SpringBoot内置嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar。
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优点:简单、便携。
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缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat,应用war包的方式打包。
使用外置Servlet容器步骤
1、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)
2、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
3、必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
//传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
}
}
4、启动服务器就可以使用
原理
jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器。
war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;
规则:
1、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例。
2、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名。
3、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类。
流程:
1、启动Tomcat
2、Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer。
3、SpringServletContainerInitializer
将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)
标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>
,为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例。
4、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup。
5、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法。
6、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext,创建容器。
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
//1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
SpringApplicationBuilder builder = this.createSpringApplicationBuilder();
builder.main(this.getClass());
ApplicationContext parent = this.getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
if (parent != null) {
this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, (Object)null);
builder.initializers(new ApplicationContextInitializer[]{new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent)});
}
builder.initializers(new ApplicationContextInitializer[]{new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext)});
builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext.class);
//调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
builder = this.configure(builder);
builder.listeners(new ApplicationListener[]{new SpringBootServletInitializer.WebEnvironmentPropertySourceInitializer(servletContext)});
//使用builder创建一个Spring应用
SpringApplication application = builder.build();
if (application.getAllSources().isEmpty() && MergedAnnotations.from(this.getClass(), SearchStrategy.TYPE_HIERARCHY).isPresent(Configuration.class)) {
application.addPrimarySources(Collections.singleton(this.getClass()));
}
Assert.state(!application.getAllSources().isEmpty(), "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
application.addPrimarySources(Collections.singleton(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class));
}
application.setRegisterShutdownHook(false);
//启动Spring应用
return this.run(application);
}
7、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
this.configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
Collection exceptionReporters;
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
context = this.createApplicationContext();
exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
//刷新IOC容器
this.refreshContext(context);
this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
(new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
listeners.started(context);
this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
} catch (Throwable var10) {
this.handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(var10);
}
try {
listeners.running(context);
return context;
} catch (Throwable var9) {
this.handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners)null);
throw new IllegalStateException(var9);
}
}
外置的Servlet容器在运行时:先启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用。