全部启动或者全部停止(注意：第一次启动需要先格式，以后就不需要格式了，不能多次格式化)
1.启动
[root@master sbin]# pwd
/usr/hadoop/hadoop-3.0.0-alpha4/sbin
[root@master sbin]# ./start-all.sh
Starting namenodes on [master]
Starting datanodes
Starting secondary namenodes [master]
Starting resourcemanager
Starting nodemanagers
[root@master sbin]# jps
3553 SecondaryNameNode
4099 Jps
3786 ResourceManager
3307 NameNode
2.停止
[root@master sbin]# ./stop-all.sh
Stopping namenodes on [master]
Stopping datanodes
Stopping secondary namenodes [master]
Stopping nodemanagers
Stopping resourcemanager