一步一步教你Asp.net使用mysql数据库

 

近日，在项目中遇到了麻烦，客户非要求使用mysql数据库，对于我从来么有使用过的人来说，很是头疼，最后还是硬着头皮弄好了。期间也遇到了各种各样的问题，现在把他整理在此，希望对那些和我一样从来没有使用过的人，能快速入手。

1. 首先需要安装mysql，

   天空下载地址： http://www.skycn.com/soft/1262.html 或者去mysql.com官网都可以,一路next，安装好后，有个简单配置,提示有个设置登录密码和服务名称，

   默认localhost，用户名root，密码自己设置。

2. 安装了mysql数据库后，需要一个管理工具，就像sqlserver的SQL Server Management Studio一样，推荐使用Navicat for MySQL，

    下载地址：http://www.xiazaiba.com/html/2122.html，安装后，打开界面如下图

确定后，右键新建的连接名字，就可以建数据库，建表了。字段类型和sqlserver基本一致。

3. Asp.net连接mysql 不推荐使用ODBC,推荐是用mysql官网提供的组件动)MySQL.Data.Dll，官网地址，

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/net/5.1.html；可能需要简单的注册下用户，看好版本，如果嫌弃麻烦可以直接下载一个相应版本的MySQL.Data.Dll ，放入bin下，增加引用即可

4. 我自己写的一个简单MysqlHelper.cs类，操作和sqlserver 很相似。有了这个类，你就知道怎么用了，很简单

  代码如下

  

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace LOAF.DAL
{
    public class MysqlHelper
    {
        //数据库连接字符串(web.config来配置)，可以动态更改connectionString支持多数据库.        
       // public static string connectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnDB"].ConnectionString;
        public static string connectionString = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MySQL"];
        //public string m = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MySQL"];


        public MysqlHelper() { }

        #region ExecuteNonQuery

        //执行SQL语句，返回影响的记录数
        /// <summary>
        /// 执行SQL语句，返回影响的记录数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SQLString">SQL语句</param>
        /// <returns>影响的记录数</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string SQLString)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                using (MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(SQLString, connection))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        connection.Open();
                        int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        return rows;
                    }
                    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
                    {
                        connection.Close();
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行SQL语句，返回影响的记录数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SQLString">SQL语句</param>
        /// <returns>影响的记录数</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string SQLString, params MySqlParameter[] cmdParms)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                using (MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand())
                {
                    try
                    {
                        PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms);
                        int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                        return rows;
                    }
                    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
                    {
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }


        //执行多条SQL语句，实现数据库事务。
        /// <summary>
        /// 执行多条SQL语句，实现数据库事务。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SQLStringList">多条SQL语句</param>    
        public static bool ExecuteNoQueryTran(List<String> SQLStringList)
        {                 
            using (MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                conn.Open();
                MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
                cmd.Connection = conn;
                MySqlTransaction tx = conn.BeginTransaction();
                cmd.Transaction = tx;
                try
                {                              
                    for (int n = 0; n < SQLStringList.Count; n++)
                    {
                        string strsql = SQLStringList[n];
                        if (strsql.Trim().Length > 1)
                        {                           
                            cmd.CommandText = strsql;
                            PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, tx, strsql, null);
                            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        }
                    }
                    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    tx.Commit();                   
                    return true;
                }
                catch
                {
                    tx.Rollback();
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region ExecuteScalar

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行一条计算查询结果语句，返回查询结果（object）。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SQLString">计算查询结果语句</param>
        /// <returns>查询结果（object）</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string SQLString)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                using (MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(SQLString, connection))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        connection.Open();
                        object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                        if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value)))
                        {
                            return null;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            return obj;
                        }
                    }
                    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
                    {
                        connection.Close();
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行一条计算查询结果语句，返回查询结果（object）。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SQLString">计算查询结果语句</param>
        /// <returns>查询结果（object）</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string SQLString, params MySqlParameter[] cmdParms)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                using (MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand())
                {
                    try
                    {
                        PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms);
                        object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                        cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                        if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value)))
                        {
                            return null;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            return obj;
                        }
                    }
                    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
                    {
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region ExecuteReader

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行查询语句，返回MySqlDataReader ( 注意：调用该方法后，一定要对MySqlDataReader进行Close )
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strSQL">查询语句</param>
        /// <returns>MySqlDataReader</returns>
        public static MySqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string strSQL)
        {
            MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString);
            MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(strSQL, connection);
            try
            {
                connection.Open();
                MySqlDataReader myReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                return myReader;
            }
            catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
            {
                throw e;
            }

        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 执行查询语句，返回MySqlDataReader ( 注意：调用该方法后，一定要对MySqlDataReader进行Close )
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strSQL">查询语句</param>
        /// <returns>MySqlDataReader</returns>
        public static MySqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string SQLString, params MySqlParameter[] cmdParms)
        {
            MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString);
            MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
            try
            {
                PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms);
                MySqlDataReader myReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                return myReader;
            }
            catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
            {
                throw e;
            }
            //            finally
            //            {
            //                cmd.Dispose();
            //                connection.Close();
            //            }    

        }

        #endregion

        #region ExecuteDataTable

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行查询语句，返回DataTable
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SQLString">查询语句</param>
        /// <returns>DataTable</returns>
        public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string SQLString)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                try
                {
                    connection.Open();
                    MySqlDataAdapter command = new MySqlDataAdapter(SQLString, connection);
                    command.Fill(ds, "ds");
                }
                catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
                {
                    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
                return ds.Tables[0];
            }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 执行查询语句，返回DataSet
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SQLString">查询语句</param>
        /// <returns>DataTable</returns>
        public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string SQLString, params MySqlParameter[] cmdParms)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
                PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, SQLString, cmdParms);
                using (MySqlDataAdapter da = new MySqlDataAdapter(cmd))
                {
                    DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                    try
                    {
                        da.Fill(ds, "ds");
                        cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                    }
                    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
                    {
                        throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                    }
                    return ds.Tables[0];
                }
            }
        }

        //获取起始页码和结束页码
        public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string cmdText, int startResord, int maxRecord)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {  
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                try
                {
                    connection.Open();
                    MySqlDataAdapter command = new MySqlDataAdapter(cmdText, connection);
                    command.Fill(ds, startResord, maxRecord, "ds");
                }
                catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
                {
                    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
                return ds.Tables[0];
            }
        }
        
        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取分页数据 在不用存储过程情况下
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="recordCount">总记录条数</param>
        /// <param name="selectList">选择的列逗号隔开,支持top num</param>
        /// <param name="tableName">表名字</param>
        /// <param name="whereStr">条件字符 必须前加 and</param>
        /// <param name="orderExpression">排序 例如 ID</param>
        /// <param name="pageIdex">当前索引页</param>
        /// <param name="pageSize">每页记录数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static DataTable getPager(out int recordCount, string selectList, string tableName, string whereStr, string orderExpression, int pageIdex, int pageSize)
        {
            int rows = 0;
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();
            MatchCollection matchs = Regex.Matches(selectList, @"top\s+\d{1,}", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);//含有top            
            string sqlStr = sqlStr = string.Format("select {0} from {1} where 1=1 {2}", selectList, tableName, whereStr);
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(orderExpression)) { sqlStr += string.Format(" Order by {0}", orderExpression); }
            if (matchs.Count > 0) //含有top的时候
            {
                DataTable dtTemp = ExecuteDataTable(sqlStr);
                rows = dtTemp.Rows.Count;
            }
            else //不含有top的时候
            {
                string sqlCount = string.Format("select count(*) from {0} where 1=1 {1} ", tableName, whereStr);
                //获取行数                
                object obj = ExecuteScalar(sqlCount);
                if (obj != null)
                {
                    rows = Convert.ToInt32(obj);
                }
            }
            dt = ExecuteDataTable(sqlStr, (pageIdex-1)*pageSize, pageSize);
            recordCount = rows;
            return dt;
        }

        #region 创建command
        private static void PrepareCommand(MySqlCommand cmd, MySqlConnection conn, MySqlTransaction trans, string cmdText, MySqlParameter[] cmdParms)
        {
            if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)
                conn.Open();
            cmd.Connection = conn;
            cmd.CommandText = cmdText;
            if (trans != null)
                cmd.Transaction = trans;
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;//cmdType;
            if (cmdParms != null)
            {
                foreach (MySqlParameter parameter in cmdParms)
                {
                    if ((parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput || parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) &&
                        (parameter.Value == null))
                    {
                        parameter.Value = DBNull.Value;
                    }
                    cmd.Parameters.Add(parameter);
                }
            }
        }

        #endregion

    }
}

 

5. 需要注意的地方有如下几点

            1）在sqlserver中参数化sql语句是用“@”符号，在mysql里面需要是用？号，切记，切记. 

            2 ）还有就是sqlserver中删除表可以这样写delete news where ID=12，但是在mysql里面 是delete from news where ID=12，收了from报错

            3 ）我在使用过程中遇到了中文乱码，网上大部分解决办法是把表的设置成utf-8字符集。以及 C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1路径下my.ini 打开找到两处

                 default-character-set 都设置成=utf8，但是我的还是乱码，最后

6.以上是我的个人总结，有可能很肤浅，不要见笑，有问题共同解决，谢谢~