation. Things get messy, though, when component creation logic goes beyond a simple constructor call.

Autofac can accept a delegate or lambda expression to be used as a component creator:

builder.Register(c => new A(c.Resolve<B>()));

The parameter c provided to the expression is the component context (an IComponentContext object) in which the component is being created. You can use this to resolve other values from the container to assist in creating your component. It is important to use this rather than a closure to access the container so that deterministic disposal and nested containers can be supported correctly.

Additional dependencies can be satisfied using this context parameter - in the example, A requires a constructor parameter of type B that may have additional dependencies.

The default service provided by an expression-created component is the inferred return type of the expression.

Below are some examples of requirements met poorly by reflective component creation but nicely addressed by lambda expressions.

https://autofaccn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/register/parameters.html

 第三种方式的用处在于，Passing Parameters to Register，在注册的时候需要传递参数，作为第二种实现方式。第一种方式是Parameters with Reflection Components

这个传递参数还是比较麻烦，可以考虑使用把变量插入OwinContext中，然后在需要实例化的地方，直接拿出来

Complex Parameters

Constructor parameters can’t always be declared with simple constant values. Rather than puzzling over how to construct a value of a certain type using an XML configuration syntax, use code: 

与其纠结于如何使用XML配置语法构造特定类型的值，不如使用以下代码:

builder.Register(c => new UserSession(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(25)));

(Of course, session expiry is probably something you’d want to specify in a configuration file - but you get the gist 要点;))

Property Injection

While Autofac offers a more first-class approach to property injection, you can use expressions and property initializers to populate properties as well:

builder.Register(c => new A(){ MyB = c.ResolveOptional<B>() });

The ResolveOptional method will try to resolve the value but won’t throw an exception if the service isn’t registered. (You will still get an exception if the service is registered but can’t properly be resolved.) This is one of the options for resolving a service.

Property injection is not recommended in the majority of cases. Alternatives like the Null Object pattern, overloaded constructors or constructor parameter default values make it possible to create cleaner, “immutable” components with optional dependencies using constructor injection.

Selection of an Implementation by Parameter Value

One of the great benefits of isolating component creation is that the concrete type can be varied. This is often done at runtime, not just configuration time:

builder.Register<CreditCard>(
  (c, p) =>
    {
      var accountId = p.Named<string>("accountId");
      if (accountId.StartsWith("9"))
      {
        return new GoldCard(accountId);
      }
      else
      {
        return new StandardCard(accountId);
      }
    });

In this example, CreditCard is implemented by two classes, GoldCard and StandardCard - which class is instantiated depends on the account ID provided at runtime.

Parameters are provided to the creation function through an optional second parameter named pin this example.

Using this registration would look like:

var card = container.Resolve<CreditCard>(new NamedParameter("accountId", "12345"));

A cleaner, type-safe syntax can be achieved if a delegate to create CreditCard instances is declared and a delegate factory is used.

Open Generic Components  第四种方式

Autofac supports open generic types. Use the RegisterGeneric() builder method:

builder.RegisterGeneric(typeof(NHibernateRepository<>))
       .As(typeof(IRepository<>))
       .InstancePerLifetimeScope();

When a matching service type is requested from the container, Autofac will map this to an equivalent closed version of the implementation type:

// Autofac will return an NHibernateRepository<Task>
var tasks = container.Resolve<IRepository<Task>>();

Registration of a specialized service type (e.g. IRepository<Person>) will override the open generic version.

Services vs. Components

When you register components, you have to tell Autofac which services that component exposes. By default, most registrations will just expose themselves as the type registered:

Service

A well-defined behavioural contract shared between a providing and a consuming Component

// This exposes the service "CallLogger"
builder.RegisterType<CallLogger>();

Components can only be resolved by the services they expose. In this simple example it means:

// This will work because the component
// exposes the type by default:
scope.Resolve<CallLogger>();

// This will NOT work because we didn't
// tell the registration to also expose
// the ILogger interface on CallLogger:
scope.Resolve<ILogger>();

You can expose a component with any number of services you like:

builder.RegisterType<CallLogger>()
       .As<ILogger>()
       .As<ICallInterceptor>();

Once you expose a service, you can resolve the component based on that service. Note, however, that once you expose a component as a specific service, the default service (the component type) is overridden:

// These will both work because we exposed
// the appropriate services in the registration:
scope.Resolve<ILogger>();
scope.Resolve<ICallInterceptor>();

// This WON'T WORK anymore because we specified
// service overrides on the component:
scope.Resolve<CallLogger>();

If you want to expose a component as a set of services as well as using the default service, use the AsSelf method:

builder.RegisterType<CallLogger>()
       .AsSelf()
       .As<ILogger>()
       .As<ICallInterceptor>();

Now all of these will work:

// These will all work because we exposed
// the appropriate services in the registration:
scope.Resolve<ILogger>();
scope.Resolve<ICallInterceptor>();
scope.Resolve<CallLogger>();

builder.RegisterType<CallLogger>()
       .AsSelf()
       .As<ILogger>()
       .As<ICallInterceptor>();