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MySQl Study学习之--MySQl二进制日志管理

MySQl Study学习之--MySQl二进制日志管理

MySQL二进制日志（Binary Log）

a、它包括的内容及作用例如以下：
包括了全部更新了数据或者已经潜在更新了数据(比方没有匹配不论什么行的一个DELETE)
包括关于每一个更新数据库(DML)的语句的运行时间信息
不包括没有改动不论什么数据的语句，假设须要启用该选项，须要开启通用日志功能
主要目的是尽可能的将数据库恢复到数据库故障点，由于二进制日志包括备份后进行的全部更新
用于在主复制server上记录全部将发送给从server的语句
启用该选项数据库性能减少1%。但保障数据库完整性，对于关键数据库值得以性能换完整。有些类似于Oracle开启归档模式。

b、开启二进制日志的方法及属性
使用--log-bin[=file_name]选项或在配置文件里指定log-bin启动时，mysqld写入包括全部更新数据的SQL命令的日志文件。
对于未给出file_name值。默认名为-bin后面所跟的主机名。

在未指定绝对路径的情形下，缺省位置保存在数据文件夹下。
每一个二进制日志名会加入一个数字扩展名用于日志老化，因此不支持自己定义的扩展名。会被mysql数字扩展名动态替换。
若当前的日志大小达到max_binlog_size。则自己主动创建新的二进制日志。
对于大的事务，二进制日志会超过max_binlog_size设定的值。也即是事务只写入一个二进制日志。
由是可知，二进制日志文件大小接近，其size不是全然相等。这点不同于oracle。
二进制日志文件会有一个相应二进制日志索引文件，该文件包括全部的二进制日志，其文件名称与二进制日志同样，扩展名为.index
二进制索引文件通过--log-bin-index[=file_name]选项来指定
RESETMASTER语句将删除全部二进制日志文件。这将影响到从库。也能够用PURGE MASTER LOGS仅仅删除部分二进制文件。

二进制日志记录了全部对数据库运行更改的操作，二进制主要有下面两种作用：

1、恢复（recovery）2、复制（replication）

二进制日志的启动：配置參数log-bin[=name]，假设不指定name。则默认二进制日志文件名称为主机名，后缀名为二级制日志的序列号。所在路径为数据库所在文件夹。

以index为后缀的文件为二进制日志的索引文件，用来存储过程生产的二进制日志。

和二进制日志相关的參数：

max_binlog_size、binlog_cache_size、sync_binlog、binlog-do-db、binlog-ignore-db、log-slave-update、binlog_format

1、max_binlog_size，该參数指定了单个二进制日志文件的最大值，假设超过该值。则产生新的二进制日志文件，后缀名+1。并记录到.index文件，从Mysql5.0開始的默认值为1073741824。代表1G。

Mysql5.5的默认值

mysql> show variables like '%max_binlog%';
+----------------------------+----------------------+
| Variable_name              | Value                |
+----------------------------+----------------------+
| max_binlog_cache_size      | 18446744073709547520 |
| max_binlog_size            | 1073741824           |
| max_binlog_stmt_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 |
+----------------------------+----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当使用事务的存储引擎InnoDB时。全部未提交的事务会记录到一个缓存中，等待事务提交时，直接将缓冲中的二进制日志写入二进制日志文件，而该缓冲的大小由binlog_cache_size决定，默认大小为32KB，此外，binlog_cache_size是基于session的。也就是。当一个线程開始一个事务时。mysql会自己主动分配一个大小为binlog_cache_size的缓存，因此该值得设置须要相当小心，能够通过show global status 查看binlog_cache_use、binlog_cache_disk_use的状态。能够推断当前binlog_cache_size的设置是否合适。

2、Binlog_cache_size的默认大小为32KB

mysql> show variables like 'binlog_cache%';
+-------------------+-------+
| Variable_name     | Value |
+-------------------+-------+
| binlog_cache_size | 32768 |
+-------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3、參数sync_binlog=[N]表示每写缓存多少次就同步到磁盘，假设将N设置为1，则表示採用同步写磁盘的方式来写二进制日志。该參数非常重要，这个以后还会提到。值得注意的是，在将该參数设置为1时，也应该将innodb_support_xa设为1来解决。这能够确保二进制日志和InnoDB存储引擎数据文件的同步。

4、參数binlog-do-db和binlog-ignore-db表示须要写入或者忽略写入哪些库的日志，默认值为空，则表示将全部库的日志同步到二进制日志。

5、Log-slave-update该參数在搭建master=>slave=>slave的架构时，须要配置。

6、Binlog_format參数也特别重要。

从mysql5.1版本号開始引入这个參数。该參数能够设置的值有STATEMENT、ROW、MIXED；

（1）STATEMENT格式和之前的mysql版本号一样，二进制日志文件记录的是日志的逻辑SQL语句。

（2）在ROW格式下，二进制日志记录的不再是简单的SQL语句了。而是记录表的行更改情况，此时能够将InnoDB的事务隔离基本设为READ COMMITTED，以获得更好的并发性。

（3）MIXED格式下。mysql默认採用的STATEMENT格式进行二进制日志文件的记录，可是在一些情况下会使用ROW格式。可能的情况包含：

1）表的存储引擎为NDB。这时对于表的DML操作都会以ROW格式记录

2）使用了UUID()、USER()、CURRENT_USER()、FOUND_ROWS()、ROW_COUNT()等不确定函数

3）使用了INSERT DELAY语句

4）使用了用户定义函数

5）使用了暂时表

案例分析：

1、二进制日志存放位置

[root@mysrv ~]# more /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql

mysql> show variables like '%datadir%';
+---------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------------------------+
| datadir | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ |
+---------------+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看日志信息：

[root@mysrv ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/
[root@mysrv mysql]# ls -l
total 29928
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       56 Jun 30 17:12 auto.cnf
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Jul  8 15:17 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Jul  8 15:17 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Jun 30 17:12 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      124 Jul  8 15:17 master.info
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    63438 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  1096670 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      252 Jun 30 17:26 mysql-bin.000004
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:40 mysql-bin.000005
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      133 Jun 30 17:51 mysql-bin.000006
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:56 mysql-bin.000007
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:17 mysql-bin.000008
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:18 mysql-bin.000009
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:20 mysql-bin.000010
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:20 mysql-bin.000011
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      209 Jul  8 15:20 mysql-bin.index
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    24920 Jul  8 15:21 mysrv.err
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql        5 Jul  8 15:17 mysrv.pid
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:18 mysrv-relay-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000004
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000005
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       75 Jul  8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.index
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 performance_schema
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 18:15 prod
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       58 Jul  8 15:20 relay-log.info
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 test

<strong>mysrv-relay-bin.index。为记录日志文件的index文件</strong>

[root@mysrv mysql]# cat mysql-bin.index
./mysql-bin.000001
./mysql-bin.000002
./mysql-bin.000003
./mysql-bin.000004
./mysql-bin.000005
./mysql-bin.000006
./mysql-bin.000007
./mysql-bin.000008
./mysql-bin.000009
./mysql-bin.000010
./mysql-bin.000011
./mysql-bin.000012
./mysql-bin.000013
./mysql-bin.000014

2、二进制日志文件的切换

运行flush logs产生新的二进制日志：
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000011 | 114 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

[root@mysrv mysql]# ls -l
total 29936
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       56 Jun 30 17:12 auto.cnf
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Jul  8 15:17 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Jul  8 15:17 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Jun 30 17:12 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      124 Jul  8 15:17 master.info
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    63438 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  1096670 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      252 Jun 30 17:26 mysql-bin.000004
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:40 mysql-bin.000005
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      133 Jun 30 17:51 mysql-bin.000006
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:56 mysql-bin.000007
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:17 mysql-bin.000008
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:18 mysql-bin.000009
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:20 mysql-bin.000010
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:24 mysql-bin.000011
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:24 mysql-bin.000012
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      228 Jul  8 15:24 mysql-bin.index
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    25322 Jul  8 15:24 mysrv.err
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql        5 Jul  8 15:17 mysrv.pid
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:18 mysrv-relay-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000004
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.000005
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.000006
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      100 Jul  8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.index
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 performance_schema
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 18:15 prod
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       58 Jul  8 15:24 relay-log.info
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 test

採用mysqladmin切换：

[root@mysrv ~]# mysqladmin flush-logs -u root -p
Enter password:

[root@mysrv mysql]# ls -l
total 29944
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       56 Jun 30 17:12 auto.cnf
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Jul  8 15:17 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Jul  8 15:17 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Jun 30 17:12 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      124 Jul  8 15:17 master.info
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    63438 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  1096670 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      252 Jun 30 17:26 mysql-bin.000004
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:40 mysql-bin.000005
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      133 Jun 30 17:51 mysql-bin.000006
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:56 mysql-bin.000007
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:17 mysql-bin.000008
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:18 mysql-bin.000009
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:20 mysql-bin.000010
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:24 mysql-bin.000011
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:34 mysql-bin.000012
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:34 mysql-bin.000013
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      247 Jul  8 15:34 mysql-bin.index
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    26536 Jul  8 15:34 mysrv.err
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql        5 Jul  8 15:17 mysrv.pid
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:18 mysrv-relay-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000004
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.000005
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.000006
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.000007
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      125 Jul  8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.index
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 performance_schema
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 18:15 prod
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       58 Jul  8 15:34 relay-log.info
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 test

[root@mysrv ~]# mysqladmin refresh -u root -p
Enter password:

[root@mysrv mysql]# ls -l
total 29952
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       56 Jun 30 17:12 auto.cnf
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Jul  8 15:17 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Jul  8 15:17 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Jun 30 17:12 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      124 Jul  8 15:17 master.info
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    63438 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  1096670 Jun 30 17:15 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      252 Jun 30 17:26 mysql-bin.000004
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:40 mysql-bin.000005
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      133 Jun 30 17:51 mysql-bin.000006
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jun 30 17:56 mysql-bin.000007
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:17 mysql-bin.000008
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:18 mysql-bin.000009
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:20 mysql-bin.000010
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:24 mysql-bin.000011
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:34 mysql-bin.000012
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      157 Jul  8 15:36 mysql-bin.000013
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:36 mysql-bin.000014
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      266 Jul  8 15:36 mysql-bin.index
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    26671 Jul  8 15:35 mysrv.err
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql        5 Jul  8 15:17 mysrv.pid
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:18 mysrv-relay-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:20 mysrv-relay-bin.000004
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:24 mysrv-relay-bin.000005
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:34 mysrv-relay-bin.000006
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      163 Jul  8 15:36 mysrv-relay-bin.000007
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      114 Jul  8 15:36 mysrv-relay-bin.000008
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      150 Jul  8 15:36 mysrv-relay-bin.index
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 performance_schema
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 18:15 prod
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       58 Jul  8 15:36 relay-log.info
drwx--S--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Jun 30 17:15 test

3、查看和日志相关的參数：

mysql> show variables like '%log%';
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name                           | Value                                       |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| back_log                                | 50                                          |
| binlog_cache_size                       | 32768                                       |
| binlog_checksum                         | NONE                                        |
| binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF                                         |
| binlog_format                           | MIXED                                       |
| binlog_row_image                        | FULL                                        |
| binlog_rows_query_log_events            | OFF                                         |
| binlog_stmt_cache_size                  | 32768                                       |
| expire_logs_days                        | 0                                           |
| general_log                             | OFF                                         |
| general_log_file                        | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysrv.log       |
| innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit          | 1                                           |
| innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog          | OFF                                         |
| innodb_log_buffer_size                  | 8388608                                     |
| innodb_log_file_size                    | 5242880                                     |
| innodb_log_files_in_group               | 2                                           |
| innodb_log_group_home_dir               | ./                                          |
| innodb_mirrored_log_groups              | 1                                           |
| innodb_undo_logs                        | 128                                         |
| log_bin                                 | ON   <span style="color:#ff0000;">  ；是否开启二进制日志 </span>                                    |
| log_bin_basename                        | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysql-bin       |
| log_bin_index                           | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysql-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators         | OFF                                         |
| log_error                               | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysrv.err       |
| log_output                              | FILE                                        |
| log_queries_not_using_indexes           | OFF                                         |
| log_slave_updates                       | OFF                                         |
| log_warnings                            | 1                                           |
| max_binlog_cache_size                   | 18446744073709547520                        |
| max_binlog_size                         | 1073741824                                  |
| max_binlog_stmt_cache_size              | 18446744073709547520                        |
| max_relay_log_size                      | 0                                           |
| relay_log                               |                                             |
| relay_log_basename                      |                                             |
| relay_log_index                         |                                             |
| relay_log_info_file                     | relay-log.info                              |
| relay_log_info_repository               | FILE                                        |
| relay_log_purge                         | ON                                          |
| relay_log_recovery                      | OFF                                         |
| relay_log_space_limit                   | 0                                           |
| slow_query_log                          | OFF                                         |
| slow_query_log_file                     | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysrv-slow.log  |
| sql_log_bin                             | ON                                          |
| sql_log_off                             | OFF                                         |
| sync_binlog                             | 0                                           |
| sync_relay_log                          | 0                                           |
| sync_relay_log_info                     | 0                                           |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
47 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql 二进制日志应用案例：

事务操作生成二进制日志：

mysql> use prod;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_prod |
+----------------+
| t1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | tom |
| 2 | scott |
| 3 | jerry |
+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values (4,'rose');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看生成的二进制日志内容：

[root@mysrv mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000014
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#150708 15:36:17 server id 2 end_log_pos 114 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.4-m7-log created 150708 15:36:17
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
BINLOG '
8dKcVQ8CAAAAbgAAAHIAAAABAAQANS42LjQtbTctbG9nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAVgAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAAANxYJ/w=
'/*!*/;
# at 114
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 189 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=5/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 189
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 291 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use prod/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
insert into t1 values (4,'rose')
/*!*/;
# at 291
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 318 Xid = 23
COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;

mysql> insert into t1 values (5,'john');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@mysrv mysql]# strings mysql-bin.000014
5.6.4-m7-log
prod
prod
BEGIN
prod
prod
insert into t1 values (4,'rose')
prod
prod
BEGINw
prod
prod
insert into t1 values (5,'john')w

[root@mysrv mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000014
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#150708 15:36:17 server id 2 end_log_pos 114 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.4-m7-log created 150708 15:36:17
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
BINLOG '
8dKcVQ8CAAAAbgAAAHIAAAABAAQANS42LjQtbTctbG9nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAVgAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAAANxYJ/w=
'/*!*/;
# at 114
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 189 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=5/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 189
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 291 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use prod/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
insert into t1 values (4,'rose')
/*!*/;
# at 291
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 318 Xid = 23
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 318
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 393 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341367/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 393
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 495 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341367/*!*/;
insert into t1 values (5,'john')
/*!*/;
# at 495
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 522 Xid = 25
COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
[root@mysrv mysql]#

查看生成的二进制日志：
mysql> show binary logs;

+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |       114 |
| mysql-bin.000002 |     63438 |
| mysql-bin.000003 |   1096670 |
| mysql-bin.000004 |       252 |
| mysql-bin.000005 |       114 |
| mysql-bin.000006 |       133 |
| mysql-bin.000007 |       114 |
| mysql-bin.000008 |       114 |
| mysql-bin.000009 |       157 |
| mysql-bin.000010 |       157 |
| mysql-bin.000011 |       157 |
| mysql-bin.000012 |       157 |
| mysql-bin.000013 |       157 |
| mysql-bin.000014 |       522 |
+------------------+-----------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看日志记录的事件：

mysql> show binlog events;
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Log_name         | Pos | Event_type  | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                    |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |   4 | Format_desc |         1 |         114 | Server ver: 5.6.4-m7-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)


mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000014';
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Log_name         | Pos | Event_type  | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                         |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000014 |   4 | Format_desc |         2 |         114 | Server ver: 5.6.4-m7-log, Binlog ver: 4      |
| mysql-bin.000014 | 114 | Query       |         2 |         189 | BEGIN                                        |
| mysql-bin.000014 | 189 | Query       |         2 |         291 | use `prod`; insert into t1 values (4,'rose') |
| mysql-bin.000014 | 291 | Xid         |         2 |         318 | COMMIT /* xid=23 */                          |
| mysql-bin.000014 | 318 | Query       |         2 |         393 | BEGIN                                        |
| mysql-bin.000014 | 393 | Query       |         2 |         495 | use `prod`; insert into t1 values (5,'john') |
| mysql-bin.000014 | 495 | Xid         |         2 |         522 | COMMIT /* xid=25 */                          |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

数据恢复案例：

1、模拟数据环境

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | tom |
| 2 | scott |
| 3 | jerry |
| 4 | rose |
| 5 | john |
+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除数据：
mysql> delete from t1;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

利用日志恢复。将日志生成文本文件进行分析：
[root@mysrv mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000014 >/home/mysql/log14.txt

[root@mysrv mysql]# cat log14.txt
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#150708 15:36:17 server id 2 end_log_pos 114 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.4-m7-log created 150708 15:36:17
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
BINLOG '
8dKcVQ8CAAAAbgAAAHIAAAABAAQANS42LjQtbTctbG9nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAVgAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAAANxYJ/w=
'/*!*/;
# at 114
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 189 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=5/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 189
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 291 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use prod/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341184/*!*/;
insert into t1 values (4,'rose')
/*!*/;
# at 291
#150708 15:39:44 server id 2 end_log_pos 318 Xid = 23
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 318
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 393 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341367/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 393
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 495 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436341367/*!*/;
insert into t1 values (5,'john')
/*!*/;
# at 495
#150708 15:42:47 server id 2 end_log_pos 522 Xid = 25
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 522
#150708 15:56:57 server id 2 end_log_pos 597 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436342217/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 597 ；。日志记录的操作事件的编号，假设要恢复前面的数据，须要在delete前停止
#150708 15:56:57 server id 2 end_log_pos 681 Query thread_id=5 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1436342217/*!*/;
delete from t1
/*!*/;
# at 681
#150708 15:56:57 server id 2 end_log_pos 708 Xid = 31
COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
[root@mysrv mysql]#

利用二进制日志恢复：
[root@mysrv mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000014 --stop-pos=597 |mysql -u root -p
Enter password:

---在delete操作前停止日志的应用

查看已恢复的数据：

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 4 | rose |
| 5 | john |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

---前面三行数据因为从master同步而来，在slave日志中没有记载。此次不再做恢复操作

---数据恢复成功！

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/claireyuancy/p/6918267.html