本文源码：GitHub·点这里 || GitEE·点这里
一、文档类型简介
1、Excel文档
Excel一款电子表格软件。直观的界面、出色的计算功能和图表工具，在系统开发中，经常用来把数据转存到Excel文件，或者Excel数据导入系统中，这就涉及数据转换问题。
2、PDF文档
PDF是可移植文档格式，是一种电子文件格式，具有许多其他电子文档格式无法相比的优点。PDF文件格式可以将文字、字型、格式、颜色及独立于设备和分辨率的图形图像等封装在一个文件中。该格式文件还可以包含超文本链接、声音和动态影像等电子信息，支持特长文件，集成度和安全可靠性都较高。
二、Excel文件管理
1、POI依赖
Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开源类库，POI提供API给Java程序对Microsoft Office格式档案读和写的功能。
<!-- Excel 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 2007及更高版本 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
2、文件读取
public static List<List<Object>> readExcel(String path) throws Exception {
File file = new File(path) ;
List<List<Object>> list = new LinkedList<>();
XSSFWorkbook xwb = new XSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(file));
// 读取 Sheet1 表格内容
XSSFSheet sheet = xwb.getSheetAt(0);
// 读取行数：不读取Excel表头
for (int i = (sheet.getFirstRowNum()+1); i <= (sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows()-1); i++) {
XSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
if (row == null) { continue; }
List<Object> linked = new LinkedList<>();
for (int j = row.getFirstCellNum(); j <= row.getLastCellNum(); j++) {
XSSFCell cell = row.getCell(j);
if (cell == null) { continue; }
Object value ;
// 这里需根据实际业务情况处理
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
//处理数值带{.0}问题
value = Double.valueOf(String.valueOf(cell)).longValue() ;
break;
default:
value = cell.toString();
}
linked.add(value);
}
if (linked.size()!= 0) {
list.add(linked);
}
}
return list;
}
3、文件创建
public static void createExcel(String excelName, String[] headList,List<List<Object>> dataList)
throws Exception {
// 创建 Excel 工作簿
XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
// 创建表头
XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
for (int i = 0; i < headList.length; i++) {
XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellType(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cell.setCellValue(headList[i]);
}
//添加数据
for (int line = 0; line < dataList.size(); line++) {
XSSFRow rowData = sheet.createRow(line+1);
List<Object> data = dataList.get(line);
for (int j = 0; j < headList.length; j++) {
XSSFCell cell = rowData.createCell(j);
cell.setCellType(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cell.setCellValue((data.get(j)).toString());
}
}
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(excelName);
workbook.write(fos);
fos.flush();
fos.close();
}
4、文件导出
public static void exportExcel(String[] headList, List<List<Object>> dataList,
OutputStream outputStream) throws Exception {
// 创建 Excel 工作簿
XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
// 创建表头
XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
for (int i = 0; i < headList.length; i++) {
XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellType(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cell.setCellValue(headList[i]);
}
//添加数据
for (int line = 0; line < dataList.size(); line++) {
XSSFRow rowData = sheet.createRow(line+1);
List<Object> data = dataList.get(line);
for (int j = 0; j < headList.length; j++) {
XSSFCell cell = rowData.createCell(j);
cell.setCellType(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cell.setCellValue((data.get(j)).toString());
}
}
workbook.write(outputStream);
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
}
5、文件导出接口
@RestController
public class ExcelWeb {
@RequestMapping("/web/outExcel")
public void outExcel (HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
String exportName = "2020-01-user-data" ;
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+
URLEncoder.encode(exportName, "UTF-8") + ".xlsx");
List<List<Object>> dataList = ExcelUtil.readExcel("F:\file-type\user-excel.xlsx") ;
String[] headList = new String[]{"用户ID", "用户名", "手机号"} ;
ExcelUtil.exportExcel(headList,dataList,response.getOutputStream()) ;
}
}
三、PDF文件管理
1、IText依赖
iText是一种生成PDF报表的Java组件。通过在服务器端使用页面或API封装生成PDF报表，客户端可以通过超链接直接显示或下载到本地，在系统开发中通常用来生成比较正式的报告或者合同类的电子文档。
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId>
<artifactId>itextpdf</artifactId>
<version>5.5.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itextpdf.tool</groupId>
<artifactId>xmlworker</artifactId>
<version>5.5.11</version>
</dependency>
2、API二次封装
首先对于Itext提供的API做一下表格、段落、图片等基础样式的二次封装，可以更好的适配业务。
public class PdfFontUtil {
private PdfFontUtil(){}
/**
* 段落样式获取
*/
public static Paragraph getParagraph (String content, Font font,Integer alignment){
Paragraph paragraph = new Paragraph(content,font) ;
if (alignment != null && alignment >= 0){
paragraph.setAlignment(alignment);
}
return paragraph ;
}
/**
* 图片样式
*/
public static Image getImage (String imgPath,float width,float height) throws Exception {
Image image = Image.getInstance(imgPath);
image.setAlignment(Image.MIDDLE);
if (width > 0 && height > 0){
image.scaleAbsolute(width, height);
}
return image ;
}
/**
* 表格生成
*/
public static PdfPTable getPdfPTable01 (int numColumns,float totalWidth) throws Exception {
// 表格处理
PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(numColumns);
// 设置表格宽度比例为%100
table.setWidthPercentage(100);
// 设置宽度:宽度平均
table.setTotalWidth(totalWidth);
// 锁住宽度
table.setLockedWidth(true);
// 设置表格上面空白宽度
table.setSpacingBefore(10f);
// 设置表格下面空白宽度
table.setSpacingAfter(10f);
// 设置表格默认为无边框
table.getDefaultCell().setBorder(0);
table.setPaddingTop(50);
table.setSplitLate(false);
return table ;
}
/**
* 表格内容
*/
public static PdfPCell getPdfPCell (Phrase phrase){
return new PdfPCell (phrase) ;
}
/**
* 表格内容带样式
*/
public static void addTableCell (PdfPTable dataTable,Font font,List<String> cellList){
for (String content:cellList) {
dataTable.addCell(getParagraph(content,font,-1));
}
}
}
3、生成PDF文件
这里基于上面的工具类，画一个PDF页面作为参考。
public class PdfPage01 {
// 基础配置
private static String PDF_SITE = "F:\file-type\PDF页面2020-01-15.pdf" ;
private static String FONT = "C:/Windows/Fonts/simhei.ttf";
private static String PAGE_TITLE = "PDF数据导出报告" ;
// 基础样式
private static Font TITLE_FONT = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H,20, Font.BOLD);
private static Font NODE_FONT = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H,15, Font.BOLD);
private static Font BLOCK_FONT = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H,13, Font.BOLD, BaseColor.BLACK);
private static Font INFO_FONT = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H,12, Font.NORMAL,BaseColor.BLACK);
private static Font CONTENT_FONT = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);
private static void createPdfPage () throws Exception {
// 创建文档
Document document = new Document();
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(PDF_SITE));
document.open();
// 报告标题
document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph(PAGE_TITLE,TITLE_FONT,1)) ;
document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph("
商户名称：XXX科技有限公司",INFO_FONT,-1)) ;
document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph("
生成时间：2020-01-15
",INFO_FONT,-1)) ;
// 报告内容
// 段落标题 + 报表图
document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph("城市数据分布统计",NODE_FONT,-1)) ;
document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph("
· 可视化图表
",BLOCK_FONT,-1)) ;
// 设置图片宽高
float documentWidth = document.getPageSize().getWidth() - document.leftMargin() - document.rightMargin();
float documentHeight = documentWidth / 580 * 320;
document.add(PdfFontUtil.getImage("F:\file-type\myChart.jpg",documentWidth-80,documentHeight-80)) ;
// 数据表格
document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph("
· 数据详情
",BLOCK_FONT,-1)) ;
PdfPTable dataTable = PdfFontUtil.getPdfPTable01(4,400) ;
// 设置表格
List<String> tableHeadList = tableHead () ;
List<List<String>> tableDataList = getTableData () ;
PdfFontUtil.addTableCell(dataTable,CONTENT_FONT,tableHeadList);
for (List<String> tableData : tableDataList) {
PdfFontUtil.addTableCell(dataTable,CONTENT_FONT,tableData);
}
document.add(dataTable);
document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph("
· 报表描述
",BLOCK_FONT,-1)) ;
document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph("数据报告可以监控每天的推广情况，" +
"可以针对不同的数据表现进行分析，以提升推广效果。",CONTENT_FONT,-1)) ;
document.newPage() ;
document.close();
writer.close();
}
private static List<List<String>> getTableData (){
List<List<String>> tableDataList = new ArrayList<>() ;
for (int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++){
List<String> tableData = new ArrayList<>() ;
tableData.add("浙江"+i) ;
tableData.add("杭州"+i) ;
tableData.add("276"+i) ;
tableData.add("33.3%") ;
tableDataList.add(tableData) ;
}
return tableDataList ;
}
private static List<String> tableHead (){
List<String> tableHeadList = new ArrayList<>() ;
tableHeadList.add("省份") ;
tableHeadList.add("城市") ;
tableHeadList.add("数量") ;
tableHeadList.add("百分比") ;
return tableHeadList ;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
createPdfPage () ;
}
}
4、页面效果
四、网页转PDF
1、页面Jar包依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、编写页面样式
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Title</title>
<style>
body{font-family:SimSun;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
项目信息：<br/>
名称：${name}<br/>
作者：${author}<br/><br/>
<img
src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1691717/201906/1691717-20190603213911854-1098366582.jpg"/>
<br/>
</body>
</html>
3、核心配置类
public class PageConfig {
private static final String DEST = "F:\file-type\HTML页面2020-01-15.pdf";
private static final String HTML = "/pdf_page_one.html";
private static final String FONT = "C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc";
private static Configuration freemarkerCfg = null ;
static {
freemarkerCfg = new Configuration(Configuration.DEFAULT_INCOMPATIBLE_IMPROVEMENTS);
//freemarker的模板目录
try {
String path = "TODO:模板路径{自定义}" ;
freemarkerCfg.setDirectoryForTemplateLoading(new File(path));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 创建文档
*/
private static void createPdf(String content,String dest) throws Exception {
Document document = new Document();
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(dest));
document.open();
XMLWorkerFontProvider fontImp = new XMLWorkerFontProvider(XMLWorkerFontProvider.DONTLOOKFORFONTS);
fontImp.register(FONT);
XMLWorkerHelper.getInstance().parseXHtml(writer, document,
new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()), null, Charset.forName("UTF-8"), fontImp);
document.close();
}
/**
* 页面渲染
*/
private static String freeMarkerRender(Map<String, Object> data, String htmlTmp) throws Exception {
Writer out = new StringWriter();
Template template = freemarkerCfg.getTemplate(htmlTmp,"UTF-8");
template.process(data, out);
out.flush();
out.close();
return out.toString();
}
/**
* 方法入口
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Map<String,Object> data = new HashMap<> ();
data.put("name","smile");
data.put("author","知了") ;
String content = PageConfig.freeMarkerRender(data,HTML);
PageConfig.createPdf(content,DEST);
}
}
4、转换效果图
五、源代码地址
文中涉及文件类型，在该章节源码ware18-file-parent/case-file-type目录下。
GitHub·地址
https://github.com/cicadasmile/middle-ware-parent
GitEE·地址
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/middle-ware-parent
推荐往期阅读：