MySQL数据库基础（2）安装实战 --2

1.3 安装相关包
1.3.1 cmake软件
cd /home/oldboy/tools/
tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.8
./configure
#CMake has bootstrapped.  Now run gmake.
gmake
gmake install
cd ../

1.3.2 依赖包
yum install ncurses-devel -y

1.4 开始安装mysql
1.4.1 创建用户和组
groupadd mysql
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql

1.4.2 解压编译MySQL
tar zxf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz 
cd mysql-5.5.32
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.32 
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data 
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.32/tmp/mysql.sock 
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 　　#可选字符集，不要求不写
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii 
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON 
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled 
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 
-DWITH_READLINE=1 
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 
-DWITH_DEBUG=0

#-- Build files have been written to: /home/oldboy/tools/mysql-5.5.32
提示，编译时可配置的选项很多，具体可参考结尾附录或官方文档：
make
#[100%] Built target my_safe_process
make install
ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql
如果上述操作未出现错误，则MySQL5.5.32软件cmake方式的安装就算成功了。

特别说明：
1、常规configure编译方式安装以及免编译方式安装等等的安装方法，都是上面过程不同，下面过程都相同

1.4.3初始化配置MySQL
1.查看默认模板配置文件
ll support-files.my*cnf

2.选择配置文件
ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql
cp mysql-5.5.32/support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf 
测试环境选小的，生产环境可以根据硬件选择，例如：my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

3.配置环境变量
echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
tail -1 /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
echo $PATH

4.初始化数据文件（容易出错的步骤）
ll /application/mysql/data/　　　　#建立mysql数据文件目录
chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/data/　　　　#授权mysql用户访问mysql的安装目录
chmod -R 1777 /tmp/　　　　#调整/tmp权限，否则初始化会错误。
./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
#安装mysql数据库文件，注意命令路径：
特别提示：
a.如果mysql5.0,5.1省略指定datadir会出错
b.正确提示

Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

提示：俩个OK表示成功，有警告可以忽略，有ERROR要处理


5.设置常规方式启动关闭脚本
cd /home/oldboy/tools/mysql-5.5.32
/bin/cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld　　　　#拷贝mysql启动脚本到/etc/init.d/下。
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld　　　　#授权700权限，即脚本可以执行
/etc/init.d/mysqld  start　　　　　　#熟悉的重启方式又出现了
netstat -lntup|grep 3306

chkconfig mysqld on
chkconfig --list mysqld

6.登录mysql故障解决

7.登录成功
mysql

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------------------+
| user | host                  |
+------+-----------------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1             |
| root | ::1                   |
|      | localhost             |
| root | localhost             |
|      | localhost.localdomain |
| root | localhost.localdomain |
+------+-----------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------------------+
| user | host                  |
+------+-----------------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1             |
| root | ::1                   |
| root | localhost             |
| root | localhost.localdomain |
+------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from mysql.user where host='www';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------------------+
| user | host                  |
+------+-----------------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1             |
| root | ::1                   |
| root | localhost             |
| root | localhost.localdomain |
+------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from mysql.user where host='::1';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------------------+
| user | host                  |
+------+-----------------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1             |
| root | localhost             |
| root | localhost.localdomain |
+------+-----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

/application/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
mysql -uroot -p123456