https://4sysops.com/archives/ipv6-tutorial-part-4-ipv6-address-syntax/
Now that you know about the new features of IPv6, it is time to have a closer look at the practical details.
In this post, I will give a short summary about the IPv6 address syntax.
It is essentially a condensed version of the corresponding part in Microsoft’s white paper “Introduction to IP Version 6.”
colon冒号
Colon-hexadecimal representation
An IPv6 address consists of 128 bits and is presented in eight 16-bit blocks. Each 16-bit block is converted to a four-digit hexadecimal number. Blocks are separated by colons.
Example: 2001:0DB8:0000:2F3B:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A
一共是32个字节，分为8组，每组2个字节 ；2个字节用十六进制表示,0x2001 第一个字节是0x20 第二个字节是0x01
Leading zero suppression
Because IPv6 addresses are quite long, the leading zeroes within a 16-bit block can be removed, but each block must have at least a single digit.
Example: 2001:DB8:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A
Zero compression
A contiguous sequence of 16-bit blocks set to 0 can be replaced with the so-called double colon (::). Zero compression can only be applied once in an IP address.
To determine how many blocks have been omitted, you just have to count the remaining blocks and subtract this number from 8.
Example: FE80:0:0:0:2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2 can be zero compressed to FE80::2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2.
只有5组数据，中间有一个双冒号表示压缩了0,8-5=3；说明有3组0000被压缩了
IPv6 prefix
IPv6 prefixes are used to express IPv6 subnets, routes, and address ranges.
The syntax of IPv6 prefixes looks like this: address/prefix-length.
It is comparable to the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation for IPv4 (for instance, 192.168.0.0/16 represents a Class B subnet): Subnet masks(子网掩码) are no longer used in IPv6.
Example: 21DA:D3:0:2F3B::/64 represents a subnet of 264 addresses, where the first 64 bits are fixed and the last 64 bits are variable.
Admittedly, IPv6 addresses look somewhat complicated compared to the relatively simple IPv4 addresses.
Rest assured that typos in IPv6 addresses will knock down quite a few systems once IPv6 starts replacing IPv4.
But this is the price of the large address space. I guess, we will get used to it.
In my next post, I will discuss the different types of IPv6 addresses.
I promise that things won’t get easier.
In the next post of this tutorial I will say some general words about the IPv6 address types and I will introduce the most address type, the global IPv6 unicast address.