Django学习笔记(一)

之前没有接触过django，甚至python也是最近才刚刚着手学习，可以说是零基础。
要学习一门新技术，官方文档自然是首选的入门教程。
开发环境：python2.7+django1.7+win

1.首先，新建一个网站
django-admin.exe startproject mysite
2.创建数据表(一些应用需要基本的数据表，在调用之前使用此命令创建数据表。)
python manage.py migrate
3.1时区设置
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

3.2本地启动
python manage.py runserver
更改端口号或IP地址
$ python manage.py runserver 8080
$ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
4.创建应用(创建后在setting中注册)
python manage.py startapp polls
4.1创建两个模型Quetion和Choice,编写polls/models.py
from django.db import models

class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

5.1在setting中注册应用后，还需要运行以下命令使django知道添加了polls这个app
$ python manage.py makemigrations polls
通过此命令可告知django对你的模型做了哪些改动
5.2
通过以下命令查看生成的数据表的SQL语句样式。
$ python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001
通过此命令检查项目中没有创建数据表的改动地方
python manage.py check
5.3
创建一个管理员
$ python manage.py createsuperuser
pip freeze查看已安装模块及其版本

pip uninstall django删除安装的对应模块
pip install -U setuptools升级对应的模块
6.
Run python manage.py makemigrations to create migrations for those changes
Run python manage.py migrate to apply those changes to the database.
7.polls/models.py

from django.db import models

class Question(models.Model):
# ...
def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2
return self.question_text

class Choice(models.Model):
# ...
def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2
return self.choice_text
For:
It’s important to add __str__() methods to your models,
not only for your own sanity when dealing with the interactive prompt, 
but also because objects’ representations are used throughout Django’s
automatically-generated admin.