蓝牙通信第1篇:搜索蓝牙设备

一：注意事项

      1：android6.0使用蓝牙时，需要开启gps定位权限，不然无法搜索其它蓝牙设备。

二：权限

      1：权限配置

<!--允许程序连接到已配对的蓝牙设备-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<!-- 允许程序发现和配对蓝牙设备 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <!--android 6.0 涉及到的权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

<!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<!-- 往SDCard写入数据的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

    2：动态权限代码

    由于需要用到存储卡，定位等，android6.0以上需要代码动态设置。

   a)获取定位设置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
     boolean isLocat = isLocationOpen(getApplicationContext());
     Toast.makeText(mContext, "isLo:" + isLocat, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            //开启位置服务，支持获取ble蓝牙扫描结果
     if (!isLocat) {
        Intent enableLocate = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
        startActivityForResult(enableLocate, 1);
     }
}

 /**
     * 判断位置信息是否开启
     *
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    private static boolean isLocationOpen(final Context context) {
        LocationManager manager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        //gps定位
        boolean isGpsProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
        //网络定位
        boolean isNetWorkProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
        return isGpsProvider || isNetWorkProvider;
    }

b)存储卡权限设置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            int write = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
            int read = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
            //动态请求读写sd卡权限
            if (write != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || read != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, SD_CARD);
            }
}

然后通过onRequestPermissionsResult（）方法获取动态权限的结果：

 @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case SD_CARD:
                if(grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                  //允许访问

                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(mContext,"您拒绝了程序访问存储卡",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
                break;
            case COARES_LOCATION:
                break;
        }
    }

 三：蓝牙搜索

android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter 是蓝牙开发用得比较多，并且比较重要的一个类，可以设备蓝牙名称，打开，关闭，搜索等常规操作。

  1 蓝牙打开，以及搜索

     蓝牙打开和关闭信息使用BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED去接收广播

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
mBluetoothAdapter.setName("blueTestPhone"); 
//判断蓝牙是否打开
boolean originalBluetooth = (mBluetoothAdapter != null && mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled());
if (originalBluetooth) {
    mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
} else if (originalBluetooth == false) {
    mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
}

蓝牙打开后，我们可以获取设备的蓝牙信息

 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 //获取本机蓝牙名称
 String name = mBluetoothAdapter.getName();
//获取本机蓝牙地址
 String address = mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();

搜索完成后，通过BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND广播去接收结果，广播代码如下(注意：可能出现设备搜索不到的情况，设备需要开启允许周围设备搜索，或者通过程序来控制允许搜索的时间范围)

  /*确保蓝牙被发现，在荣耀8手机上，设置了还是默认的2分钟，所以以下几句代码程序中没有，*/

Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
//设置可见状态的持续时间为300秒，但是最多是300秒
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BLUETOOTH);

private void initSearchBroadcast() {
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        //发现设备
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        //设备配对状态改变
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
        //蓝牙设备状态改变
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
        //开始扫描
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
        //结束扫描
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        //其它设备请求配对
        intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST);
        //intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED);
        registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter);
    }


private BroadcastReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            Logger.e(TAG + "mBluetoothReceiver action =" + action);
            try {
                if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) {//开始扫描
                    setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true);
                    log1.setText("正在扫描设备，请稍候...");
                } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {//结束扫描
                    Logger.e(TAG + "设备搜索完毕");
                    setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);
                    log1.setText("扫描完成");
                    bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                    unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                    scanStatus = false;
                } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {//发现设备
                    findDevice(intent);
                } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {//蓝牙配对状态的广播
                    BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                    Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播:" + device.getBondState());
                    switch (device.getBondState()) {
                        case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:
                            Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 正在配对......");
                            break;
                        case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:
                            Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 完成配对,本机自动配对");
                            bondDevices.add(device);
                            unbondDevices.remove(device);
                            bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                            unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); 
                            break;
                        case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:
                            Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 取消配对");
                            unbondDevices.add(device);
                            bondDevices.remove(device);
                            unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                            bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                        default:
                            break;
                    }
                } else if (action.equals(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST)) {//其它设备蓝牙配对请求
                    BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                    int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //当前的配对的状态
                    try {
                        String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
                        String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
                        Logger.e(TAG + "蓝牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state);
                        //1.确认配对，高版本无效,蓝牙配对不是zuk的问题，而是安卓6.0的bug，凡是遇到蓝牙适配问题的，请同时打开蓝牙和定位，再去配对，基本90%都没有问题了。
                        Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
                        //2.终止有序广播,如果没有将广播终止，则会出现一个一闪而过的配对框。
                        abortBroadcast();
                        //3.调用setPin方法进行配对...
                        boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    }
                } else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED)) {//蓝牙开关状态
                    //    BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                    int statue = mBluetoothAdapter.getState();
                    switch (statue) {
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:
                            Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙关闭");
                            ClsUtils.closeDiscoverableTimeout(mBluetoothAdapter);
                            break;
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:
                            Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙打开");
                            ClsUtils.setDiscoverableTimeout(1000 * 60, mBluetoothAdapter);
                            scanBluetooth();
                            break;
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:
                            Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙正在关闭");
                            mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
                            break;
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:
                            Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙正在打开");
                            break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    };

//发现设备的代码如下

 private void findDevice(Intent intent) throws Exception{
    //获取到设备对象
    BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
    String str = device.getName() + "|" + device.getAddress();
    Logger.e("扫描到设备：" + str);
    if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {//判断当前设备地址下的device是否已经配对
        if (!bondDevices.contains(device)) {
            bondDevices.add(device);
        }
    } else {
        if (!unbondDevices.contains(device)) {
            unbondDevices.add(device);
        }
        if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
            boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
            Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
        }
    }
    Log.e("error", "搜索完毕，准备刷新!");
    bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
    unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}

   

四：蓝牙配对

   正常情况下，蓝牙匹配需要弹出一个匹配确认框，如下图,但我想实现的是，匹配其中一方，不能手动点击配对，因为发起蓝牙连接的设备是android设备，是不能触摸的，所以就要通过程序来解决这个问题，特别声明：（测试的android设备，版本为5.x，并且已经root,没有root的设备，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否实现自动匹配，因为我只有这个测试设备）。

1 当我们搜索到目标手机的蓝牙后，android设备主动发起连接请求，代码如下

 if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
                boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
                Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
 }
//发起蓝牙匹配请求 
public boolean createBond(Class btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice)
            throws Exception {
        Method createBondMethod = btClass.getMethod("createBond");
        Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(btDevice);
        return returnValue.booleanValue();
}

2 当被匹配方点击配对后，系统会通过BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED广播告诉android设备，此时android设备就可以自动确认，通过这个流程来完成整个蓝牙的配对,具体代码如下

 BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                    int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //当前的配对的状态
                    try {
                        String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
                        String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
                        Logger.e(TAG + "蓝牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state); 
                        if(deviceName.equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)){//TEST_DEVICE_NAME  为被匹配蓝牙设备的名称，自己手动定义
                            Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
                            abortBroadcast();
                            boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    }

//确认配对
public Object setPairingConfirmation(Class<?> btClass, BluetoothDevice device, boolean isConfirm) throws Exception {
        Method setPairingConfirmation = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPairingConfirmation", boolean.class);
       Object object =  setPairingConfirmation.invoke(device, isConfirm);
         return object;
    }

//配对需要调用的方法
public boolean setPin(Class<? extends BluetoothDevice> btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice,
                                 String str) throws Exception {
        try {
            Method removeBondMethod = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPin",
                    new Class[]
                            {byte[].class});
            Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) removeBondMethod.invoke(btDevice,
                    new Object[]
                            {str.getBytes()});
            Log.e("returnValue", "" + returnValue);
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;

    }                        

 到目前为止，蓝牙权限，以及动态权限，蓝牙的打开，关闭，搜索，以及自动配对(特别声明：（自动配对的android设备，版本为5.x，并且已经root,没有root的设备，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否实现自动匹配，因为我只有这个测试设备）。)代码至此结束。

下一章：蓝牙通信第2篇:建立通信和发送文字消息，文件消息
 
demo代码下载：github