MySQL两主(多主)多从架构配置
一、角色划分
1、MySQL数据库规划
我现在的环境是:zhdy04和zhdy05已经做好了主主架构配置,现在需要的是把两台或者多台从服务器与主一一同步。
主机名 |
IP 地址 |
角色 |
Mysql_server_id |
---|---|---|---|
zhdy04 |
192.168.230.145 |
masterA |
145 |
zhdy05 |
192.168.230.146 |
masterB |
146 |
zhdy06 |
192.168.230.147 |
slaveA |
147 |
zhdy07 |
192.168.230.148 |
slaveB |
148 |
二、MySQL数据同步设定
1、因为咱们测试的机器数据库全部都是初始值,所以不需要导入任何数据库。(写的原因是假如,配置的环境和现在不一致。我们仍然需要做数据备份和导入)
2、数据同步帐号添加
按理来说,之前我们已经配置了主主,也就是zhdy04和zhdy05已经互相授权了。接下来我们需要设置的是:
- 在zhdy04上面授权zhdy06可以同步。
- 在zhdy05上面授权zhdy07可以同步。
zhdy04 masterA服务器:
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.230.147' identified by 'zhangduanya';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
zhdy05 masterB服务器:
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.230.148' identified by 'zhangduanya';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3、数据库配置文件修改
- zhdy04 masterA服务器:
server-id=145
log-bin=mysql-bin
auto-increment-increment=2
auto-increment-offset=1
log-slave-updates
- zhdy05 masterB服务器:
server-id=146
log-bin=mysql-bin
auto-increment-increment=2
auto-increment-offset=2
log-slave-updates
- zhdy06 slaveA服务器:
server-id=147
- zhdy07 slaveB服务器:
server-id=148
在此我为了让大家更加容易理解我所做的配置,所以没有添加任何附加的服务,例如如下:
log-bin = mysql-bin #打开二进制功能,MASTER主服务器必须打开此项
binlog-format=ROW
binlog-row-p_w_picpath=minimal
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=0
sync_binlog=0
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
#expire_logs_days=5
max_binlog_size=1024M #binlog单文件最大值
replicate-ignore-db = mysql #忽略不同步主从的数据库
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = zabbix
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 30
skip-character-set-client-handshake #忽略应用程序想要设置的其他字符集
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' #连接时执行的SQL
character-set-server=utf8 #服务端默认字符集
wait_timeout=1800 #请求的最大连接时间
interactive_timeout=1800 #和上一参数同时修改才会生效
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #sql模式
skip-name-resolve
slow_query_log=1
long_query_time = 6
slow_query_log_file=slow-query.log
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
binlog-do-db=openfire
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema
replicate-do-db=openfire
replicate-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema
read_only = 1 #开始只读模式
read_only=0; #关闭只读,可以读写
4、重启4台DB:
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
5、同步设置:
- zhdy04 masterA服务器:
mysql> show master status;
记录下各自的 master_log_file、master_log_pos值
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 120 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
- zhdy05 masterB服务器:
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 120 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- zhdy06 slaveA服务器:
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.230.145', master_user='repl', master_password='zhangduanya', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004', master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)
- zhdy07 slaveB服务器:
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.230.146', master_user='repl', master_password='zhangduanya', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004', master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.08 sec)
6、检查配置
首先一定要把四台的firewalld全部关闭!
# systemctl stop firewalld # systemctl disable firewalld
分别检查四台服务器的
Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
开启情况!
- zhdy06 slaveA服务器:
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.230.145
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: zhdy06-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- zhdy04 masterA服务器:
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.230.146
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: zhdy04-relay-bin.000012
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- zhdy07 slaveB服务器:
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.230.146
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: zhdy07-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- zhdy05 masterB服务器:
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.230.145
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: zhdy05-relay-bin.000011
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
由此看来全部同步成功!
7、最后一步,在主服务器zhdy04 masterA创建一个数据库,也就是说这四台服务器都会有这个数据库!
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| qqq |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.06 sec)
我就不一一截屏了,然后所有的数据库均有了qqq这个数据库!
8、总结
也就是说,未来我们搭建多主多从看完这个配置是不是也有思路了?就像配置路由器一样,互相连接的互相授权下是不是就可以了?
给大家一个设置的方法:
auto-increment-increment = 10
auto-increment-offset = 1
auto-increment-increment = 10
auto-increment-offset = 2
auto-increment-increment = 10
auto-increment-offset = 3
这样是不是就可以设置10台主mysql了呢?
但是一旦超过20台呢?或者是100台?
20台
auto-increment-increment = 20
auto-increment-offset = 1
auto-increment-increment = 20
auto-increment-offset = 2
…..
auto-increment-increment = 20
auto-increment-offset = 20
100台
auto-increment-increment = 100
auto-increment-offset = 1
auto-increment-increment = 100
auto-increment-offset = 2
…..
auto-increment-increment = 100
auto-increment-offset = 100
是不是就不会重复了? 不难看出,自增长值可设置为主机的数量值即可,但是一定要想到可扩充性,也就是尽量设置这个值大些。