近期复习数据结构中的二叉树的相关问题,在这里整理一下
这里包含:
1、二叉树的先序创建
2、二叉树的递归先序遍历
3、二叉树的非递归先序遍历
4、二叉树的递归中序遍历
5、二叉树的非递归中序遍历
6、二叉树的递归后序遍历
7、二叉树的非递归后序遍历
8、二叉树的层次遍历
这里感谢博客http://blog.csdn.net/skylinesky/article/details/6611442的指导
/**二叉树的结点定义*/ class Node<T>{ private T value; private Node<T> left; private Node<T> right; public Node(){ } public Node(Node<T> left, Node<T> right, T value){ this.left = left; this.right = right; this.value = value; } public Node(T value){ this(null, null, value); } public Node<T> getLeft(){ return this.left; } public void setLeft(Node<T> left){ this.left = left; } public Node<T> getRight(){ return this.right; } public void setRight(Node<T> right){ this.right = right; } public T getValue(){ return this.value; } public void setValue(T value){ this.value = value; } }
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Scanner; /** * 二叉树的定义:或为空,或仅仅有根节点,或有左子树和右子树(5种基本形态) * 二叉树性质: * 1、在二叉树的第i层上至多有2^(i-1)个结点(i>=1) * 2、深度为k的二叉树至多有2^(k) - 1个结点(k>=1) * 3、对于不论什么一颗二叉树,假设其终端结点数为n,度数为2的结点数为m。则n = m + 1 * 4、具有n个结点的全然二叉树的深度为k = floor(log2(n)) + 1 * 5、在含有n个结点的二叉链表中有n+1个空链域 * * @author 小菜鸟 *创建时间:2014-08-10 */ public class BinaryTree<T> { /**二叉树的根节点*/ private Node<T> root; public BinaryTree(){} public BinaryTree(Node<T> root){ this.root = root; } /**先序遍历创建二叉树*/ /**input.txt: - + a # # * # # / e # # f # # * # 代表空结点 */ public void createBiTree(){ Scanner scn = null; try { scn = new Scanner(new File("input.txt")); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } this.root = createBiTree(root, scn); } private Node<T> createBiTree(Node<T> node, Scanner scn) { String temp = scn.next(); if(temp.trim().equals("#")){ return null; } else{ node = new Node<T>((T)temp); node.setLeft(createBiTree(node.getLeft(), scn)); node.setRight(createBiTree(node.getRight(), scn)); return node; } } /**先序递归遍历二叉树*/ public void preOrderTraverse(){ preOrderTraverse(root); } private void preOrderTraverse(Node<T> node) { if(node != null){ System.out.println(node.getValue()); preOrderTraverse(node.getLeft()); preOrderTraverse(node.getRight()); } } /**先序非递归遍历二叉树*/ public void nrPreOrderTraverse(){ Stack<Node<T>> stack = new Stack<Node<T>>(); Node<T> node = root; while(node != null || !stack.isEmpty()){ while(node != null){ System.out.println(node.getValue()); stack.push(node); node = node.getLeft(); } node = stack.pop(); node = node.getRight(); } } /**中序递归遍历二叉树*/ public void inOrderTraverse(){ inOrderTraverse(root); } private void inOrderTraverse(Node<T> node) { if(node != null){ inOrderTraverse(node.getLeft()); System.out.println(node.getValue()); inOrderTraverse(node.getRight()); } } /**中序非递归遍历二叉树*/ public void nrInOrderTraverse(){ Stack<Node<T>> stack = new Stack<Node<T>>(); Node<T> node = root; while(node != null || !stack.isEmpty()){ while(node != null){ stack.push(node); node = node.getLeft(); } node = stack.pop(); System.out.println(node.getValue()); node = node.getRight(); } } /**后序递归遍历二叉树*/ public void postOrderTraverse(){ postOrderTraverse(root); } private void postOrderTraverse(Node<T> node) { if(node != null){ postOrderTraverse(node.getLeft()); postOrderTraverse(node.getRight()); System.out.println(node.getValue()); } } /**后序非递归遍历二叉树*/ public void nrPostOrderTraverse(){ Stack<Node<T>> stack = new Stack<Node<T>>(); Node<T> node = root; Node<T> preNode = null; //记录之前遍历的右结点 while(node != null || !stack.isEmpty()){ while(node != null){ stack.push(node); node = node.getLeft(); } node = stack.getTop(); /**假设右结点为空,或者右结点之前遍历过。打印根结点*/ if(node.getRight() == null || node.getRight() == preNode){ System.out.println(node.getValue()); node = stack.pop(); preNode = node; node = null; } else{ node = node.getRight(); } } } /**层次遍历二叉树*/ public void levelTraverse(){ levelTraverse(root); } private void levelTraverse(Node<T> node) { Queue<Node<T>> queue = new Queue<Node<T>>(); queue.push(node); while(!queue.isEmpty()){ node = queue.pop(); if(node != null){ System.out.println(node.getValue()); queue.push(node.getLeft()); queue.push(node.getRight()); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ BinaryTree<String> bt = new BinaryTree<String>(); bt.createBiTree(); //bt.preOrderTraverse(); //bt.inOrderTraverse(); //bt.postOrderTraverse(); //bt.nrPreOrderTraverse(); //bt.nrInOrderTraverse(); //bt.nrPostOrderTraverse(); bt.levelTraverse(); } }
【注:当中关于栈和队列的定义请參考还有一篇博文】
Java实现栈和队列的定义:http://blog.csdn.net/junwei_yu/article/details/38470825