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  • 应用AOP简化WinForm的异步操作——PostSharp实现

    起因

    从事WinForm的园友们一定经历过:当程序需要执行一个耗时的操作时,窗体进入假死状态,然后标题栏显示一个令用户绝望的“未响应”。不明真相的用户此时可能认为程序已死,强行关闭重启程序,然后重复这个噩梦。而通常此时程序实际上已经完成了一部分业务,造成数据丢失或者产生的结果与预期不一致。

    针对这个case,有很多方法来解决:Thread/ThreadPool/Control.Invoke/BackgroundWorker...

    下面以BackgroundWorker举例:

    假设程序现在要执行一个耗时的操作,为了不让用户肆意猛击界面,弹出一个带有loading动画的对话框block住主界面。我们把这个对话框命名为BlockDialog

    效果如下:

    实现的代码可能如下,DoWork方法用于执行业务,RunWorkerCompleted用于绑定数据、刷新界面:

    var worker = new BackgroundWorker();
    worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(DoWork);
    worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(RunWorkerCompleted);
    worker.RunWorkerAsync();
    dialog = new BlockDialog();
    dialog.ShowDialog(this);

    反复写这样的代码让人感到厌倦,而且当一个复杂的界面出现大篇类似的代码,会让业务逻辑淹没其中难以厘清。

    所以,我们想到了AOP,通过attribute标记方法。

    以下使用大名鼎鼎的PostSharp作为基础工具二次开发。

    尝试

    我期望的代码风格是这样的:

    [WorkThread]
    void DoBusinessWork(){
        LoadData();

    Binding();
    }



    [GuiThread]
    void Binding(){

    }



    现在开始:

    定制拦截方法的拦截器,继承自PostSharp的 MethodInterceptionAspect类

    //业务线程
    public class WorkThreadAttribute : MethodInterceptionAspect
    {
    private IBlockDialog blockForm;


    public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args)
    {
    var worker = new BackgroundWorker();
    worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(worker_DoWork);
    worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(worker_RunWorkerCompleted);
    worker.RunWorkerAsync(args);
    blockForm = args.Instance as IBlockDialog;
    if (blockForm != null)
    {
    blockForm.Block();
    }
    }


    void worker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
    var args = e.Argument as MethodInterceptionArgs;
    args.Invoke(args.Arguments);
    }



    void worker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
    {
    if (blockForm != null)
    {
    blockForm.UnBlock();
    }
    }

    }


    //GUI线程

    public class GuiThreadAttribute : MethodInterceptionAspect

    {
    public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args)
    {
    var main = (Form)args.Instance;

    if (main.InvokeRequired)
    {
    main.BeginInvoke(new Action(args.Proceed));
    }
    else
    {
    args.Proceed();
    }
    }
    }



    其中定义了一个接口IBlockDialog,为的是调用者可以自定义Block对话框

    public interface IBlockDialog
    {
    void Block();

    void UnBlock();
    }


    
    

     执行异步操作的Form需要实现此接口,它需要具有Block/Unblock的行为。简单地实现,它只需要组合BlockDialog,Show/Close对话框即可。

    public class BaseForm : Form, IBlockDialog
    {
    private BlockDialog blockDialog;

    protected BlockDialog BlockDialog
    {
    get
    {
    return blockDialog ?? (blockDialog = new BlockDialog());
    }
    }
    #region Implementation of IBlockDialog

    public void Block()
    {
    BlockDialog.ShowDialog(this);
    }

    public void UnBlock()
    {
    BlockDialog.Close();
    }

    public void ShowProcess(int percentage)
    {
    BlockDialog.ShowProcess(percentage);
    }


    #endregion
    }
    
    
    
    
    以上基本已经实现本文的目标,它能满足常用的下载数据并绑定展示的需求。
    
    

    增强

    现在再提一个需求,我们经常需要上传或导入数据,希望在BlockDialog上加一个进度条。

    这时我们可以用到BackgroundWorker ReportProgress的特性。

    问题是:如何让拦截器知道业务线程执行的进度?

    暂且不论拦截器是如何得知的,首先,业务线程自己先要知道自己执行了百分之几,并且,它还得讲出来,不能闷闷唧唧的执行。

    为此,

    1、我们定义一个Reporter接口,它要求业务线程实时的set进度值,同时可能让拦截器get到这个进度值。

    public interface IProcessReporter
    {
    int ProcessPercentage { get; set; }
    }


    2、下面对BaseForm扩展,实现IProcessReporter

    public class ProcessForm : BaseForm , IProcessReporter
    {
        public int ProcessPercentage
    {
    get;set;
    }
        
      [WorkThread]
      private void DoWork()
      {
         //循环
         
    //报告进度
         
    //ProcessPercentage = ?%;
      }
    }


    3、让拦截器监听IProcessReporter.ProcessPercentage的变化
    怎么监听呢,用Timer吗?
    可以,但有延时。
    那用Observer吧!

    Interceptor:

    在ProcessObsever处登记它启用的BackgroundWorker和要监听的Form:IProcessReporter

    ProcessForm:

    进度变化时在ProcessObsever处更新

    ProcessObsever:

    Form执行业务进度发生变化时,通知要监听它的BackgroundWorker

    3.1 ProcessObserver的实现

    public  class ProcessObserver
    {
    private static readonly Dictionary<BackgroundWorker, IProcessReporter> pairs = new Dictionary<BackgroundWorker, IProcessReporter>();
    private static readonly Dictionary<IProcessReporter,int> process = new Dictionary<IProcessReporter, int>();
    private static readonly ProcessObserver instance = new ProcessObserver();
    private ProcessObserver()
    {

    }

    public static ProcessObserver Instance
    {
    get
    {
    return instance;
    }
    }

    public void Add(BackgroundWorker worker, IProcessReporter reporter)
    {
    if (!pairs.ContainsKey(worker))
    {
    pairs.Add(worker, reporter);
    if (process.ContainsKey(reporter))
    {
    worker.ReportProgress(process[reporter]);
    }
    }
    }

    public void Remove(BackgroundWorker worker)
    {
    if(!pairs.ContainsKey(worker)) return;
    if (process.ContainsKey(pairs[worker]))
    {
    process.Remove(pairs[worker]);
    }
    pairs.Remove(worker);
    }

    public void Update(IProcessReporter reporter)
    {
    if(process.ContainsKey(reporter)) process[reporter] = reporter.ProcessPercentage;
    else
    {
    process.Add(reporter, reporter.ProcessPercentage);
    }
    foreach (var pair in pairs)
    {
    if (pair.Value == reporter)
    {
    pair.Key.ReportProgress(reporter.ProcessPercentage);//找到对应的BackgroundWorker,刷新进度
    }
    }
    }
    }


    
    
    3.2 修改拦截器 WorkThreadAttribute 
    public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args)
    {
      var worker = new BackgroundWorker();
    worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(worker_DoWork);
    worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(worker_RunWorkerCompleted);

       if (args.Instance is IProcessReporter)
        {
           processReporter = args.Instance as IProcessReporter;
          ProcessObserver.Instance.Add(worker, processReporter);
          worker.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
          worker.ProgressChanged += new ProgressChangedEventHandler(worker_ProgressChanged);
        }  

    worker.RunWorkerAsync(args);

    blockForm = args.Instance as IBlockDialog;
    if (blockForm != null)
    {
    blockForm.Block();
    }
    }
    
    
    3.3 修改ProcessForm 对 IProcessReporter的实现,进度发生变化时更新到Observer
    private int percentage;
    public int ProcessPercentage
    {
    get{ return percentage; }
    set {
             if (percentage != value)
    {
      ProcessObserver.Instance.Update(this);
    }
    percentage = value;
    }
    }


    结尾

    一句话,PostSharp很给力!
    上Demo:
    https://files.cnblogs.com/cnsharp/WinFormPractice_AOP.7z
    
    
    注:
    PostSharp自2.0版后分为Starter Edition和Professional Edition,前者是免费的,足够支持一般应用
    参见:http://www.sharpcrafters.com/purchase/compare
    本文使用PostSharp 2.1.5 Starter Edition
    作者:CnSharp.com
    本文版权归CnSharp.com和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利.
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cnsharp/p/2254783.html
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