Implement a SnapshotArray that supports the following interface:
SnapshotArray(int length)
initializes an array-like data structure with the given length. Initially, each element equals 0.void set(index, val)
sets the element at the givenindex
to be equal toval
.int snap()
takes a snapshot of the array and returns thesnap_id
: the total number of times we calledsnap()
minus1
.int get(index, snap_id)
returns the value at the givenindex
, at the time we took the snapshot with the givensnap_id
Example 1:
Input: ["SnapshotArray","set","snap","set","get"] [[3],[0,5],[],[0,6],[0,0]] Output: [null,null,0,null,5] Explanation: SnapshotArray snapshotArr = new SnapshotArray(3); // set the length to be 3 snapshotArr.set(0,5); // Set array[0] = 5 snapshotArr.snap(); // Take a snapshot, return snap_id = 0 snapshotArr.set(0,6); snapshotArr.get(0,0); // Get the value of array[0] with snap_id = 0, return 5
Constraints:
1 <= length <= 50000
- At most
50000
calls will be made toset
,snap
, andget
. 0 <= index < length
0 <= snap_id <
(the total number of times we callsnap()
)0 <= val <= 10^9
快照数组。题意是给一个长度为length的数组,我们会时不时地往里面放或者修改一些元素,同时我们有一个函数snap(),是对当下的数组做一个快照。需要实现这个design。
比较粗暴的想法肯定是无论数组做什么操作,当有snap()操作的时候,就无条件把数组整个复制一份。这样效率是很低的。比如你在打字的时候,你有时为了保险起见,多按了几次ctrl + S,如果保存的函数也是这样实现,那么实在是太低效了。一个优化的思路是,我们只需要在每次snap的时候,记录有变化的index即可;这也与get()函数呼应,因为get()函数也只在意某个snap_id背后的某一个index上的数字是多少。当之后再次被叫到某个snap_id的时候,我们也能够快速还原。
具体的实现是我们需要一个和length等长的list,来记录每个index上的数字;同时这个list上每个位置下还挂着一个treemap<Integer, Integer>,里面存的是<snapId, value>。所以当get()函数叫到某个index的时候,我拿到这个index上的treemap,此时我再用treemap中的floorEntry()函数拿到比当前snap_id小的最大的snapId。这样我就知道在这个index上最后一次被快照的数字是什么了。
初始化 - 时间O(n),空间O(n)
set() - 时间O(1)
snap() - 时间O(1)
get() - 时间O(1)
Java实现
1 class SnapshotArray { 2 private List<TreeMap<Integer, Integer>> list; 3 private int snapId; 4 5 public SnapshotArray(int length) { 6 list = new ArrayList<>(); 7 for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { 8 list.add(new TreeMap<>()); 9 list.get(i).put(0, 0); 10 } 11 snapId = 0; 12 } 13 14 public void set(int index, int val) { 15 list.get(index).put(snapId, val); 16 } 17 18 public int snap() { 19 return snapId++; 20 } 21 22 public int get(int index, int snap_id) { 23 return list.get(index).floorEntry(snap_id).getValue(); 24 } 25 } 26 27 /** 28 * Your SnapshotArray object will be instantiated and called as such: 29 * SnapshotArray obj = new SnapshotArray(length); 30 * obj.set(index,val); 31 * int param_2 = obj.snap(); 32 * int param_3 = obj.get(index,snap_id); 33 */