WCF系列之一个简单的Demo

一、前言

    前面的几个章节介绍了很多理论基础，如：什么是WCF、WCF中的A、B、C。WCF的传输模式。本文从零开始和大家一起写一个小的WCF应用程序Demo。

    大多框架的学习都是从增、删、改、查开始来学习的，我们学习WCF也是一样的。从简单来看(不包括安全、优化等相关问题)，WCF的增删改查和WebForm相差无几。WCF只是把具体“实现”写在“Service端”，而“调用”放在了“Client端”。觉得有帮助别忘了点个赞哈，谢谢哦~

二、Demo说明

1）Demo的 “Service端”以本机IIS为宿主，“Client端”以WebForm项目为例。

2）Demo的“Service端”提取数据采用初学者比较容易接受的分层结构进行搭建，分别分为服务层、实体层、数据层。

引用关系如下图所示：

3）Demo以数据库为SqlServer，表User为例(sql语句在下载的压缩包中Init.sql)，表结构如下所示：

三、创建Service端宿主

1）创建WCF应用程序命名为：WCF.Demo.Service，如下图：

2）删除默认文件IService.cs与Service.svc。并分别创建增、删、改、查”Add.svc”、“Save.svc”、“Remove.svc”、“Get.svc，Search.svc”，分别对应4个功能的服务应用程序WCF服务应用程序，并创建数据操作层和数据实体层，如下图：

3）增加实体层和数据操作层代码，如下所示：

//用户实体
    [DataContract]
    public class User
    {
        [DataMember]
        public int UserID { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public string Password { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public string Discribe { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public DateTime SubmitTime { get; set; }
    }
    //数据操作，调用SqlHeler
    public class User
    {
        private static readonly string connectionString = "server=.;database=wcfDemo;uid=sa;pwd=123456;";

        //添加
        public static bool Add(Model.User user)
        {
            string sql = string.Format("INSERT INTO [dbo].[User]([UserName],[Password],[Discribe],[SubmitTime]) VALUES('{0}','{1}','{2}','{3}')", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime);
            int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
            if (result > 0)
                return true;
            else
                return false;
        }

        //修改
        public static bool Save(Model.User user)
        {
            string sql = string.Format("UPDATE [dbo].[User] SET [UserName] = '{0}',[Discribe] = '{2}',[SubmitTime] = '{3}' WHERE UserID = {4}", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime, user.UserID);
            int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
            if (result > 0)
                return true;
            else
                return false;
        }

        //删除
        public static bool Remove(int UserID)
        {
            string sql = string.Format("DELETE FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID);
            int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
            if (result > 0)
                return true;
            else
                return false;
        }

        //获取用户
        public static Model.User Get(int UserID)
        {
            Model.User user = new Model.User();
            string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID);
            DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
            if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0)
            {
                foreach (DataRow dr in ds.Tables[0].Rows)
                {
                    user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]);
                    user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString();
                    user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString();
                    user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString();
                    user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]);
                }
            }
            return user;
        }

        //获取用户列表
        public static List<Model.User> GetUsers()
        {
            List<Model.User> Users = new List<Model.User>();
            string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User]");
            DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
            if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0)
            {
                foreach (DataTable dt in ds.Tables)
                {
                    foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
                    {
                        Model.User user = new Model.User();
                        user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]);
                        user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString();
                        user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString();
                        user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString();
                        user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]);
                        Users.Add(user);
                    }
                }
            }
            return Users;
        }
    }

4）修改Add接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

[ServiceContract]
    public interface IAdd
    {
        [OperationContract]
        bool DoWork(Model.User user);
    }

    public class Add : IAdd
    {
        public bool DoWork(Model.User user)
        {
            return DAL.User.Add(user);
        }
    }

5）修改Save接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

[ServiceContract]
    public interface ISave
    {
        [OperationContract]
        bool DoWork(Model.User user);
    }

    public class Save : ISave
    {
        public bool DoWork(Model.User user)
        {
            return DAL.User.Save(user);
        }
    }

6）修改Remove接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

[ServiceContract]
    public interface IRemove
    {
        [OperationContract]
        bool DoWork(int UserID);
    }
    public class Remove : IRemove
    {
        public bool DoWork(int UserID)
        {
            return DAL.User.Remove(UserID);
        }
    }

7）修改Search接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

[ServiceContract]
    public interface ISearch
    {
        [OperationContract]
        List<Model.User> DoWork();
    }

    public class Search : ISearch
    {
        List<Model.User> ISearch.DoWork()
        {
            return DAL.User.GetUsers();
        }
    }

8）修改Get接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

[ServiceContract]
    public interface IGet
    {
        [OperationContract]
        Model.User DoWork(int UserID);
    }

    public class Get : IGet
    {
        public Model.User DoWork(int UserID)
        {
            return DAL.User.Get(UserID);
        }
    }

四、部署服务端程序

1）将程序发布，并部署到IIS上，设置端口：8080，如下图所示：

2）以Add.svc服务应用程序为目标，测试部署是否成功，成功后如下图所示：

五、创建Client端Web应用程序

新建WebForm项目WCF.Demo.Client，并创建增删改查文件，Add.aspx，Save.aspx，SearchAndRemove.aspx。如下图所示：

六、使用SvcUtil.exe生成客户端代码和配置

SvcUtil.exe是一个VS命令行工具，该工具位于：C:Program FilesMicrosoft  SDKsWindowsv7.0Ain 或 C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft SDKsWindowsv7.0Ain一般情况下我们将SvcUtil.exe添加到VS开发工具中方便以后的运用（也可直接使用该命令行工具）。

1）在VS中的 Tools菜单---选择External Tools，打开管理窗口如下图所示：

在Title中输入SvcUtil，Command中选择SvcUtil.exe全路径，Initial  directory栏选择生成的客户端代码和配置文件所放的目录（此处为解决方案所在目录），选上Prompt for arguments，不选上Close on  exit。点击OK.

2）添加完成后，在VS的工具下会出现这个菜单。如下图所示：

3）在Client端添加对服务的引用。打开SvUtil工具，在Arguments里填写服务的地址，如下图：

点击OK后出现下图，说明代码类和配置文件生成成功（在解决方案目标下），如下图所示：

此时代理类和配置文件被下载到解决方案的物理目录中，如下图所示：

七、在Client端使用代理类与配置

将代理类从服务端的物理目录拷贝出来，放到Client端，并适当的修改代码，加入自己需要的名称空间，如下图所示：

使用代码如下所示：

//增加
    public partial class Add : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        Service.AddClient addClient = new Service.AddClient();
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        //提交
        protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Model.User user = new Model.User();
            user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text;
            user.Password = this.txtPassword.Text;
            user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text;
            user.SubmitTime = System.DateTime.Now;
            addClient.DoWork(user);
            Response.Write("添加成功！");
        }
    }
    //修改
    public partial class Save : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        Service.SaveClient saveClient = new Service.SaveClient();
        Service.GetClient getClient = new Service.GetClient();
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!Page.IsPostBack && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Request.QueryString["UserID"]))
            {
                GetUser();
            }
        }

        protected void GetUser()
        {
            int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]);
            Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID);
            this.txtUserName.Text = user.UserName;
            this.txtDiscribe.Text = user.Discribe;
        }

        //提交
        protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]);
            Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID);
            user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text;
            user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text;
            saveClient.DoWork(user);
            Response.Write("修改成功！");
        }
    }
    //列表及删除
    public partial class SearchAndRemove : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        Service.SearchClient searchClient = new Service.SearchClient();
        Service.RemoveClient removeClient = new Service.RemoveClient();
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!Page.IsPostBack)
            {
                GetUsers();
            }
        }

        protected void GetUsers()
        {
            this.repUsers.DataSource = searchClient.DoWork();
            this.repUsers.DataBind();
        }

        protected void lbtnRemoveCommand(object sender, CommandEventArgs e)
        {
            int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandName);
            removeClient.DoWork(UserID);
            Response.Write("删除成功~");
            GetUsers();
        }
    }

将生成的配置文件中的 <system.serviceModel>复制到Client的Web.config中，代码如下：

<system.serviceModel>
    <bindings>
      <basicHttpBinding>
        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
            openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
            allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
            maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
            messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
            useDefaultWebProxy="true">
          <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
              maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
          <security mode="None">
            <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
                realm="" />
            <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
          </security>
        </binding>
        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
                   openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
                   allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
                   maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
                   messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
                   useDefaultWebProxy="true">
          <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
              maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
          <security mode="None">
            <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
                realm="" />
            <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
          </security>
        </binding>
        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
           openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
           allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
           maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
           messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
           useDefaultWebProxy="true">
          <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
              maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
          <security mode="None">
            <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
                realm="" />
            <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
          </security>
        </binding>
        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
                   openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
                   allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
                   maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
                   messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
                   useDefaultWebProxy="true">
          <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
              maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
          <security mode="None">
            <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
                realm="" />
            <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
          </security>
        </binding>
        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
                   openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
                   allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
                   maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
                   messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
                   useDefaultWebProxy="true">
          <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
              maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
          <security mode="None">
            <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
                realm="" />
            <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
          </security>
        </binding>
      </basicHttpBinding>
    </bindings>
    <client>
      <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Add.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
          bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" contract="IAdd"
          name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" />
      <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Remove.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
              bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" contract="IRemove"
              name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" />
      <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Search.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
             bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" contract="ISearch"
             name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" />
      <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Save.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
               bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" contract="ISave"
               name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" />
      <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Get.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
               bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" contract="IGet"
               name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" />
    </client>
  </system.serviceModel>

-------------------------最终效果-----------------------

添加：

修改：

列表及删除：

八、源码下载

点我下载本文章Demo

版权：http://www.cnblogs.com/iamlilinfeng