linux系统搭建Python环境
参考：
在Linux系统中搭建Python环境
CentOS 7.3安装完整开发环境
1. 安装wget插件：yum install wget
[root@localhost python]# yum install wget
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:52:44 ago on Thu Feb 4 03:23:53 2021.
Dependencies resolved.
==========================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
==========================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
wget x86_64 1.19.5-10.el8 appstream 734 k
Installing dependencies:
libpsl x86_64 0.20.2-6.el8 baseos 61 k
publicsuffix-list-dafsa noarch 20180723-1.el8 baseos 56 k
Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================================================================================
Install 3 Packages
Total download size: 851 k
Installed size: 2.9 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20180723-1.el8.noarch.rpm 160 kB/s | 56 kB 00:00
(2/3): libpsl-0.20.2-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 157 kB/s | 61 kB 00:00
(3/3): wget-1.19.5-10.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.4 MB/s | 734 kB 00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 531 kB/s | 851 kB 00:01
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20180723-1.el8.noarch 1/3
Installing : libpsl-0.20.2-6.el8.x86_64 2/3
Installing : wget-1.19.5-10.el8.x86_64 3/3
Running scriptlet: wget-1.19.5-10.el8.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : wget-1.19.5-10.el8.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : libpsl-0.20.2-6.el8.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20180723-1.el8.noarch 3/3
Installed:
libpsl-0.20.2-6.el8.x86_64 publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20180723-1.el8.noarch wget-1.19.5-10.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost python]#
2. 获取安装包：不同版本可访问地址查看
[root@localhost python]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.1/Python-3.9.1.tgz
--2021-02-04 04:20:19-- https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.1/Python-3.9.1.tgz
Resolving www.python.org (www.python.org)... 151.101.108.223, 2a04:4e42:1a::223
Connecting to www.python.org (www.python.org)|151.101.108.223|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 25372998 (24M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'Python-3.9.1.tgz'
Python-3.9.1.tgz 100%[==========================================================================>] 24.20M 26.4KB/s in 15m 31s
2021-02-04 04:35:52 (26.6 KB/s) - 'Python-3.9.1.tgz' saved [25372998/25372998]
[root@localhost python]#
3. 安装开发完整开发环境(若linux环境缺少大量插件时)：编译所需gcc、g++等
yum groups mark install "Development Tools"
yum groups mark convert "Development Tools"
yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
3. 解压：tar -zxvf Python-3.9.1.tgz
[root@localhost python]# tar -zxvf Python-3.9.1.tgz
[root@localhost python]# ls
Python-3.9.1 Python-3.9.1.tgz
[root@localhost python]#
5. 创建安装路径：创建在/usr/local建一个文件夹即目录python3
[root@localhost python]# ls /usr/local/
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@localhost python]# mkdir /usr/local/python3
[root@localhost python]# ls /usr/local/
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec python3 sbin share src
[root@localhost python]#
5. 配置安装路径：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
[root@localhost python]# cd Python-3.9.1
[root@localhost Python-3.9.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
6. 编译安装：make && make install
问题一：make install发生ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'zlib'
解决方案：yum install zlib zlib-devel
7. 建立python的链接：ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
8. 测试python环境是否安装正常:pyhton3 -V
[root@localhost Python-3.9.1]# python3 -V
Python 3.9.1
[root@localhost Python-3.9.1]#