zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • How line ending conversions work with git core.autocrlf between different operating systems

    How line ending conversions work with git core.autocrlf between different operating systems

    Update 04/17/2012: After reading the article by Tim Clem linked by JJD in the comments, I have modified some of the values in the "unknown" values in the table above, as well as changing "checkout existing | true to convert to CRLF instead of convert to client". Here are the definitions he gives, which are more clear than anything I've seen elsewhere:

    core.autocrlf = false

    This is the default, but most people are encouraged to change this immediately. The result of using false is that Git doesn’t ever mess with line endings on your file. You can check in files with LF or CRLF or CR or some random mix of those three and Git does not care. This can make diffs harder to read and merges more difficult. Most people working in a Unix/Linux world use this value because they don’t have CRLF problems and they don’t need Git to be doing extra work whenever files are written to the object database or written out into the working directory.

    core.autocrlf = true

    This means that Git will process all text files and make sure that CRLF is replaced with LF when writing that file to the object database and turn all LF back into CRLF when writing out into the working directory. This is the recommended setting on Windows because it ensures that your repository can be used on other platforms while retaining CRLF in your working directory.

    core.autocrlf = input

    This means that Git will process all text files and make sure that CRLF is replaced with LF when writing that file to the object database. It will not, however, do the reverse. When you read files back out of the object database and write them into the working directory they will still have LFs to denote the end of line. This setting is generally used on Unix/Linux/OS X to prevent CRLFs from getting written into the repository. The idea being that if you pasted code from a web browser and accidentally got CRLFs into one of your files, Git would make sure they were replaced with LFs when you wrote to the object database.

    Tim's article is excellent, the only thing I can think of that is missing is that he assumes the repository is in LF format, which is not necessarily true, especially for Windows only projects.

    Comparing Tim's article to the highest voted answer to date by jmlane shows perfect agreement on the true and input settings and disagreement on the false setting.

    回答1

    The best explanation of how core.autocrlf works is found on the gitattributes man page, in the text attribute section.

    This is how core.autocrlf appears to work currently (or at least since v1.7.2 from what I am aware):

    • core.autocrlf = true
    1. Text files checked-out from the repository that have only LF characters are normalized to CRLF in your working tree; files that contain CRLF in the repository will not be touched
    2. Text files that have only LF characters in the repository, are normalized from CRLF to LF when committed back to the repository. Files that contain CRLF in the repository will be committed untouched.
    • core.autocrlf = input
    1. Text files checked-out from the repository will keep original EOL characters in your working tree.
    2. Text files in your working tree with CRLF characters are normalized to LF when committed back to the repository.
    • core.autocrlf = false
    1. core.eol dictates EOL characters in the text files of your working tree.
    2. core.eol = native by default, which means Windows EOLs are CRLF and *nix EOLs are LF in working trees.
    3. Repository gitattributes settings determines EOL character normalization for commits to the repository (default is normalization to LF characters).

    I've only just recently researched this issue and I also find the situation to be very convoluted. The core.eol setting definitely helped clarify how EOL characters are handled by git.

    回答2

    The issue of EOLs in mixed-platform projects has been making my life miserable for a long time. The problems usually arise when there are already files with different and mixed EOLs already in the repo. This means that:

    1. The repo may have different files with different EOLs
    2. Some files in the repo may have mixed EOL, e.g. a combination of CRLF and LF in the same file.

    How this happens is not the issue here, but it does happen.

    I ran some conversion tests on Windows for the various modes and their combinations.
    Here is what I got, in a slightly modified table:

                     | Resulting conversion when       | Resulting conversion when 
                     | committing files with various   | checking out FROM repo - 
                     | EOLs INTO repo and              | with mixed files in it and
                     |  core.autocrlf value:           | core.autocrlf value:           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    File             | true       | input      | false | true       | input | false
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Windows-CRLF     | CRLF -> LF | CRLF -> LF | as-is | as-is      | as-is | as-is
    Unix -LF         | as-is      | as-is      | as-is | LF -> CRLF | as-is | as-is
    Mac  -CR         | as-is      | as-is      | as-is | as-is      | as-is | as-is
    Mixed-CRLF+LF    | as-is      | as-is      | as-is | as-is      | as-is | as-is
    Mixed-CRLF+LF+CR | as-is      | as-is      | as-is | as-is      | as-is | as-is
    
    

    As you can see, there are 2 cases when conversion happens on commit (3 left columns). In the rest of the cases the files are committed as-is.

    Upon checkout (3 right columns), there is only 1 case where conversion happens when:

    1. core.autocrlf is true and
    2. the file in the repo has the LF EOL.

    Most surprising for me, and I suspect, the cause of many EOL problems is that there is no configuration in which mixed EOL like CRLF+LF get normalized.

    Note also that "old" Mac EOLs of CR only also never get converted.
    This means that if a badly written EOL conversion script tries to convert a mixed ending file with CRLFs+LFs, by just converting LFs to CRLFs, then it will leave the file in a mixed mode with "lonely" CRs wherever a CRLF was converted to CRCRLF.
    Git will then not convert anything, even in true mode, and EOL havoc continues. This actually happened to me and messed up my files really badly, since some editors and compilers (e.g. VS2010) don't like Mac EOLs.

    I guess the only way to really handle these problems is to occasionally normalize the whole repo by checking out all the files in input or false mode, running a proper normalization and re-committing the changed files (if any). On Windows, presumably resume working with core.autocrlf true.

    回答3

    core.autocrlf value does not depend on OS type but on Windows default value is true and for Linux - input. I explored 3 possible values for commit and checkout cases and this is the resulting table:

    ╔═══════════════╦══════════════╦══════════════╦══════════════╗
    ║ core.autocrlf ║     false    ║     input    ║     true     ║
    ╠═══════════════╬══════════════╬══════════════╬══════════════╣
    ║               ║ LF   => LF   ║ LF   => LF   ║ LF   => LF   ║
    ║ git commit    ║ CR   => CR   ║ CR   => CR   ║ CR   => CR   ║
    ║               ║ CRLF => CRLF ║ CRLF => LF   ║ CRLF => LF   ║
    ╠═══════════════╬══════════════╬══════════════╬══════════════╣
    ║               ║ LF   => LF   ║ LF   => LF   ║ LF   => CRLF ║
    ║ git checkout  ║ CR   => CR   ║ CR   => CR   ║ CR   => CR   ║
    ║               ║ CRLF => CRLF ║ CRLF => CRLF ║ CRLF => CRLF ║
    评论:Shorty summary in words: Files with CR alone are never touched. false never touches line endings. true always commits as LF and checks out as CRLF. And input always commits as LF and checks out as-is. Dec 28 '18 at 17:02
     
     
    回答4

    Things are about to change on the "eol conversion" front, with the upcoming Git 1.7.2:

    A new config setting core.eol is being added/evolved:

    This is a replacement for the 'Add "core.eol" config variable' commit that's currently in pu (the last one in my series).
    Instead of implying that "core.autocrlf=true" is a replacement for "* text=auto", it makes explicit the fact that autocrlf is only for users who want to work with CRLFs in their working directory on a repository that doesn't have text file normalization.
    When it is enabled, "core.eol" is ignored.

    Introduce a new configuration variable, "core.eol", that allows the user to set which line endings to use for end-of-line-normalized files in the working directory.
    It defaults to "native", which means CRLF on Windows and LF everywhere else. Note that "core.autocrlf" overrides core.eol.
    This means that:

    [core]
      autocrlf = true
    

    puts CRLFs in the working directory even if core.eol is set to "lf".

    core.eol:
    

    Sets the line ending type to use in the working directory for files that have the text property set.
    Alternatives are 'lf', 'crlf' and 'native', which uses the platform's native line ending.
    The default value is native.


    Other evolutions are being considered:

    For 1.8, I would consider making core.autocrlf just turn on normalization and leave the working directory line ending decision to core.eol, but that will break people's setups.


    git 2.8 (March 2016) improves the way core.autocrlf influences the eol:

    See commit 817a0c7 (23 Feb 2016), commit 6e336a5, commit df747b8, commit df747b8 (10 Feb 2016), commit df747b8, commit df747b8 (10 Feb 2016), and commit 4b4024f, commit bb211b4, commit 92cce13, commit 320d39c, commit 4b4024f, commit bb211b4, commit 92cce13, commit 320d39c (05 Feb 2016) by Torsten Bögershausen (tboegi).
    (Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit c6b94eb, 26 Feb 2016)

    convert.c: refactor crlf_action

    Refactor the determination and usage of crlf_action.
    Today, when no "crlf" attribute are set on a file, crlf_action is set to CRLF_GUESS. Use CRLF_UNDEFINED instead, and search for "text" or "eol" as before.

    Replace the old CRLF_GUESS usage:

    CRLF_GUESS && core.autocrlf=true -> CRLF_AUTO_CRLF
    CRLF_GUESS && core.autocrlf=false -> CRLF_BINARY
    CRLF_GUESS && core.autocrlf=input -> CRLF_AUTO_INPUT
    

    Make more clear, what is what, by defining:

    - CRLF_UNDEFINED : No attributes set. Temparally used, until core.autocrlf
                       and core.eol is evaluated and one of CRLF_BINARY,
                       CRLF_AUTO_INPUT or CRLF_AUTO_CRLF is selected
    - CRLF_BINARY    : No processing of line endings.
    - CRLF_TEXT      : attribute "text" is set, line endings are processed.
    - CRLF_TEXT_INPUT: attribute "input" or "eol=lf" is set. This implies text.
    - CRLF_TEXT_CRLF : attribute "eol=crlf" is set. This implies text.
    - CRLF_AUTO      : attribute "auto" is set.
    - CRLF_AUTO_INPUT: core.autocrlf=input (no attributes)
    - CRLF_AUTO_CRLF : core.autocrlf=true  (no attributes)
    

    As torek adds in the comments:

    all these translations (any EOL conversion from eol= or autocrlf settings, and "clean" filters) are run when files move from work-tree to index, i.e., during git add rather than at git commit time.
    (Note that git commit -a or --only or --include do add files to the index at that time, though.)

    For more on that, see "What is difference between autocrlf and eol".

     
    评论:This, unfortunately, doesn't add clarity for me. It seems like they are saying there are problems with the current implementation (it's not clear what those problems are) and they are increasing the complexity in an effort to solve those unspecified problems. In my opinion, the core.autocrlf setting is already overly complex and under-documented and that situation appears to be getting worse. Thanks again for the heads up. Jul 9 '10 at 12:50
  • 相关阅读:
    hash算法
    TCP/IP四层与OSI七层模型
    di
    VSCode安装程序——java开发
    java中的多线程
    C#ThreadPool类—多线程
    学习-思考
    DataTable通过Select进行过滤
    javascript遍历对象属性
    WebClient 与HttpClient 的区别
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chucklu/p/15319431.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看