django-rest-framework 快速开始

 

搭建项目

# Set up a new project
django-admin.py startproject tutorial
cd tutorial

# Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
virtualenv env
source env/bin/activate # On Windows use `envScriptsactivate`

# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework

# Create a new app
python manage.py startapp quickstart

设置数据库

编辑文件tutorial/settings.py
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': 'database.sql',
'USER': '',
'PASSWORD': '',
'HOST': '',
'PORT': ''
}
}
然后执行 python ./manage.py syncdb

定义序列化类型

quickstart/serializers.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers

class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')

class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
fields = ('url', 'name')

使用了HyperlinkedModelSerializer序列化，返回结果里会包含记录的url。

定义视图

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer

class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer

class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
如果只写model属性也是可以的，queryset 和 serializer_class会自动被生成。但是还是推荐直接写出来，这样更明了。

定义路由

rom django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from quickstart import views

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)

# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browseable API.
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
)

由于我们使用的是viewsets 视图，而非view,因此可以自动生存URL API。最后我们加入了登录和退出API，非常方便。

修改配置

INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework',
)

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',),
'PAGINATE_BY': 10
}

加入了分页，和权限，只有admin可以访问。

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