COL命令：
主要格式化列的显示形式。
该命令有许多选项，具体如下：
COL[UMN] [{ column|expr} [ option ...]]
Option选项可以是如下的子句:
ALI[AS] alias
CLE[AR]
FOLD_A[FTER]
FOLD_B[EFORE]
FOR[MAT] format
HEA[DING] text
JUS[TIFY] {L[EFT]|C[ENTER]|C[ENTRE]|R[IGHT]}
LIKE { expr|alias}
NEWL[INE]
NEW_V[ALUE] variable
NOPRI[NT]|PRI[NT]
NUL[L] text
OLD_V[ALUE] variable
ON|OFF
WRA[PPED]|WOR[D_WRAPPED]|TRU[NCATED]
1). 改变缺省的列标题
COLUMN column_name HEADING column_heading
For example:
Sql>select * from dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- ---------------------------- ---------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
sql>col LOC heading location
sql>select * from dept;
DEPTNO DNAME location
--------- ---------------------------- -----------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
2). 将列名ENAME改为新列名EMPLOYEE NAME并将新列名放在两行上：
Sql>select * from emp
Department name Salary
---------- ---------- ----------
10 aaa 11
SQL> COLUMN ENAME HEADING ’Employee|Name’
Sql>select * from emp
Employee
Department name Salary
---------- ---------- ----------
10 aaa 11
note: the col heading turn into two lines from one line.
3). 改变列的显示长度：
FOR[MAT] format
Sql>select empno,ename,job from emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7369 SMITH CLERK
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN
7521 WARD SALESMAN
Sql> col ename format a40
EMPNO ENAME JOB
---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------
7369 SMITH CLERK
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN
7521 WARD SALESMAN
4). 设置列标题的对齐方式
JUS[TIFY] {L[EFT]|C[ENTER]|C[ENTRE]|R[IGHT]}
SQL> col ename justify center
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME JOB
---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------
7369 SMITH CLERK
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN
7521 WARD SALESMAN
对于NUMBER型的列，列标题缺省在右边，其它类型的列标题缺省在左边
5). 不让一个列显示在屏幕上
NOPRI[NT]|PRI[NT]
SQL> col job noprint
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
7369 SMITH
7499 ALLEN
7521 WARD
6). 格式化NUMBER类型列的显示：
SQL> COLUMN SAL FORMAT $99,990
SQL> /
Employee
Department Name Salary Commission
---------- ---------- --------- ----------
30 ALLEN $1,600 300
7). 显示列值时，如果列值为NULL值，用text值代替NULL值
COMM NUL[L] text
SQL>COL COMM NUL[L] text
8). 设置一个列的回绕方式
WRA[PPED]|WOR[D_WRAPPED]|TRU[NCATED]
COL1
--------------------
HOW ARE YOU?
SQL>COL COL1 FORMAT A5
SQL>COL COL1 WRAPPED
COL1
-----
HOW A
RE YO
U?
SQL> COL COL1 WORD_WRAPPED
COL1
-----
HOW
ARE
YOU?
SQL> COL COL1 WORD_WRAPPED
COL1
-----
HOW A
9). 显示列的当前的显示属性值
SQL> COLUMN column_name
10). 将所有列的显示属性设为缺省值
SQL> CLEAR COLUMNS