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  • SpringBoot源码分析(二)启动原理

    Springboot的jar启动方式,是通过IOC容器启动 带动了Web容器的启动

    而Springboot的war启动方式,是通过Web容器(如Tomcat)的启动 带动了IOC容器相关的启动

    一、不可不说的Web容器(如Tomcat)

    不管是jar启动还是war包启动,都绕不开web容器相关。先了解这个怎么工作的,以Tomcat为例,

    看看Springboot 怎么来自动装配tomcat 相关的组件?

    1.1 相关类

    相关包org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web,在springboot的自动配置包的web下(自动配置功能都在这个autoconfigure包下)。

    embedded(内嵌)里面四个类一个A四B,一个:

    EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration(内嵌web容器工厂自定义定制器装配类)

    四个具体容器相关:

    JettyWebServerFactoryCustomizer、NettyWebServerFactoryCustomizer、TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer、UndertowWebServerFactoryCustomizer

    一个自动配置类+四个常用web容器定制器

    1.2.工作流程

    以Tomcat定制器切入,断点落在构造器上,启动。

    总结出它的工作流程:

    1.启动=》2.createWebServer=》

    3.拿TomcatServletWebServerFactory(tomcatWeb容器工厂)=》

    4.拿WebServerFactoryCustomizer(工厂定制器)

    也就是拿工厂定制器获取工厂,再拿工厂获取web容器,这么个流程

    1.3.具体工作

    可以仔细看下相关工厂是如何配置创建容器运行的

    TomcatServletWebServerFactory的创建Tomcat方法

    	public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
    		Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    		File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory
    				: createTempDir("tomcat");
    		tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
    		Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
    		tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
    		customizeConnector(connector);
    		tomcat.setConnector(connector);
    		tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
    		configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
    		for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
    			tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
    		}
    		prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    		return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
    	}
    

    创建Tocmat类并设置相关这些组件,应该很熟悉(以后出Tomcat源码分析)。

    TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer的customize定制方法,通过类serverProperties配置文件设置工厂的属性

    二、SpringBoot的jar启动方式

    来自:

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(StudySpringbootApplication.class, args);
        }
    

    打开源码:

    	public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources,
    			String[] args) {
    		return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args);
    	}
    

    其实两步,一步创建SpringApplication ,一步run运行。

    创建类做的事情比较简单,主要包括判断web应用类型、用SpringFactories技术从 spring.factories 文件里获取ApplicationContextInitializer 对应类和ApplicationListener,最后获取当前应用的启动类的类对象。

    2.1 run方法

    	public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
            //StopWatch是记录时间的工具,为了打印那句SpringBoot启动耗时的
    		StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    		stopWatch.start();
    		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    		Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
            //系统设置,在缺失显示屏、鼠标或者键盘时也让这个java应用相关正常工作
    		configureHeadlessProperty();
            //去meta-info/spring.factories中获取SpringApplicationRunListener 监听器(事件发布监听器)
    		SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
            //发布容器 starting事件(for循环一个个调用,通过spring的事件多播器)
    		listeners.starting();
    		try {
                //封装命令行参数
    			ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
    					args);
                //准备容器环境
                //1:获取或者创建环境
                //2:把命令行参数设置到环境中
                //3:通过监听器发布环境准备事件
    			ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
    					applicationArguments);
                //配置是否跳过搜索BeanInfo类,默认忽略跳过
    			configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
                //打印控制台那个SpringBoot图标
    			Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
                //根据类型(servlet或者reactive?)创建应用上下文ApplicationContext
    			context = createApplicationContext();
                //到spring.factoris文件里拿springboot异常报告类的集合
    			exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(
    					SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
    					new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
                //准备环境
                //1:把应用上下文ApplicationContext环境设置到容器中
                //2:循环调用AppplicationInitnazlier 进行容器初始化工作
                //3:发布 容器上下文准备 完成事件
                //4:注册关于springboot特定特性的相关单例Bean
                //5:BeanDefinitionLoader加载资源源码,将启动类注入容器
                //6:发布 容器上下文加载 完毕事件
    			prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
    					printedBanner);
                //IOC容器refresh,见以前IOC源码分析
    			refreshContext(context);
                //springboot2.x已经改成空方法,以前里面是后面的callRunners
    			afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
                //计时(耗时统计)停止
    			stopWatch.stop();
                //打印那句springboot在多少秒内启动了
    			if (this.logStartupInfo) {
    				new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
    						.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
    			}
                //发布容器启动事件
    			listeners.started(context);
                //运行 ApplicationRunner 和CommandLineRunner
    			callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
    		}
    		catch (Throwable ex) {
    			handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
    			throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    		}
    
    		try {
                //发布容器运行事件
    			listeners.running(context);
    		}
    		catch (Throwable ex) {
    			handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
    			throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    		}
    		return context;
    	}
    

    其实大多是准备、工具、事件等,最核心的还是里面的refreshContext(context);带动了IOC容器启动

    2.2 refreshContext(context)

    其实大部分内容在之前IOC容器源码写过,唯一的区别在于:

    SpringIOC的refresh方法里的onRefresh方法是空的,而SpringBoot继承重写了这个方法!

    SpringBoot的onRefresh:

    	@Override
    	protected void onRefresh() {
    		super.onRefresh();
    		try {
    			createWebServer();
    		}
    		catch (Throwable ex) {
    			throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
    		}
    	}
    

    SpringBoot里应用上下文是用的新的ServletWebServerApplicationContext类(更具体实现之一是AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext)

    这里就开始和上面说过的Web容器相关知识衔接上了,这里进行的Web容器(Tomcat)的创建运行!

    createWebServer:

    	private void createWebServer() {
    		WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
    		ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
    		if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
    			ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
    			this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
    		}
    		else if (servletContext != null) {
    			try {
    				getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
    			}
    			catch (ServletException ex) {
    				//...
    			}
    		}
    		initPropertySources();
    	}
    

    这里就是判断有没有Server以及环境,没有的话就获取web容器制造工厂,最后通过工厂获取Tomcat赋值。

    实际上获取Tomcat创建的时候,此时构造器最后的代码就是启动,TomcatWebServer类构造器如下:

    	public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {
    		Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
    		this.tomcat = tomcat;
    		this.autoStart = autoStart;
    		initialize();
    	}
    

    TomcatWebServer的initialize:

    private void initialize() throws WebServerException {
    		logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false));
    		synchronized (this.monitor) {
    			try {
    				addInstanceIdToEngineName();
    				Context context = findContext();
    				context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {
    					if (context.equals(event.getSource())
    							&& Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
    						removeServiceConnectors();
    					}
    				});
    				this.tomcat.start();
    				rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();
    				try {
    					ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(),
    							getClass().getClassLoader());
    				}
    				catch (NamingException ex) {
    				}
    				startDaemonAwaitThread();
    			}
    			catch (Exception ex) {
    				stopSilently();
    				throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex);
    			}
    		}
    	}
    

    最终在IOC 容器中的 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext的refresh 的
    onReFresh方法带动了Tomcat启动

    三、SpringBoot的war包启动方式

    @SpringBootApplication
    public class StudySpringbootApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
        @Override
        protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {
            return builder.sources(StudySpringbootApplication.class);
        }
    }
    

    Springboot的war启动方式,是通过Web容器(如Tomcat)的启动 带动了IOC容器相关的启动

    3.1 Tomcat加载war

    要说Tomcat怎么加载war包就不得不从servlet3.0的特性说起:

    1.web应用启动,会创建当前Web应用导入jar包中的 ServletContainerInitializer类的实例

    2.ServletContainerInitializer 类必须放在jar包的 META-INF/services目录下,文件名称为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer

    3.文件的内容指向ServletContainerInitializer实现类的全路径
    4.ServletContainerInitializer实现类使用@HandlesTypes注解, 在我们应用启动的时候,加载注解指定的的类

    3.2 Spring中的ServletContainerInitializer

    Spring中实现ServletContainerInitializer的类是SpringServletContainerInitializer

    @HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)
    public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {
    	@Override
    	public void onStartup(@Nullable Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext) {
    		//创建保存需要加载的类的集合
    		List<WebApplicationInitializer> initializers = new LinkedList<>();
            
    		if (webAppInitializerClasses != null) {
    			for (Class<?> waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) {
                    //判断需要加载的类不是接口不是抽象类
    				if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) &&
    						WebApplicationInitializer.class.isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) {
    					try {
                            //通过反射创建实例并且加入到集合中
    						initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer)
    						ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(waiClass).newInstance());
    					}
    					catch (Throwable ex) {
    						//...
    					}
    				}
    			}
    		}
    
    		if (initializers.isEmpty()) {
    			return;
    		}
    		AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers);
            //循环调用集合中的感兴趣类对象的onstartup的方法
    		for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) {
    			initializer.onStartup(servletContext);
    		}
    	}
    }
    

    总结:HandlesTypes指定了WebApplicationInitializer类,并在onStartup方法中,创建这些需要加载的类的实例,并且循环调用他们的onStartup方法。

    3.2 工作过程

    1.Tomcat启动,war包应用的jar包里找ServletContainerInitializer 文件,然后找到spring-web-5.1.2.RELEASE.jar这个jar包里的META-INFservicesjavax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer 文件指向自己实现的SpringServletContainerInitializer并执行它

    2.将@HandlesTypes标注的类(WebApplicationInitializer)都传入到 onStartup()的方法中Set<Class<?>>参数中
    ,通过 ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(waiClass).newInstance());,为这些类创建实例

    3.调用WebApplicationInitializer的onStartup方法

    4.而Springboot启动类继承了SpringBootServletInitializer(实现了接口WebApplicationInitializer)

    5.而我们的启动类StudySpringbootApplication没有重写onStartup,调的SpringBootServletInitializer的onStartup

    6.而SpringBootServletInitializer的onStartup方法调了我们重写的configure方法,加载启动。

    4.1 实战调试细节

    @SpringBootApplication
    public class StudySpringbootApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
        @Override
        protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {
            return builder.sources(StudySpringbootApplication.class);
        }
    }
    

    可以把断点打到第六行里builder.sources,通过断点一看调用栈和代码,逻辑就全出来了:

    StudySpringbootApplication.configure <<==== 父类SpringBootServletInitializer(主类继继承的这个类).createRootApplicationContext

    父类SpringBootServletInitializer.createRootApplicationContext:

    	protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
    			ServletContext servletContext) {
            //创建spring应用的构建器
    		SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
    		builder.main(getClass());
            //设置环境
    		ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
    		if (parent != null) {
    			servletContext.setAttribute(
    					WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
    			builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
    		}
    		builder.initializers(
    				new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
    		builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext.class);
            //调用我们自己启动类上的confiure方法 传入我们自己的主启动类
    		builder = configure(builder);
    		builder.listeners(new WebEnvironmentPropertySourceInitializer(servletContext));
    		SpringApplication application = builder.build();
    		if (application.getAllSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
    				.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
    			application.addPrimarySources(Collections.singleton(getClass()));
    		}
    	
    		if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
    			application.addPrimarySources(
    					Collections.singleton(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class));
    		}
            //调用我们类上的run方法
    		return run(application);
    	}
    

    注意重点是 调用了自己的方法(传入主类)和 run方法
    run源码:

    	protected WebApplicationContext run(SpringApplication application) {
    		return (WebApplicationContext) application.run();
    	}
    

    继续打开run源码:

    	public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    		StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    		stopWatch.start();
    		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    		Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
    		configureHeadlessProperty();
    		SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    		listeners.starting();
    		try {
    			ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
    					args);
    			ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
    					applicationArguments);
    			configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
    			Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
    			context = createApplicationContext();
    			exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(
    					SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
    					new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
    			prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
    					printedBanner);
    			refreshContext(context);
    			afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
    			stopWatch.stop();
    			if (this.logStartupInfo) {
    				new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
    						.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
    			}
    			listeners.started(context);
    			callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
    		}
    		catch (Throwable ex) {
    			handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
    			throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    		}
    
    		try {
    			listeners.running(context);
    		}
    		catch (Throwable ex) {
    			handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
    			throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    		}
    		return context;
    	}
    

    是不是很熟悉,和jar启动的run IOC一样!所以最终还是殊途同归,还是走了application.run()方法,走了IOC容器启动Refresh!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chz-blogs/p/12595734.html
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